BIM Manual Civil Works and Infrastructure

BIM Manual Civil Works and Infrastructure

December 2016 /LOSK +45 22709597 [email protected]

MT Højgaard A/S Knud Højgaards Vej 7 2860 Søborg +45 7012 2400 mth.dk CVR 12562233


REV. DATE DESCRIPTION/CHANGES PREPARED BY

CHECKED BY

APPROVED BY

0 Jan 2015 First edition incl. comments from D&E LOSK DWP POL

1 Dec 2016 Release to external parties, general corrections LOSK DWP POL

2

3

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Table of Contents

1. Introduction 3

2. BIM processes 4 2.1 Roles 5 2.2 Effective data flow 5 2.3 Common Data Environment 10

3. BIM as CAD production basis 12 3.1 Template 12 3.2 Reference points 12 3.3 Coordinate system/elevation systems 12 3.4 Revision documentation 13

4. Structuring BIM Models 15 4.1 Type models 15 4.2 Folder structure 17 4.3 Reference systems 18 4.4 Naming of BIM Models 21 4.5 Naming of objects 22 4.6 Model list 26 4.7 Levels of development 26

5. Subscription tools 27 5.1 Geotechnical Module 2017 28

6. BIM Models on the construction site 41 6.1 Fix points 41 6.2 Site model 41 6.3 Excavation 41

7. Data extracts from BIM Models 43 7.1 Drawing production 43 7.2 Quantity takeoffs 46 7.3 Export from Revit to AutoCAD Civil 3D 49

8. Quality control of BIM Models 50 8.1 Approved 50 8.2 Authorised 53 8.3 Verified 53

9. Exchange 54 9.1 Machine control and surveying 54 9.2 Formats 55

10. Lists 56 10.1 List of abbreviations 56 10.2 List of formats 56 10.3 List of Softwares 57

11. Appendices 57 11.1 Appendix 1 Effective Data Flow 57 11.2 Appendix 2 Example of Common Data Environment (CDE) 57 11.3 Appendix 3 Example of QC of BIM Models 57 11.4 Appendix 4 Naming of objects 57

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1. Introduction

This Manual describes building information modeling (BIM) processes and tools for MT

Højgaard’s (MTH) earthworks and road projects. AutoCAD Civil 3D and the associated processes

and tools form the backbone of building information modeling (BIM).

Over the past years, BIM has been used on more and more projects. For instance, BIM and

machine control are often used for excavation models for foundations and pipework. This

emphasises the importance of this Manual.

You do not need to read the Manual from start to finish. Below you can see the intended

addressees of the different sections:

Chapter 2 describes BIM processes and roles. This chapter is relevant for all parties

involved in civil works and infrastructure projects.

Chapters 3-8 describe AutoCAD Civil 3D procedures and are therefore relevant for

AutoCAD Civil 3D users. The chapters require a basic knowledge of AutoCAD Civil 3D and

are not a software manual.

Use this Manual in your daily work and make sure that you always use the right naming

and object for the task you perform.

Appendices 1-3 provide detailed descriptions of various processes. Read them if

necessary. The document refers to these descriptions where relevant.

Appendix 4 contains all naming tables of objects from section 4.5.

If you have any questions, comments or input to the BIM Manual, please write to [email protected].

In the document, file formats will be abbreviated using a full stop and three lower-case letters

such as .pdf for a digital plot in the Adobe format. We use upper-case letters for abbreviations.

For instance, GPS is an abbreviation of Global Positioning System. At the very back of the

document, there is a list of abbreviations, formats and softwares (see sections 10.1, 10.2 and

10.3).

mailto:[email protected]

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2. BIM processes

A building information model is not just one model. It generally contains a lot of references,

objects, property data and history. The processes through to a finished BIM Model may involve

different paths, and the end result may have a multitude of appearances. Figure 1 illustrates

this complexity where information merges and is presented and used in different ways. (See

section 4.1 for an overview of the various types of models shown in the figure). Chapter 2

describes how and why BIM processes in MTH are performed in the same way because it results

in:

A more comprehensive overview of the project

More accurate BIM Models

Fewer errors in the design basis

Figure 1: BIM processes. Source: Supplement to the bips CAD Manual 2008.

Sections 2.2 and 2.3 provide a more detailed description of BIM processes. See also Appendix 1

for specification of Effective Data Flow and Appendix 2 for an example of a BIM Model’s journey

through the Common Data Environment. But first the BIM roles must be in place.

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2.1 Roles

Table 1 below describes BIM roles on earthworks and road projects. It is possible for one

person to have several roles. The roles will apply throughout the Manual.

Roles Description

BIM Coordinator Coordinator of the BIM work. Each firm

appoints one or more BIM Coordinator(s)

BIM Manager Manager of the different BIM Coordinators

Designer The designer creating the BIM-model

Design Engineer Designer with design responsibility

Approver In most cases a project or design manager

Model secretary A person keeping an eye on the client’s

project web and Shared. When there are new

files, the Model Secretary will notify the

project team.

Table 1: Roles

2.2 Effective data flow

The effective data flow (Figure 2) describes how to effectively exchange data between different

tools throughout the construction process. The appendix provides a general description of the

tools as the processes can be carried out using Autodesk as well as Bentley tools.

The effective data flow supports effective BIM collaboration on the project if the right tools and

competencies are available and can be used for all types of civil works and infrastructure

projects such as roads, railways, bridges, tunnels and land developments.

The effective data flow enables the reuse of data from process to process on the individual

project. The reuse of data reduces errors and workload.

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Figure 2: Effective data flow.

The top of Figure 2 shows two types of modeling tools: a Preliminary project tool (1) and a

Design tool (2), and the bottom of Figure 2 describes the possibilities of further processing the

BIM Models in other tools (3-6). The arrows between the tools indicate data flow directions.

Active interaction between the tools in all phases of the project adds tremendous value as the

tools contain different design and analysis options, and the tools allows for easy exchange of

information/data. The different types of tools and processes are described in further detail

below.

Tools

1. Preliminary project tool

The Preliminary project tool makes it possible to create conceptual designs of different

solutions and to present processes and solutions. The tool is intended to support the

design and visualisation processes in the Design tool (2) to facilitate easy interchange of

data between these two tools, without any loss of data.

The tool must be able to import a large number of file formats to build the conceptual

design. Likewise, the tool must be able to import existing data such terrain, buildings,

roads and pipes.

The tool must also include a BIM Model analysis option such as roadway curves, analyses

of visibility from cars, profile optimisation and shade conditions. The tool may also

include an option to develop conceptual designs of bridges, roads and drainage systems

which can be processed in detail in ancillary Design tools (2).

As an example of Preliminary project tools are Autodesk InfraWorks 360 or Esri

CityEngine, which both can import most file formats and perform various analyses.

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2. Design tool

The Design tool should allow for detailed design and optimisation of Alignments, Profiles,

road structures, excavations, surfacing, etc. The tool must be able to automatically

generate quantity takeoffs, cross sections as well as plan and profile views so that

products such as quantities and drawing production need no longer be made manually.

Autodesk AutoCAD Civil 3D, Trimble Tekla Structures and Bentley Microstation Inroads

are examples of Design tools in civil works and infrastructure projects.

3. Production planning

Production planning includes various project and process planning initiatives, including:

Site model

Visualisation of critical processes/building components

Materials and logistics optimisation

By planning the execution the construction works from start to finish already in the

design phase, most challenges are taken into account before the first turf is cut. This will,

for instance, minimise unforeseen costs and production stoppage and reduce fuel

consumption and CO2 emissions – and ultimately shorten construction time.

Autodesk Navisworks and InfraWorks are also examples of tools that can be used for

production planning in civil works and infrastructure projects.

