BIO 137 Human Anatomy and Physiology I CYTOLOGY LAB
Transcript of BIO 137 Human Anatomy and Physiology I CYTOLOGY LAB
Copyright 2015 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
BIO 137
Human Anatomy and
Physiology I
CYTOLOGY LAB
MARY CATHERINE FLATH, Ph.D.
Copyright 2015 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
BIO 137 CYTOLOGY LAB
• STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF A
TYPICAL HUMAN CELL
• MICROSCOPY STUDY
• SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES
IN HUMAN CELLS
• THE LIFE CYCLE OF THE CELL
• OSMOSIS WITH RED BLOOD
CELLS
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Cytology: The Microscopic Study of Cells
• The cell is the basic unit of structure and function in living things.
• Human cells are composed of four major parts:
–Nucleus
–Cell Membrane
–Cytoplasmic Organelles
–Cytoplasm
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human cell
model
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7 8 9
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1. Mitochondrion
2. Golgi Body
3. Smooth
endoplasmic
reticulum
4. Centrosome/
centrioles
5. Rough
endoplasmic
reticulum with
ribosomes
6. Nucleolus
7. Nuclear
envelope with
nuclear pores
8. Nucleoplasm
with chromatin
9. Free ribosomes
10.Cell membrane
11.Cytoplasm
12. Lysosome
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For each cell structure,
you should be able to:
• Identify the structure on a
diagram or model
• Describe the structure of the
cell part
• Name the function of each
cell part
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MICROSCOPY
STUDY (See handout)
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MICROSCOPY STUDY • LIGHT MICROSCOPY
– USES LIGHT AS SOURCE
– TISSUES ARE STAINED WITH PINK AND PURPLE DYES
– IMAGES ARE MAGNIFIED UP TO 1000X
• SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY – USES ELECTRONS AS SOURCE
– ELECTRONS ARE SCANNED OVER SPECIMEN
– THREE DIMENSIONAL IMAGE PRODUCED
– IMAGES ARE USUALLY MAGNIFIED THOUSANDS OF TIMES
• TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY – USES ELECTRONS AS SOURCE
– ELECTRONS ARE TRANSMITTED THROUGH SPECIMEN
– TWO DIMENSIONAL IMAGE PRODUCED
– IMAGES CAN BE MAGNIFIED UP TO A MILLION TIMES
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Please note that a photo taken
with a microscope is called a
MICROGRAPH
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LIGHT MICROGRAPH (LM)
1200x
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SCANNING ELECTRON
MICROGRAPH (SEM)
1900x
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TRANSMISSION ELECTRON
MICROGRAPH (TEM)
1200x
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PRACTICE RECOGNIZING DIFFERENT
TYPES OF MICROGRAPHS
• Complete the exercise on page 2 of the
microscopy study
– Look up figures listed in your textbook
– Note what the structure is, what type of
micrograph it is, and the magnification if
given
– A key will be posted to my webpage
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BIO 137
STUDY OF HUMAN
CELLS
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Cells have different shapes
different sizes,
and different organelle
composition
because they have different
functions.
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The size of average human
cells ranges from 10µ - 100µ.
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Copyright 2015 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
The human cell types studied in
BIO 137 Cytology lab include:
Squamous Epithelial Cells
Smooth Muscle Cells
Sperm
Red Blood Cells
The light micrographs included in this presentation
were taken using the same slides that you’ll be using in lab.
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For each slide studied in this lab,
you should:
• Draw a sketch of typical cells in your
handout illustrating the organelles that
are visible (and/or lacking).
• Describe the shape of the cell.
• Estimate the size of the cell (HP field
diameter is 500µ)
– Diameter
– Length
– Width
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SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL
CELLS
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SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS –LOW POWER LM
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SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS - HIGH POWER LM
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Sketch of squamous epithelial cells
(high power)
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Sketch of squamous epithelial cells
(high power)
• Describe shape of cells.
– ____________________________________
– ____________________________________
• What organelles are visible?
