BIO 3: Fungi
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Transcript of BIO 3: Fungi
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tjmedina-bio3-'08
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K. FUNGI Nutrition
Heterotrophic eukaryote Absorptive mode of nutrition:
hydrolytic enzymes Saprobic fungi- feed on dead/ non-
living organisms Parasitic fungi- feed on nutrients
from living hosts Mutualistic fungi- food from other
organisms but reciprocate with functions beneficial to others
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Form Unicellular: yeast Filamentous: molds Complex multicellular: mushrooms
Structure Cell wall: chitin Hyphae (filaments): can be septate
hyphae or coenocytic hyphae Mycelium (network of several
hyphae) Haustoria (nutrient absorbing hyphal
tips that penetrate tissue of hosts)
K. FUNGI
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Reproduction Asexual: binary fission/ budding as in
yeast Sexual: spore formation
Syngamy: sexual union of 2 cells from different individual ; with 2 stages: plasmogamy and karyogamy
Haplontic life cycle: adult: haploid
3 divisions Division Zygomycota – zygospore fungi Division Ascomycota – sac fungi Division Basidiomycota – club fungi
K. FUNGI
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Division Organism
Fungi Zygomycota Rhizopus stolonifer
Ascomycota Schizosaccharomyces
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Aspergillus niger
Penicillium notatum
Cookeina
Basidiomycota Auricularia
Dictyophora, Fomes
Polyporus
Lycoperdon
Lichens Crustose Paint-smear- like
Fruticose Shrub-like
Foliose Leaf-like
K. FUNGI
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Division Zygomycota Terrestrial, thrive on soil with
decaying plant and animal materials
Hyphae: coenocytic; reproductive structure: septated
Asexual reproduction: spores (sporangium and sporangiophore)
Sexual reproduction: zygospores Rhizopus stolonifer (black bread
mold)tjmedina-bio3-'08
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Division Zygomycota
sporangium
zygosporetjmedina-bio3-'08
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Division Zygomycota
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Schizosaccharomyces and Saccharomyces: Yeast unicellular members; one reproduces
through fission, the other by budding economic uses: bread-making, beer-
making (alcohol fermentation) Aspergillus niger and Penicillium
notatum: ascomycetous mold fungi economic uses: cheese flavor, citric and
organic acids, antibiotics (penicillin); aspergillosis (lung disease), mold spoilage
Division Ascomycota
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Hyphae/ mycelium: septated Asexual reproduction: conidia
(conidiophore) Cookeina: cup fungus
sexual reproduction: ascospores (fruiting body: ascocarp with sac-like structures: ascus/asci
Division Ascomycota
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Division Ascomycota
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Also known as the club fungi Ecological importance: decomposition
of plant litter Asexual reproduction: basidiospores (n)
Outside the club-shaped spore producing: basidia within the basidiocarp
Complex fungi: jelly fungus (Auricularia), pore fungus (Dictyophora, Fomes), gill fungus (Polyporus), puffball fungi (Lycoperdon, Calvatia)
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Division Basidiomycota
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Division Basidiomycotabasidiospore
basidia
Cap/ pileus
Annulus/ ring
gill
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Division Basidiomycota
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Division Basidiomycota
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Relationships with fungi LICHENs
SYMBIOTIC relationship between a fungi and an algae (cyanobacteria) or green alga
Efficient in acquiring nutrients even at low moisture or low temperature; also good in abrorbing pollutants, and therefore cannot survive polluted areas--- bio-indicator of pollution
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Foliose lichens
Leaf-like
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Fruticose lichens
Shrub-like
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Crustose lichens
Flaky or crust-like
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Mycorrhizae Fungus roots Mutualistic relationship between
soil fungi and roots of most plants Plants with mycorrhizae grow
more successfully in poor soils– the relationship helps plants to acquire more mineral nutrients, in turn, the fungi get some carbohydrates
Relationships with fungi
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end
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