4. BIM detailed project planning

The Design tools (2) are used for detailed design in BIM.

5. Earthworks optimisation

For earthworks optimisation, we use a location-based project management tool that can

handle soil quantities and which supports planning and management of large linear civil

works and infrastructure projects such as roads or railways as well as, for instance, mass

optimisation.

Dynaroad is an example of a state-of-the-art tool designed specifically for the planning

and management of large linear civil works and infrastructure projects.

6. Machine control and surveying

Building information models are used for machine control and surveying. BIM Models

from the Design tools (2) can be entered in machine control and surveying equipment to

enable the crew to stake out reference points, grade and begin excavation directly. The

work performed can also be measured automatically for control and as-built

documentation.

The Leica iCON system is an example of a tool for both machine control and surveying.

To inquire about a trial period, contact Leica Geosystems in Denmark (leica-

geosystems.dk).

Data flows

a. From Preliminary project tool (1) to Design tool (2) and vice versa.

Central and crucial to effective data flow is the exchange of data between Preliminary

project tools (1) and Design tools (2). It is therefore essential that the two tools interact

well enough to avoid any loss of data during the exchange. Below follows an example of

a procedure between these two tools:

In the project start-up phase, the existing conditions will be imported into the

Preliminary project tool (1) to generate a conceptual design. The conceptual design

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could for instance consist of a bridge (see Figure 3a). The conceptual design, including

existing conditions, will then be exported to the Design tool (2) to detail the design (see

Figure 3b). In the course of the design phase or after the end of the design, information

on the project can be gathered in the Preliminary project tool (1) for a visualisation of

the designed project (see Figure 3c).

Figure 3: Relationship between Design tool and Preliminary project tool.

b. From Preliminary project tool (1) and Design tool (2) to production planning (3).

Production planning is a broad concept when it comes to tools and processes. The

starting point of this document is planning based on a site model, visualisation of critical

processes/building components and materials and logistics optimisation.

b1. Site model

Site models are BIM Models of the construction project with existing surroundings, build

in the Preliminary project tool (1) or the Design tool (2) and using building site objects

(e.g. cranes, containers, signs, etc.). The site model gives a good overview of the

construction period and makes it possible, among other things, to identify any space and

logistics problems in the design phase and to minimise relocation of functions at the site

because all factors have been considered from the outset. The site model must be

updated as the project progresses.

Figure 4 shows an example of a site model. The model includes site accommodation, car

parking, excavation, materials store, fences, interim roads, etc.

Figure 4: Site model.

a b c

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b2. Visualisation of critical processes/building components

The Preliminary project tool (1) is used for visualisation of critical processes, e.g. crane

lifting, fencing, interim measures, health and safety and scaffolding. It may also be

useful to visualise carriage roads etc. if there is little space around the site. Visualisations

make it possible to think the critical process/building component through and to find a

useful and tested solution.

b3. Materials and logistics optimisation

A location-based project management tool (5) is used for materials and logistics

optimisation. See the next section (d) for more details.

c. From Preliminary project tool (1) to Design tool (2) to BIM detailed design (4).

The preliminary designs in the Preliminary project tool (1) are exported to the Design

tool (2) for detailed planning. The same BIM Model is used in the preliminary design and

the detailed planning phase. This is to ensure that the same geometry is used and that

the design is well-coordinated.

Below is an example of a detailed design of a bridge component. The component is

exported from the Preliminary project tool (1) to the Design tool (2) where the geometry

is updated and 3D reinforcement models are produced.

Figure 5: BIM detailed design of bridge component.

d. From Design tool (2) to location-based planning tool (5) and vice versa.

Calculated earth quantities from the Design tool (2) are imported in the location-based

planning tool (5) from Excel. The quantities in Excel are generated in the Design tool (2),

in which they are analysed and segmented according to application categories. On that

basis, the location-based planning tool (5) calculates haul distances and thereby

visualises areas where the design could benefit from vertical changes to the Alignment or

other changes (see Figure 5). If possible, the design will be adjusted in the Design tool

(2) on the basis of the calculations in the location-based planning tool (5), and then the

quantities will be recalculated and reimported into the location-based planning tool (5).

The process runs iteratively until the optimum solution has been found.

e. From Design tool (2) to machine control/surveying (6) and vice versa.

The design file is imported into the machine control and surveying tools (6) to generate a

terrain model, an alignment file and a file containing information on the project's

coordinate system. The files can be used for machine control and in a total station (see

Figure 6). The systems can also measure in points during performance of work for control

and as-built documentation. These Points are exported to the Design tool (2) to check

the work performed.

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Figure 6: Display of design on tablets at total station and in machine house.

f. Handover

Handover may consist of quantities, production drawings, visualisations, parts lists,

presentation model, schedule, as-built, etc.

2.3 Common Data Environment

When exchanging files, it is important that the structure is transparent and works. There are

many example of situations where the project team has lost track of which files are current,

which files have been released, etc. The structure shown in Figure 7 (Common Data

Environment, CDE) can help overcome these challenges. This structure is based on British

Standard PAS 1192-2:2013, which provides a detailed description of the work processes

involved in this structure. The most important elements are described below.

Figure 7: Common Data Environment from PAS 1192-2:2013.

Figure 7 shows the journey of a BIM Model from start to publication. Each individual BIM Model

will follow its own path from start (Work In Progress) to handover (Published), but a common

feature for all BIM Models is that they must all go through the elements shown in the figure one

or more times.

The Common Data Environment (CDE) involves four model areas and three quality control

processes. The quality control processes take place in between the four model areas Work in

progress, Shared, Published and Archive. The three different quality control processes

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Approved, Authorised and Verified involve three different quality control methods. The quality

control methods are described in further detail in Chapter 8.

The CDE processes are described in further detail below. There is also an example of the

process in Appendix 1 Example of Common Data Environment (CDE).

Work in Progress

Each Work in Progress contains BIM Models from a firm or a discipline group such as roads,

pipework, pipe lines, bridges, etc. These firms/discipline groups are to exchange BIM Models

with each other. What is common to all discipline groups/firms is that they work on internal

disk drives.

Approved

For the BIM Model to be uploadable to Shared, the model must go through a checking, review

and approval process. The quality control (QC) must include:

Self-checking

BIM Model technical QC

Lead Engineer QC

Approval

Shared

Once the BIM Model has completed the quality control process Approved, it will be uploaded to

Shared. Shared will be a common project web where all Work in Progress parties may upload

and download material. The BIM Models may be downloaded from Shared and used directly for

reference data in other BIM Models. See section 4.3 for more information about reference data.

Authorised

For the BIM Model to be uploadable to Published, the model must go through a checking,

review and approval process. The control must include:


Approval

Published

Once the BIM Model is Published, it will be released to the client.

Verified

When the client has approved the BIM Model, it is Verified.

Archive

For each version of the BIM Model uploaded to Shared and for each publication released to

Published, a version of the BIM Model will also be uploaded to Archive. Version and revision

numbers will be added as a suffix to the version name. (See section 4.4 for more details).

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3. BIM as CAD production basis

3.1 Template

MTH has created an AutoCAD Civil 3D template. The template has been made to ensure that all

material provided by MTH looks the same and to ease the lay-out process in AutoCAD Civil 3D.

The template name is AutoCAD Civil 3D 2017_DK_DDA.dwt and can be downloaded from the

MTH website (mth.dk). The template will be updated continual to reflect the new version of

AutoCAD Civil 3D.

