BIO 22 - Exercise 25 - Diversity of Animals (2)
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Transcript of BIO 22 - Exercise 25 - Diversity of Animals (2)
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Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
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Domain Eukarya
Domain Bacteria
Domain Archaea
Kingdom Animalia
Kingdom Fungi
Kingdom Plantae
Kingdom Protista
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Kingdom Protista
Alveolates DiscicristatesAmoebozoans Cercozoans
PhylumCiliphora PhylumDinozoa PhylumApicomplexa PhylumEuglenozoa
Phylum
Granuloreticulosa
Phylum Radiozoa
Class
KinetofragminophoraClass
Polyhymenophora
Class
Oligohymenophora
Class Sporozoa
Phylum
Parabasala
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Presence of small vesicles or alveoli just under the
plasma membrane
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- simple cilia or compound ciliary organelles typical in at least
one stage of life cycle.
eg. Didinium sp.
eg. Vorticella sp., Paramecium sp.
eg. Stentor sp.
Paramecium sp.
Vorticella sp..
Didinium sp.
Stentor sp..
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-possess apical complex and usually parasitic.Reproduction is syngamy.
Gregarina sp. and Plasmodium sp.
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- flagellated with disc shaped mitochondrial
cristae
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– possess kinetoplast and eyespot
eg. Euglena sp. and Trypanosoma sp.
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– possess parabasal body
eg. Trichonympha sp. and Trichomonas sp.
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-amorphous body and moves by means of
cytoplasmic streaming.
eg. Amoeba sp.
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- Needle-like pseudopods
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- Possess a test made of CaCO3 with granular orhyaline reticulopodia
eg. Foraminiferans
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- Possess a test made up of either organic matter,
silica or strontium sulfate with axopodia.
eg. Radiolarians
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Kingdom Animalia
Subkingdom EumetazoaSubkingdom Parazoa
Phylum Porifera
Class
Calcarea
ClassDesmospongiae
Class
Hexactinellida
Branch I Radiata Branch II Bilateria
Phylum
Cnidaria
Phylum
Ctenophora
Protostomes Deuterostomes
Acoelomates Pseudocoelomates Schizocoelomates
EnterocoelomatesClassSclerospongiae
Class Scyphozoa
Class Cubozoa
Class Hydrozoa
Class Anthozoa
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- cell differentiation present but tissue
differentiation is limited, adult is sessile
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-marine, body is perforated with many pores. Asexual reproduction by budding,sexual reproduction also present, larvae are motile
(Calcium carbonate spicules)
Calcareous sponges eg. Grantia sp.
Horny Sponges eg. Xestospongiae sp.
(Siliceous spicules w/ 6 rays)
Glass Sponges eg. Euplectella sp.
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- tissue organ level of organization, most have a
mouth and digestive cavity
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– animals with radial or biradial symmetry
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(True Jellyfish)
eg. Aurelia sp. and Mastigias sp.
(Cube Jelly)eg. Chironex sp.
(Hydra-like)
eg. Hydra sp. And Obelia sp.
eg. Acropora sp., Fungi sp.
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- No cnidocytes but have comb-like “ctene” with
colloblasts for capturing prey.
Eg. Comb jellies
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– animals with bilateral symmetry
P t t
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Protostomes
Acoelomates Pseudocoelomates Schizocoelomates
Phylum
Platyhelminthes
Phylum
Nematoda
Class
Turbellaria
Class
Trematoda
Class
Cestoda
Class
Aphasmidia
Class
Phasmidia
Phylum
Mollusca
Phylum
Annelida
Phylum
Arthropoda
Class
Monoplacophora
Class
PolyplacophoraClass
Gastropoda/
UnivalviaClass
Pelecypoda/
BivalviaClass
CephalopodaClass
Scaphopoda
Class
Polychaeta
Class
Oligochaeta
Class
Hirudinea
Subphylum
Trilobitomorpha
SubphylumChelicerata
Class Trilobita
ClassPycnogonida
Class
Merostomata
Class
Arachnida
Subphylum
CrustaceaSubphylum
Uniramia
Class Insecta/Hexapoda
Class DiplopodaClass Chilopoda
Phylum
Nemertina
Class
Monogenea
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- spiral determinate cleavage, mouth develops
from blastopore
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-no coelom/body cavity
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- dorsoventrally flattened
eg. Dugesia sp.
eg.Fasciola sp.
eg. Taenia solium
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- Proboscis worms
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- body cavity not completely lined with
mesoderm, complete digestive tract extending
from mouth to anus
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- without phasmids
eg. Turbatrix aceti
- with phasmids
eg. Ascaris lumbrocoides
Phasmids - unicellular sensilia inthe lateral tail region
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensiliahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensilia
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- true coelom that develops from schizocoel, complete
digestive tract
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-segmented worms
eg. Nereis sp.
eg. Lumbricus terrestris
eg. Hirudo medicinalis
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eg. Neopilinia sp.
eg. Chitons
eg. Snails
eg. Mussels, Clams
eg. Squid, Octopus
eg. Dentalium sp. (Tooth shells)
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Eg. Trilobites
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Eg. Horseshoe Crab
Eg. Spiders, Scorpions
Eg. Sea Spiders
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Eg. Crabs, Shrimps
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Eg. Insects
Eg. Centipede
Eg. Millipede
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- radial indeterminate cleave, blastopore developsinto anus, mouth forms from a second opening
*Enterocoelomates
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Deuterotomes
Enterocoelomates
Phylum
Echinodermata
Phylum
Chordata
Phylum
Hemichordata
Class Crinoidea
Class Asteroidea
Class Ophiuroidea
Class Echinoidea
Class
Holothuroidea
Subphylum
Urochordata
Subphylum
Vertebrata
Subphylum
Cephalochordata
Superclass AgnathaSuperclass
Gnathostomata
Class Agnatha
Class Actinopterygii
Class Chondrichthyes
Class Amphibia
Class Reptilia
Class Aves
Class Mammalia
Class Sarcopterygii
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Eg. Sea Lilies
Eg. Sea Stars
Eg. Brittle Stars
Eg. Sea Urchins
Eg. Sea Cucumbers
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-half notochord
Eg. Acorn Worm, Balanoglossus sp.
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-notochord present at some stage in life
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-notchord present only at larval stage at the tail region
TunicatesEg. Sea Squirts
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-notochord present throughout life and extendsthrough head
Eg. Amphioxus/Lancelets
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Eg. Lamprey, Hagfish
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Eg. Shark, Rays, Skates
Chimaeras
Eg. Lobe-fined Fishes
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Eg. Frog
Eg. Snake, Lizard
Eg. Bird
Eg. Squirrel