– ____________________________________
– ____________________________________
• Estimate the diameter of the cells. ______µ
• Function? ________________________
• Location? ________________________
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SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS-
OIL IMMERSION LM
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TEASED SMOOTH
MUSCLE CELLS
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TEASED SMOOTH MUSCLE- LOW POWER LM
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TEASED SMOOTH MUSCLE-
HIGH POWER LM
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Sketch of teased smooth muscle cells
(high power)
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Sketch of teased smooth muscle cells
(high power)
• Describe shape of cells. – ____________________________________
– ____________________________________
• What organelles are visible? – ____________________________________
– ____________________________________
• Estimate the length and width of the cells. Length = ______µ; Width = _______ µ
• Function? ________________________
• Location? ________________________
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TEASED SMOOTH MUSCLE-
OIL IMMERSION LM
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SPERM CELLS
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SPERM-OIL IMMERSION- LM
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Sketch of sperm cells
(high power)
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Sketch of sperm cells
(high power)
• Describe shape of cells.
– ____________________________________
– ____________________________________
• What organelles are visible?
– ____________________________________
– ____________________________________
• Estimate the length of the cells. ______µ
• Function? _________________________
• Location? _________________________
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OF SPERM CELLS
840x
SEM
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RED BLOOD CELLS:
ERYTHROCYTES
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HUMAN BLOOD SMEAR- HIGH POWER LM
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Sketch of red blood cells
(high power)
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Sketch of red blood cells
(high power)
• Describe shape of cells.
– ____________________________________
– ____________________________________
• What organelles are visible?
– ____________________________________
– ____________________________________
• Estimate the diameter of the cells. ______µ
• Function? ________________________
• Location? ________________________
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HUMAN BLOOD SMEAR-OIL IMMERSION LM
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THE LIFE CYCLE
OF THE CELL
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TEMs 360X
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TO STUDY THE PHASES OF THE
CELL CYCLE
• You will be using slides of whitefish blastula
• On each slide, there are several blastula (stained pink).
• When you have located a blastula using scanning and low power, then increase to high power to observe cells in various stages of mitosis.
– Note that most of the cells are in interphase
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MITOTIC PHASES-HIGH POWER LM
(Most cells are in Interphase)
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PROPHASE- OIL IMMERSION LM
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METAPHASE- OIL IMMERSION LM
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ANAPHASE- OIL IMMERSION LM
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TELOPHASE- OIL IMMERSION LM
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Copyright 2015 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
BIO 137 CYTOLOGY LAB
• STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF A
TYPICAL HUMAN CELL
• MICROSCOPY STUDY
• SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES
IN HUMAN CELLS
• THE LIFE CYCLE OF THE CELL
• OSMOSIS WITH RED BLOOD
CELLS
Copyright 2015 Dr. Mary Cat Flath
In lab we will study
• Osmosis
– Working in groups of three, each student
will make a wet mount slide with red blood
cells in one of the solutions below:
• Hypertonic (10%)
• Isotonic (0.9%)
• Hypotonic (distilled water; 0%)
• Observe cells under high power and write
down observations for each
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Fig. 3.25
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
© David M. Phillips/Visuals Unlimited
(a)
(b)
(c)
Isotonic (0.9% solute)
Hypertonic (>0.9% solute)
Hypotonic (0.9%solute)
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Sketches of your rbc slides
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Let’s take a practice quiz.
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Name the cell part.
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Name the cell part.
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NAME THE PALE PINK DISCS IN
THIS FIELD
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Red blood cells (erythrocytes).
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LM, SEM, TEM?
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TRANSMISSION ELECTRON
MICROGRAPH (TEM)
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Name the cells.
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SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS
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Are these LMs, SEMs, or TEMs?
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SEMs.
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Name the phase.
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ANAPHASE
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1. ____________
2. ____________
3. ____________
____________
____________
4. ____________
____________
5. ____________
____________
____________
with _________
6. ____________
7. ____________
____________
with
_____________
8. _____________
with _________
9. Free _________
10.______________
11.______________
12. ______________
3
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1
2
4
5
6
7 8 9
10
11
12
1. Mitochondrion
2. Golgi Body
3. Smooth
endoplasmic
reticulum
4. Centrosome/
centrioles
5. Rough
endoplasmic
reticulum with
ribosomes
6. Nucleolus
7. Nuclear
envelope with
nuclear pores
8. Nucleoplasm
with chromatin
9. Free ribosomes
10.Cell membrane
11.Cytoplasm
12. Lysosome
3