The template is originally from the NTI CAD Center where the US template was adjusted to

accommodate Danish measurements and language. At MTH, the template has been updated to

include MTH’s title block, layers from Det Digitale Anlæg (DDA), etc. The DDA layers are based

on industry standards which were published in the bips publication C201, Lagstruktur 2005

which has since been updated and extended on an ongoing basis by bentleyuser.dk. The layers

will automatically be used in styles including the word [DDA] at the end of the name. The layer

structure on the project must be as described in the ICT Performance Specification A102, part

4: Digital design (A102,del 4: Digital projektering, tidligere IKT-teknisk CAD-specifikation). If

the project has no description of the layer structure, then use the DDA layers. The template is

set up for the ibb.stb plot style. Please note that it is .stb and not .ctb. Both the NTI CAD center

and bentleyuser.dk have approved the release of the template.

Templates have also been created for Plan Production with the MTH standard template. Plan

Production is an AutoCAD Civil 3D tool automating the process of publishing drawing files with

title blocks, etc. To use this functionality, the BIM model must include an Alignment. Plan

Production templates are also available for download from the MTH website, mth.dk. See

section 7.1 for more details.

3.2 Reference points

The reference points (at least two) given in the project must be used. Reference points are

important in the project to make sure that the project is positioned correctly. Reference points

must be stated in the project’s ICT Performance Specification A102, part 4: Digital design

(A102,del 4: Digital projektering, tidligere IKT-teknisk CAD-specifikation).

3.3 Coordinate system/elevation systems

The coordinate/elevation system specified in the project will be used; this appears from the

project’s ICT Performance Specification A102, part 4: Digital design (A102,del 4: Digital

projektering, tidligere IKT-teknisk CAD-specifikation). Unless otherwise indicated, choose the

DKTM and DVR90 systems for Denmark. Use Drawing Settings to select the coordinate and

elevation system in AutoCAD Civil 3D (see Figure 8 and Figure 9). Drawing Settings lists all

coordinate systems in the world; therefore select Denmark first and then the relevant

coordinate and elevation system. This is done to enable the transfer of the BIM Model to other

BIM tools.

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Figure 8: Drawing Settings in AutoCAD Civil 3D.

Figure 9: Assigning coordinate system in AutoCAD Civil 3D.

3.4 Revision documentation

When working with BIM Models, you must use model blocks. If no model block has been

assigned by the client, the AutoCAD Civil 3D 2017_DK_DDA.dwt template includes an MTH

standard model block. The model block is a block placed in model layout. The top part of the

model block describes what the BIM Model contains, who has created the model, etc. (see

Figure 10). The lower part of the model block contains the revision log, which shows the

changes made to the BIM Model since the latest release. The revision log shows the date, a

description of the changes and the names of the person responsible and those who have

checked and approved the changes (see Figure 10). In this way, the .dwg file itself provides an

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overview of the changes made to the BIM Model. The model block must always be placed in the

GOFF--- layer and close to reference point 1. The legend is to be filled in every time the BIM

Model is uploaded to Shared and every time the model is Published (see section 2.3).

Figure 10: MTH model block.

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4. Structuring BIM Models

4.1 Type models

In BIM Civil Works, different types of BIM Models are referenced into each other to minimise

very heavy BIM Models. Below follows a description of the different types of BIM Models and

how to use them. Figure 11 is a diagram showing the relationship between the different types

of models. The text inside the boxes is copied from the Civil Works Addendum to the bips CAD

Manual 2008 (Anlægstillæg til bips CAD-manual 2008) with approval from Bentley Users

(bentleyusers.dk). The text is translated into English by MTH. The Addendum is available for

download on the Internet.

Basic discipline data

The basic discipline-specific data may include:

Point files

Text files

Cross section drawings

Basic discipline models

Basic discipline models may include:

Corridors Grading Surfaces

Drawing files

Basic discipline models in civil works and infrastructure projects are often based on basic discipline data or prepared manually on the basis of the assumptions of the project.

A Basic discipline model from the road engineer may contain station line, road geometry, contour lines, cross sections, markers, etc.

A Basic discipline model from the bridge engineer may contain bridge geometry, reinforcement, etc.

A Basic discipline model from the geotechnical engineer may be a plan of the location of

drillings, longitudinal profiles showing drilling profiles along the alignment, etc. In this

model structure, Basic discipline models are generated directly from basic discipline data.

Data and plotting data are extracted from the Basic discipline model.

Exchange between disciplines.

Corresponding to the model file concept previously used, e.g. road geometry, staking out, cable and sewer diagram, longitudinal profile, etc. forms the basis of the drawing production of the discipline.

Consist primarily of external references to Basic discipline models, framework, drawing header and, if relevant, text and signature(s).

Basic discipline data are data which form the basis of one or more Basic discipline

models. Basic discipline data are numeric or alphanumeric information saved in one

or more files or databases. Basic discipline data may also include data on the

strength and geometry of the structure or the condition and use of an area.

All changes in geometry and tracing are made in basic discipline data.

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Figure 11: Principle of drawing production in a file- and database-based model structure. Source: Civil Works Addendum to the bips CAD Manual 2008. (Anlægstillæg

til bips CAD-manual 2008)

Shared

Collections of Basic discipline models which have been cleared, promoted and are ready for

release. Below follows a description of the procedure for the first release.

1. The AutoCAD Civil 3D 2017_DK_DDA.dwt template is opened from the template

folder(see section 4.2) and saved under a new name (see section 4.4)

2. Insert reference points and fill in the legend (see section 3.1)

3. The relevant objects are Data Shortcut into the model and background files are xref’ed

(see section 4.3).

4. Objects from Data Shortcuts are promoted, and background files will become binded.

5. After completed quality control (QC), the BIM Model may now be uploaded to Shared.

Archive

Shared models are also uploaded to the Archive file. The BIM Models will be assigned a revision

and version number as a suffix to the file name (see section 4.4).

Common model

Gathering Basic discipline models in one file in the agreed exchange format.

Depending on the context and needs, it is possible to combine Basic discipline models in several different common models.

Common models are used for interdisciplinary project review, communication, visualisation

and clash detection.

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The models can be joined in the BIM tool Navisworks Manage which also a tool to assure the

quality of the BIM Models. To read more about this, see Chapter 8.

As-built

As-built will mostly come directly from measurement/machine data or 3D laser scanning.

4.2 Folder structure

The AutoCAD Civil 3D folder structure is shown in Figure 12. Below follows a description of

which files are to be placed in which folders.

Figure 12: Folder structure.

Archive

o Shared BIM Models with correct version and revision numbers (see section 2.3)

As-built

o Data and BIM Models from surveying measurements made by a surveyor, 3D

laser scanning or machine control.

Basic discipline data

o See section 4.1.

CIVIL Corridors

o Files with one or more Corridors

o Surfaces from Corridors

o Cross sections of the Corridor

CIVIL SHARED

o Files only containing Data Shortcuts of one or more Basic discipline models

CIVIL Grading

o Files with one or more Gradings

o Surfaces from Gradings

o Cross sections of Gradings

CIVIL Pipe Networks

o Files with one or more Pipe Networks

o Cross sections of Pipe Networks

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CIVIL Profiles

o Alignment

o Profile (longitudinal profile) of Alignment and manually drawn profile lines

CIVIL Surfaces

o Surfaces generated from 3D lines/Points/Meshes/3D faces etc.

Digital plots

o Drawing files in .pdf or .dwf format

Common model

o If relevant, Navisworks file (.nwd) of one or more Basic Discipline Models

Reference

o CIVIL Data Shortcuts

Folders for Data Shortcuts (They will be generated automatically when

Data Shortcuts are generated in AutoCAD Civil 3D, see section 4.3)

o External references

Files used as references for BIM Models

Shared

o Copy of the Shared folder on project web. The Model Secretary copies and

notifies the project team when new files are available.

Drawing files

o All drawing files in original format (eg .dwg)

Template

o AutoCAD Civil 3D 2017_DK_DDA.dwt modified for the project:

Coordinate system

Model block

Layers, if relevant

o Production Plans modified for the project. See section 7.1 for more details.

Title block

Scale

Etc.

4.3 Reference systems

In AutoCAD Civil 3D there are two types of reference systems - an intelligent system with

limited use (Data Shortcut) and an unintelligent system with unlimited use (external reference,

x-ref).

Data Shortcut

Data Shortcut is the intelligent system with limited use. This system must be used where possible. The limited use means that only specific object types can be used:

Alignment Surfaces Pipe networks

Pressure networks Corridors (new in AutoCAD Civil 3D 2017)

View Frame Groups Objects from Basic discipline data and Basic discipline models can be referenced into other Basic discipline models as underlay and data for design. Here you can use – but not alter – data and the intelligence from the referenced BIM objects. For example, a Data Shortcut of the

existing terrain can be used as the data and basis for road design. If the object in the original file changes, the reference (Data Shortcut) will also change in the files it has been shortcut into – and that makes it intelligent.

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Figure 13: The Data Shortcut function is found in Toolspace in AutoCAD Civil 3D.

Below the Data Shortcut work flow is shown.

1. First the path used to create the Data Shortcut is selected (see Figure 14). The relevant

folder is Civil Data Shortcuts (see section 4.2).

Figure 14: Setting Working Folder in AutoCAD Civil 3D.

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2. Then the Data Shortcuts can be divided into different disciplines by using the Data

Shortcuts Project Folder (see Figure 15). For large civil works and infrastructure

projects, it will make the project more manageable. The different folders could be

named:

o Earthworks

o Road project

o Drainage

o Cable plan

o Existing conditions

Figure 15: New Data Shortcuts Project Folder in AutoCAD Civil 3D.

3. In the BIM Model containing the desired objects to be linked to the Data Shortcuts, the Data Shortcut references can now be created (see Figure 16). When using Data Shortcuts, it is important that each object is given a unique name as Data Shortcuts from different BIM Models will be placed in the same list of Data Shortcuts. Naming of

objects will be described in further detail in section 4.5.

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Figure 16: Creating Data Shortcut in AutoCAD Civil 3D.

External reference

External references are the unintelligent system with unlimited use, i .e. all object types can be

used here. External references are primarily used for the production of drawing files, but can

also be used as a basis for Basic discipline models such as a background map. In addition to

.dwg files, external references can also refer to images, .dwf, .dgn, .pdf and Point Clouds (see

Figure 17).

Figure 17: External reference in AutoCAD Civil 3D.

4.4 Naming of BIM Models

For naming of BIM Models, see the project’s ICT Performance Specification A102, part 2: Digital

communication (A102, del 4: Digital projektering, tidligere IKT-teknisk CAD-specifikation). If

the specification does not contain requirements as to the naming of model files, use the current

bips standards. It is important that the same BIM Model has the same name for its entire life.

Otherwise, the connection to references is lost (see section 4.3).

Version and revision

When files are uploaded to the Shared folder or when files are released, they will be copied to

the Archive folder. The files in the Archive folder will be assigned a version and revision

numbers at the end of the file name. Version numbers are used when the BIM Model is

uploaded to Shared, and revision numbers are used on release (Published). See examples in

Appendix 1 - Example of Common Data Environment (CDE).

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4.5 Naming of objects

It is very important to have an identical naming structure on objects in AutoCAD Civil 3D, in

particular when using Data Shortcuts. When using the below naming procedure, you will get a

consistent naming system for all projects.

It is important that the same object has the same name throughout the life of the project. The

reason is that objects are referred into other BIM Models. When the object name is changed,

the linking to the original file will be cut (see section 4.3).

The naming procedure is only necessary for objects which are referred as Data Shortcut and

released. For the rest of the objects, it is sufficient to give them appropriate names.

In Appendix 4 - Naming of objects, the naming tables have been set up after each other. Print

it and keep it for future reference when working with the models.

Alignment

Alignment is an alignment object in AutoCAD Civil 3D. It is a 2D object describing the horizontal

course of an alignment. The Alignment object must be named according to the principle in

Figure 18.

Figure 18: Naming of Alignments.

Example of naming:

H_Pr_R_BRIDGE2_Test road

Horizontal_Project_Road_BRIDGE2_Test road

NB! The free text is optional. It is only used if there is a need for extra information in the name.

Profile

Profile is the longitudinal profile of the Alignment. This is a 2D object describing the vertical

course of the Alignment. The Profile must be named according to the principle in Figure 19.

Figure 19: Naming of Profiles.

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Example of naming:

V_Pr_O_BRIDGE2_Test road

Vertical Alignment_Project_Road surface_BRIDGE2_Test road


Assembly

An assembly is cross-section data along an Alignment such as a road or a railway. Assemblies

must be named according to the principle in Figure 20.

Figure 20: Naming of assemblies.

Example of naming:

A_Pr_R_0-20_Test road

Assembly_Project_Road_Stationing 0-20_Test road


Corridor

A corridor is a 3D model containing Alignments, Profiles and Assemblies. Corridor models are

usually created for road or railway projects. Corridors must be named according to the principle

in Figure 21.

Figure 21: Naming of Corridors.

Example of naming:

C_Pr_R_0-20_Test road

Corridor_Project_Road_Stationing 0-20_Test road


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Grading

Gradings are excavation/levelling/embankment construction objects where you draw a Feature

line and then add grading from the Feature line to a given Surface. Gradings must be named

according to the principle in Figure 22.

Figure 22: Naming of grading.

Example of naming:

G_Pr_V_Embankment2_Test embankment

Grading_Project_Embankment_Embankment2_Test embankment


Surface

Surface is a surface model. It can be created from 3D lines, Points, 3D faces, etc. A Surface will

often be:

Existing terrain

Surfaces from Corridor

Surfaces from Gradings

From measured Points

Pasted Surfaces (Two or more Surfaces combined in one Surface).

Surfaces must be named according to the principle in Figure 23.

Figure 23 Naming of Surfaces.

Example of naming:

S_Pr_C_P_0-20_Test road

Surface_Project_Surface from Corridor_Datum_Stationing 0-20_Test road


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Point group

Points groups are filters that bundle together your Points into manageable pieces. The pieces

may be:

Measured Points from the lower edge of a foundation

Soil pile

Pipeline excavations

Point groups must be named according to the principle in Figure 24.

Figure 24: Naming of Point groups.

Example of naming:

PG_I_J_40_Soil Pile1

Point Group_Measured Points_Soil pile_Stationing 40_Soil pile 1


Pipe network

Pipe networks are the pipework in AutoCAD Civil 3D. Pipe networks contain standard pipes and

wells to all underground utility systems. Pipe networks must be named according to the

principle in Figure 25.

Figure 25: Naming of pipe network.

Example of naming:

N_Pr_S_BRIDGE1_Test bridge

Pipe network_Project_Waste Water_Bridge1_Test bridge


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4.6 Model list

To keep track of the BIM Models, a model list is generated for each project. The model list

includes the name, release date, revision and initials of creator, controller and approver of the

BIM Model. When using the model list, you gain an overview of all BIM Models and their status

(see section 3.4).

4.7 Levels of development

Levels of development for the digital deliverables are described in the ICT Performance

Specification A102, part 4: Digital design (A102,del 4: Digital projektering, tidligere IKT-teknisk

CAD-specifikation). The levels of development are defined in the MTH Building Component

Catalogue with Levels of Development Specification (LOD), which is available at the MTH

website, mth.dk.

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5. Subscription tools

With a valid subscription, you can download the latest upgrades, add-ons, request flexible

license terms and obtain technical support from Autodesk. Autodesk offers additional

improvement tools which can be downloaded and used directly in AutoCAD Civil 3D. This

section describes some of the most important subscriptions for AutoCAD Civil 3D.

Installation of subscription tools

Before installing the subscription tools, you must close AutoCAD Civil 3D.

The subscription tools can be downloaded from the Autodesk Subscription Center. There is a

link to the Subscription Center (Product Enhancements) in the personal Autodesk Accounts (see

Figure 26).

Figure 26: Link to Subscription Center.

The subscription tools will now be added to the list and installed when you click the relevant

subscriptions (see Figure 27).

Figure 27: List of subscription tools.

After installation, you can open AutoCAD Civil 3D and see the selected subscriptions in

AutoCAD Civil 3D - some will even feature as a new tab (see Figure 28).

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Figure 28: New tab.

5.1 Geotechnical Module 2017

The Geotechnical Module 2017 (GM17) is an AutoCAD Civil 3D 2017 add-on created by

Keynetix for Autodesk and can be downloaded from the Subscription Center. With GM16, it is

possible to convert drilling samples (both digital and analogue) to intelligent 3D models for

planning, quantity takeoff, excavation, etc. By converting the drilling samples from 2D to 3D,

you can create a precise overview of handling of earthworks to ensure minimum waste and the

fewest possible moving operations.

Data for import

It is possible to use different types of file formats in GM17. In MTH, we use the .csv file format

(CSV separated by a semicolon).

Two .csv files with the following names will be generated:

1. Location Details.csv

2. Field Geological Descriptions.csv

The Location Details describe the different drilling sample locations. The Location Details must

contain columns showing:

- Location ID: Drilling sample name. It is important to also use the exact same name in

the Location Details.csv file, otherwise GM17 cannot compare the two .csv files

- Location Type: What type of test is it – geotechnical drilling, test pit, etc.

- Easting: X-coordinate with a comma before decimals

- Northing: Y-coordinate with a comma before decimals

- Ground Level: Level with a comma before decimals

Data must be written in the same field with a colon (:) as separator (see Figure 29).

Figure 29: Location Details.

The Field Geological Descriptions contains information on the different soil strata in the drilling

sample. The Field Geological Descriptions must contain columns showing the following data

(see Figure 30):

- Location ID: Drilling sample name. It is important to also use the exact same name in

the Location Details.csv file, otherwise GM17 cannot compare the two .csv files

- Depth Top: Top level of soil strata (Tip: Terrain level is always 0). A comma is inserted

before decimals

- Depth Base: Bottom level of soil strata. A comma is inserted before decimals

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- Legend Code: A code describing the material of the soil strata. Based on the Legend

Code, GM17 specifies the type of strata. It is therefore important to use the Legend

Codes consistently so that the same soil strata are given the same code. See Figure 30

- Geology Code: Naming of a Legend Code (see Figure 30)

- Geology Code 2: N/A

- BGS Lexicon: N/A

- Description: A copy of a description from a drilling sample (see Figure 32)

Legend Code Geology Code Danish Description Colour

101 TOPSOIL Muld

201 CLAY Ler

203 Sandy CLAY Sandet ler

206 Bouldery CLAY Moræneler

301 SILT Silt

401 SAND Sand

402 Clayey SAND Leret sand

501 Gravel Grus

601 Peat Tørv

701 Cobbles Brosten

805 CHALK Kalk

806 COAL Kul

Figure 30: Legend and Geology Code.

Data must be written in the same field with a colon (:) as separator (see Figure 31).

Compared to the work involved in GM17, this work is the most time-consuming as it is only

possible to generate this file manually.

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Figure 31: Field Geological Descriptions.

Example of creation of drilling samples for the Field Geological Descriptions.csv file.

First open the drilling sample, which will often be sent as a .pdf file (see Figure 32). Figure 32

shows an example of a drilling sample from the interactive map available from the Geological

Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS) showing various types of drilling sample . For more

details, see the section about the JUPITER drilling sample database below.

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Figure 32: Drilling sample example. Source: GEUS drilling sample database.

First line of Figure 32 will be:

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Figure 33: First line of Figure 27. Source: GEUS drilling sample database.

Second line of Figure 32 will be:

Figure 34: Second line of Figure 27. Source: GEUS drilling sample database.

The same principle will apply to the next soil strata in Figure 32.

If it is possible to receive data on the drilling samples digitally, it will make the creation of the

Field Geological Descriptions.csv file easier.

The JUPITER drilling sample database

If work is being carried out on the project without any drilling samples being made, older

drilling samples are available from the JUPITER drilling sample database of GEUS. The drilling

sample database contains different types of drilling samples. The geotechnical drilling samples

are marked orange (see Figure 35). By marking these drilling samples, you will be given

information on drilling date, coordinate, level and drilling sample as shown in Figure 32. The

JUPITER drilling sample database is available at the GEUS website – www.geus.dk.

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Figure 35: JUPITER drilling sample database. Source: GEUS drilling sample database.

Functions

First connect to the database Geotechnical Module, which is part of the installation. You will

connect to the Geotechnical Module by clicking Connect under Data Management (see Figure

36). You can also connect to common databases to enable other AutoCAD Civil 3D users to use

the same data.

Figure 36: Connecting to database in GM17.

Then click Login (see Figure 37).

Figure 37: Logging in to GM17.

A new project is created by clicking Create (see Figure 38).

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Figure 38: Creating a project by clicking Create.

As a minimum, you must fill in Project ID, Name, Status and Category, setting Status as Open

and Category as Default (see Figure 39).

Figure 39: Filling in project details.

Then open the project (see Figure 40).

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Figure 40: Opening project.

Now the two .csv files, prepared earlier in this section will be imported. They are imported by

clicking Import (see Figure 41).

Figure 41: Importing files.

First select CSV under File Format and Colon (:) under Delimiter (see Figure 42). Then click Add

and select the two .csv files. Finally, click Next.

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Figure 42: Importing .csv files.

The next window will show any problems with the .csv files (see Figure 43). Here it will be

indicated if a colon or the like is missing in one of the .csv files. If it says Valid opposite both

.csv files, there are no errors and you can click Next (see Figure 43).

Figure 43: File checking .csv files.

Then you click Next a couple of times and then Final.

Tip: By clicking the TOP icon, the image will zoom in on the drilling samples (see Figure 44).

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Figure 44: Clicking TOP to zoom in on drilling samples.

Figure 45: Locations.

Under Locations (see Figure 45) all drilling samples will be shown with coordinates (see Figure

46). Here it is also possible to close the samples in different views. By turning on Strip, legends

are shown for each drilling sample (see Figure 47).

Figure 46: Locations showing all drilling samples with coordinates.

Figure 47: Strip showing elevations for each drilling sample.

Under the function Strata, surfaces are generated between the strata of the drilling samples.

NB! It is therefore important to use the same Legend Codes in the .csv files.

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Figure 48: Strata.

By highlighting Top on the list of the different strata from the .csv files, you will automatically

generate an intelligent AutoCAD Civil 3D Surface of the top stratum (see Figure 49). Similarly,

by highlighting Base, you will generate an intelligent Surface of the base stratum is generated

(see Figure 49). Intelligent means that the Surface will change geometry automatically when

data is updated and that the Surfaces can be used for quantity takeoffs, etc.

Figure 49: Strata where Surfaces are generated.

The strata now appear both in the model (see Figure 50) and in Toolspace (see Figure 51). Tip:

Show the model using Visual Style – Shape for a good overview.

Figure 50: Surfaces in the model.

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Figure 51: Toolspace in AutoCAD Civil 3D.

Now it is not only possible to use the Surfaces for quantity takeoffs and planning, but also to

extract Profiles of multiple Alignments. To do this, click Create under Profile (see Figure 52).

Figure 52: Create, here Profiles are being generated.

First an Alignment is generated by clicking Create Alignment and drawing the desired alignment

(see Figure 53). Tip: The easiest way to do this is in Top View with 2D Viewframe as Visual

Style.

Figure 53: Create Alignment, here an Alignment is drawn in the model.

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Then select the Surfaces to form part of the longitudinal profile (see Figure 53), and finally click

Next. In the next window, click Finish, and then select the place in the drawing where you wish

to insert the Profile.

Figure 54: Profile.

It is now possible to change the appearance of the Profile by giving the strata different colours,

etc. (see Figure 54).

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6. BIM Models on the construction site

When starting up on-site BIM on civil works and infrastructure projects, it is important to get in

place several factors as early in the process as possible. Below follows a description of some of

these factors.

6.1 Fix points

Before starting up construction sites, one of the most important factors is the positioning of the

building in digital space, but this is also the factor that involves most problems. First, it is

important to create a large and wide net of fix points, i.e. a system with many points spread

out in the area both in the x and y plane, but indeed also in the datum. This net of fix points is

to help surveyors and machine operators to be sure that they work on the basis of correct field

positions. The net of fix points is ordered by a firm of surveyors. In MTH, we use LE34.

6.2 Site model

As early in the project process as possible, a site model must be started up in a Design tool or

a Preliminary project tool. First, enter all existing conditions such as terrain, existing buildings

and any existing pipes and cables. The site model will be extended as and when new

information and data are available. Before cranes, site accommodation etc. can be positioned in

the site model, it is important to know the correct positions of structures, excavations, etc.

6.3 Excavation

Excavation models are generated in AutoCAD Civil 3D. Excavation models are Surfaces which

can be used to generate quantity take-offs and cross sections. The Surfaces can also be used

directly for machine control and surveying (see 9.1 for more details). The excavation model

adds great value to the projects. An excavation model will provide:

More accurate excavations using machine control

More accurate quantities

Option to analyse earth moving operations

Detection of clashes with structures

Excavations are used for structures, Corridors (roads/railways), pipework, etc. See below for

more details.

Excavation for structures

Excavations for structures will usually be excavation for foundations and pits. Here the BIM

Model for the foundations will be added as an external reference in AutoCAD Civil 3D (see

section7.3). Based on the external reference, Feature lines are drawn along the bottom of the

foundations. These Feature lines can then be offset at the distance desired from slope foot to

the edge of the foundation. By using the Grading function, you can now create a slope with the

desired grading to the terrain surface (see Figure 55).

Figure 55: Excavation for structures.

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Excavation for Corridors

A Corridor is usually a road or railway model. A Corridor is a 3D object containing the 2D

objects Alignment, Profile and Assembly. When a Corridor is created, you can draw Surfaces

from the different layers in the structure of the Assembly. Here it is also possible to draw a

Surface from the datum line, i.e. the bottom of the Corridor which is used as excavation model

(see Figure 56).

Figure 56: Excavation for Corridor.

Excavation for pipes

Excavation for pipes will be described in further detail in the next edition of the BIM Manual

Civil Works and Infrastructure.

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7. Data extracts from BIM Models

7.1 Drawing production

AutoCAD Civil 3D offers several tools to automatically extract 2D drawings from BIM Models.

You can access these tools from the Output tab > Plan Production panel. The methods are used

to extract several drawings from a BIM Model at one go.

MTH has created different MTH Plan Production templates which are available for download at

MTH’s website (mth.dk). The MTH standard drawing header is contained in all MTH Plan

Production templates. All MTH Plan Production templates are copied to the internal drive (see

section 4.2) and modified for the current project where:

The drawing header is filled in

Legends are inserted

New tabs are made with other scales, drawing formats or drawing headers

Etc.

In this way, you create a MTH Plan Production template for each BIM Model, and the templates

are given the same name as the BIM Model.

Plan View

In Plan view a section is drawn horizontally from a given scale. If the project does not fit into

one drawing, AutoCAD Civil 3D automatically divides the project into several part drawings.

Figure 57 shows an example of an automatically generated plan of a road.

Figure 57: Plan View from Plan Production.

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How to create a Plan View:

1. Begin by clicking Create View Frames under Output and Plan Production (Figure 58).

Figure 58: Creating View Frames.

2. Choose Plan Only and the MTH_AutoCAD Civil 3D A1 Plan_DK.dwt template or the

MTH_AutoCAD Civil 3D A3 Plan_DK.dwt template depending on whether you work in

drawing format A3 or A1 (see Figure 59).

3. Remember to modify all templates in advance, and give them the same name as the

BIM Model (see section 7.1).

Figure 59: Creating View Frames – Sheets.

Plan and Profile

In Plan and Profile you draw a section horizontally and vertically on top of each other from a

given scale. If the project does not fit into one drawing, AutoCAD Civil 3D automatically divides

the project into several part drawings. Figure 60 shows an example of an automatically

generated Plan and Profile of a road.

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Figure 60: Plan and Profile.

How to create a Plan and Profile:

1. Begin by clicking Create View Frames under Output and Plan Production (see Figure

58).

2. Choose Plan and Profile and the MTH_AutoCAD Civil 3D A1 Plan+Profil_DK.dwt

template (see Figure 61).

3. Remember to modify all templates in advance, and give them the same name as the

BIM Model (see section 7.1).

Figure 61: Creating View Frames – Sheets.

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Section Sheets

To automatically extract Section Sheets, it is necessary to create a Sample Line Group and

produce Section Views in the BIM Model (see Figure 62).

NB! It is also possible to show quantity tables together with assemblies (see section 7.2).

Figure 62: Section Sheets.

How to create a Section Sheet:

1. Start by clicking Create Section Sheets under Output and Plan Production (see Figure

63).

Figure 63: Creating Section Sheets.

2. Then choose Alignment, Sample Line Group and Section View Group (see Figure 64).

Figure 64: Creating Section Sheets.

7.2 Quantity takeoffs

It is possible to perform AutoCAD Civil 3D quantity takeoffs in several ways. In this section, we

will describe the most common methods.

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Before the quantity takeoffs, it is important to decide on the bills of quantities as you need to

be able to compare the quantities with the bills of quantities to monitor the economic

development on the project.

The project contract generally also contains provisions on how often to perform quantity

takeoffs.

Volume Dashboard

The Volume Dashboard provides the exact quantity based on the project created. The quantity

takes the entire elevation difference between two Surfaces, cut & fill. The quantity itself will be

given as a Surface (TIN Volume Surface) based on level 0. The naming of this quantity TIN

Volume Surface must be based on Figure 65.

Figure 65: Naming of quantities.

Example of naming:

M_Pr_C_P_0-20_Test road

Quantity_Project_Quantity from Corridor_Datum_Station 0-20_Test road

NB! The free text is optional, but is used if there is a need for extra information in the name.

Compute Materials

Under Quantity takeoff criteria (see Figure 66) you can choose between different types of

quantity takeoffs.

- 4 layers refer to the structure of the Corridor.

- Cut & Fill (Volume) refers to whole excavation and filling quantities.

Figure 66: Computing materials.

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For Compute Materials, you can use different calculation methods (see Figure 66).

- Average End Area

- Prismoidal

- Composite Volume

Figure 67: Volume calculation methods.

The Average End Area method:

The Average End Area method calculates volumes by adding the area of a material type at one

station to the area of the material type at the next station and dividing the sum by two, then

multiplying the result by the distance between the sections (see Equation 1). With this method,

the volumes become increasingly precise the shorter the distance between the cross sections.

Equation 1: Average End Area.

The Prismoidal method:

The Prismoidal method is similar to the Average End Area method, but uses an additional cross

section at the middle of the two successive stations (see Equation 2).

Equation 2: Prismoidal.

Composite Volume:

To calculate composite volumes, AutoCAD Civil 3D creates polygons between sample lines and

then computes the bounded volumes of those polygons as in Volume Dashboard with the

polygons as limitations (see Figure 68).

Figure 68: The Composite method.

After having created one of the three Compute Materials, you can either print a table with the

volumes per cross section (see Figure 69), or you can attach a volume report to each cross

section (see Figure 70).

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Figure 69: Volume Report.

Figure 70: Section View with Volume Report.

7.3 Export from Revit to AutoCAD Civil 3D

If you wish to base your work in AutoCAD Civil 3D on a Revit model, you can export the Revit

model to a .dwg file. In the export box (see Figure 71), tick Meter and Shared to place the

Revit model correctly in the coordinate system and the meter system used in AutoCAD Civil 3D.

NB! This is only possible if the coordinate system basis used for the Revit model is Shared.

Figure 71: Export from Revit to .dwg.

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8. Quality control of BIM Models

Quality control (QC) of BIM Models is a very important pre-release procedure. This procedure is

often given low priority. Below, we describe why quality control is an important and natural part

of the modeling process.

Section 2.3 on Common Data Environment (CDE) describes three procedures for quality control

of BIM Models:

Approved

Authorised

Verified

The three QC procedures involve different approaches to control quality as described in this

chapter. See examples of these quality control procedures in Appendix 3 Example of QC of

BIM Models.

8.1 Approved

The Approved procedure is the most comprehensive of the three procedures. With the

Approved procedure, the BIM Model goes from Work in Progress to Shared.

There are four separate QC methods for BIM Models in Approved:

Self-checking BIM Model technical QC

Design Engineer QC

Approval

Documentation for the BIM Model technical QC, Design Engineer QC and Approval processes is

required, whereas Self-checking is merely intended as a help to ensure that the BIM Models

are as good as possible before QC. The documentation will be saved to allow you to go back

and make sure that the QC method was completed and by whom, when, etc.

For a description of the different roles in the QC methods, see section 2.1.

Self-checking

Self-checking is the control of own work. Many already regard this process as a natural step

before passing the project on to another party. As previously mentioned, documentation for

self-checking is not required.


BIM Model technical QC is performed by the BIM Coordinator or another BIM employee. BIM

Model technical QC is based on the document BIM-model technical QC.xlsx (see Figure 72). The

document should be seen as a checklist ensuring that all elements are included in the BIM

Model and as a clash and consistency detection tool in relation to other BIM Models on the

project. For each BIM Model, each item on the checklist must be checked off to determine

whether it is:

Yes, perfect

Yes, but not 100%

No

When all items on the checklist have been checked off and the document is signed by the BIM

Coordinator, including name and date, it will be passed on to the Designer. The Designer will

rectify the items ticked off as Yes, but not 100% and No. When the Designer has rectified the

BIM Model, the process will start all over again. When all items have been ticked off as Yes,

perfect, the document will be passed on to the Approver.

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An important part of BIM Model technical QC is clash detection (se item 5.0 of Figure 72).The

ICT Agreement describes how and how often clash detection is to be performed.

Yes,

perfe

ct

Yes,

bu

t n

ot

10

0%

No,

does n

ot

com

ply

Not

ap

pli

cab

le

Comments

1.0 Files

1.1 File format

1.1.1 - The model was received in original file format

1.1.2 - The model was received in LandXML

1.1.3 - The model was received as a viewer file

1.2 The model received is in the agreed format

1.3 A file naming structure has been complied with

2.0 Coordination

2.1 Shared reference points have been used (ICT Performance Specification A102, part 4: Digital design)

2.2 A common coordinate system has been used (ICT Performance Specification A102, part 4: Digital design)

2.3 The model block has been filled in, see section 3.4 in BIM Manual Civil Works and Infrastructure

2.4 The objects are named according to section 4.5 of the BIM Manual civil works and infrastructure

2.5 Is the layer structure correct?

3.0 Modelling technique

3.1 Break lines and Surfaces are aligned

3.2 Have the reference systems been used (section 4.3 of the BIM Manual Civil Works and Infrastructure)

3.3 Is the model consistent

3.4 Objects do not overlap

3.5 No objects are missing

4.0 Contents

4.1 The model contains the expected objects

4.2 The model seems to be complete and adequate

5.0 Clash detection

5.1 There are no clashes in the model

5.2 There are no clashes with the drainage model

5.3 There are no clashes with the construction model

5.4 There are no clashes with the excavation model

5.5 There are no clashes with the road/railway model

5.6 There are no clashes with the finished terrain

6.0 Take-off

6.1 2D drawings are a take-off from the model? (section 6.1 of the BIM Manual Civil Works and Infrastructure)

6.2 Are quantities a take-off from the model? (section 6.2 of the BIM Manual Civil Works and Infrastructure)

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Yes

So

me e

ffo

rt

req

uir

ed

No

t even

clo

se

No

7.0 Can the model be used for …

7.1 Design review

7.2 Clash detection

7.3 Quantity take-off

7.4 Visualisation of construction programme

7.5 Visualisation of the construction project and structural parts

7.6 Machine control

7.7 Surveying

7.8 Production planning where time schedule is coupled with 3D model

7.9 Financial planning where time schedule and finances are coupled with 3D model

Figure 72: BIM Model technical QC list.

Design Engineer QC

In QCs of non-BIM Model technical aspects such as modeling technique and clash detection, the

Design Engineer must check geometry, joints, etc. These types of QC can be performed in two

ways:

QC of 2D drawings

QC of BIM Models

QC of 2D drawings

The method is a traditional QC where the Designer extracts 2D views from the BIM Model. The

extracts must be made as Plan Production (see section 7.1) with Plan, Profile and Assembly and

as 3D views of the BIM Model. The drawings will be handed over to the Design Engineer in hard

copy, who will then comment on the drawings in the old-fashioned way using different colours.

This process will continue until the Design Engineer is satisfied with the BIM Model.

QC of BIM Models

In this method, the Designer makes a QC Navisworks.nwd file for the Design Engineer, who

performs the control. This file can be opened in Navisworks Simulate. The Design Engineer can

navigate, but not change the geometry in Navisworks Simulate. In addition, the Design

Engineer can show/hide layers, make sections and write comments on specific aspects of the

BIM Model for the Designer. The Navisworks file will then be returned to the Designer, who can

now adjust the BIM Model according to the Design Engineer’s comments. The process continues

in the same Navisworks file until the Design Engineer is satisfied with the BIM Model as it is

possible to change the status of the comments from New to Active, Approved or Resolved. The

Navisworks file will be saved as documentation of the quality control work. See examples in

Appendix 3 Example of QC of BIM Models.

Approval

When the three first items of the Approved procedure (Self-checking, BIM Model technical QC

and Design Engineer QC) have been completed, the BIM Model is to be approved. This process

is handled by a project or design manager.

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8.2 Authorised

The Authorised procedure is less comprehensive than the Approved procedure. In the

Authorised procedure, the BIM Model goes from Shared to Published.

The Authorised procedure only involves two separate QC methods: BIM Model technical QC (see section 8.1)

Approval (see section 8.1)

The Design Engineer is not a necessity in this process as the geometry of the BIM Model has

not changed since the Approved process.

8.3 Verified

The Verified process comes after Published. Here the BIM Model will be approved by the person

requesting the model – in most cases, the client.

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9. Exchange

9.1 Machine control and surveying

Machine control and surveying are still a relatively new process for “non-surveyors” in MTH.

The area is currently changing rapidly. Machine control and surveying are based on Leica's

iCON system. This system accepts the following files:

.trm (terrain model from iCON office)

.geo (line file from iCON office)

.lok (coordinate system from iCON office)

.dxf

LandXML

Excavation

Machine control files for excavation are created in iCON office. This program requires a licence.

The machine needs both .trm and .geo files as the two files together provide a good overview

of the project. .trm files show the surface and .geo files show where the break lines of the

surface are located. The loading of break lines into the machine makes it easier for the machine

operator to see where the surface gradient changes. .trm and .geo files can also be loaded into

the controller using a total station or a rover so as to allow the project team to check the work

while it is being done.

Construction

Revit, Tekla and other design files can be loaded into the controller on the total station/rover

using the .dxf format. The .dxf files can be loaded as background maps and as reference data.

If used as a background map, the file will be a "dead" object in the background of the

controller. If the file is used as reference data, you will be able to "snap" lines and Points and

thereby set out foundations etc.

Pipework

When modeling pipe networks in AutoCAD Civil 3D, it is important to create a Feature line at

the bottom of all pipes. It is this Feature line that will be used in the controller in the field. The

reason why only Feature lines are being used here is to feed as little data as possible into the

controller to minimise "noise". Instead it is possible to add labels to features lines describing

pipes and wells. The labels must as a minimum include the following information:

Pipe/wire:

Pipe/cable name/material

Pipe/cable dimensions

Gradient per thousand

Gradient/direction arrow

Well:

Well name/material

Well dimensions

Level of inlet (It may also stand on pipe inlets)

Level of outlet (It may also stand on pipe outlets)

Bottom level of well

Level of cover of well

When using the AutoCAD Civil 3D 2017_DK_DDA.dwt template (see section 3.1), use the

Standard [DDA] labels style to include the above information as labels in the Pipe network

model.

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9.2 Formats

The next sub-sections describe the file formats that can be sent from AutoCAD Civil 3D.

Original file (.dwg)

The original file contains all intelligent AutoCAD Civil 3D objects and related reference data,

both External References and Data Shortcuts (see section 4.3).

Exported (.dwg/.dxf)

The .dwg and .dxf formats are exported versions of the original file for AutoCAD Civil 3D. In

connection with the export, all referenced files will become part of the BIM Model. However, all

object will be Exploded to dead Polylines. But the Polylines will keep the layer structure from

the objects. In exported files, the letters ACAD_ will be added as a prefix to the file name.

LandXML

LandXML is a special format created for the exchange of civil works and infrastructure models.

The LandXML format is particularly good as the objects do not lose intelligence during the

export/import process, i.e. the objects remain objects with all the property data they contain.

The following types of objects can be exported to LandXML:

Points

Alignments

Surfaces

Pipe networks

Sites

Corridors

Tip: When BIM Models are exchanged with the LandXML format, the layer structure will not be

transferred

Text files (.txt)

A .txt file is a text file containing Points. When modeling Points, you can export them to a list in

a .txt file.

Digital plot

In AutoCAD Civil 3D it is possible to create both .pdf and .dwf files. The format depends on the

project’s ICT Performance Specification A102, part 4: Digital design (A102, del 4: Digital

projektering, tidligere IKT-teknisk CAD-specifikation). See also section 6.1 on drawing

production.

.ifc

As a new feature, AutoCAD Civil 3D can now export to .ifc.

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10. Lists

10.1 List of abbreviations

BIM Building Information Model

CDE Common Data Environment

DDA Det Digitale Anlæg (The digital civil works) is

a project cooperation between the danish

Vejdirektoratet, BaneDanmark, FRI, Femern

A/S and Danske Anlægsentreprenører.

(detdigitaleanlæg.dk)

DKTM Danish Coordinate System

DVR90 Danish elevation system

GEUS The Geological Survey of Denmark and

Greenland

GM17 Geotechnical Module 2017

ICT Information and Communication Technology

MTH MT Højgaard A/S

QC Quality control

X-ref External references used as underlay in

AutoCAD Civil 3D.

10.2 List of formats

.dgn Microstation format

.dwf Digital plot from Autodesk

.dwg AutoCAD format

.geo Line file from iCON

.ifc Exchange format for building projects

.landXML Exchange format for civil works and

infrastructure projects

.lok Location file from iCON

.nwd Navisworks Freedom format

.pdf Digital plot from Adobe

.trm Terrain file from iCON

.txt Text file

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10.3 List of Softwares

AutoCAD Civil 3D AutoCAD Civil 3D is a BIM design tool for civil

works and infrastructure projects, where from

quantities and drawings can be extracted.

CityEngine CityEngine is a visualisation tool for city

planning, architecture and design.

DynaRoads DynaRoads is a planning tool to lineare civil

works and infrastructure projects.

iCON Office In iCON Office the BIM Models are prepared

for surveying and machine control

InfraWorks (360) InfraWorks is a visualisation tool for city

planning, architecture and design.

Microstation Inroads Microstation Inroads is a BIM design tool for

civil works and infrastructure projects, where

from quantities and drawings can be

extracted.

Navisworks In Navisworks various models are compared

at the same time. The programme works well

for QC and planning

Revit Revit is a BIM design tool for building

projects, where from quantities and drawings

can be extracted

11. Appendices

11.1 Appendix 1 Effective Data Flow

11.2 Appendix 2 Example of Common Data Environment (CDE)

11.3 Appendix 3 Example of QC of BIM Models

11.4 Appendix 4 Naming of objects


Appendix 1 Effective Data Flow

December 2016/LOSK +45 22709597 [email protected]


The effective data flow diagram is a description of the effective BIM collaboration and thus

synergies arising from MT Højgaard’s (MTH) insight and competencies, choice of software

program and processes when using BIM on civil works and infrastructure projects.

The effective data flow, Figure 1, describes how data can be transferred effectively, using BIM

throughout the civil engineering process, and contains several work processes with a choice of

programs/formats. They will be described further in this Appendix. The effective data flow

supports effective BIM collaboration on projects if the right tools and skills are available and

can be used for all types of civil works and infrastructure projects such as roads, railways,

bridges, tunnels and land developments.

Figure 1: The effective data flow.

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Two modelling tools Figure 1 the top of Figure 1, InfraWorks and AutoCAD Civil 3D, and the

options for further processing of the BIM models in other programs are visualised at the bottom

of Figure 1. The arrows between the programs indicate the direction and sequence of the data

flow. An active interaction in all phases of the project adds great value as the software

programs offer entirely different tools and information is transferred without loss of data. To

read more about this, see Processes in section a. AutoCAD Civil 3D to InfraWorks and vice

versa.

The software programs and the work processes in Figure 1 are numbered and subsequently

described. Numbers denote tools/programs, and letters denote processes. The description of

each work process includes an example of a work process. The example is based on a new

fictive road section with a bridge crossing the road.

The InfraWorks and AutoCAD Civil 3D programs are the cornerstone of MTH’s selection of

software programs. These two programs are both intelligent and dynamic in their interaction.

Tools/programs

1. Preliminary project tool

The InfraWorks program is used as a Preliminary project tool to create conceptual designs of

different solutions and to present processes and solutions. The program supports the design

and visualisation processes in AutoCAD Civil 3D. InfraWorks comes with the same AutoDesk

Design suite as AutoCAD Civil 3D.

It is possible to extract data on existing conditions (terrain, orthophotos, buildings, drain grat-

ings and roads) from the website of the Danish Geodata Agency (Geodatastyrelsen) into the

program. The process of exchanging files between AutoCAD Civil 3D and InfraWorks is very dy-

namic (see section a) which means that objects designed in AutoCAD Civil 3D can become part

of the InfraWorks model and vice versa. The InfraWorks model can be exported to the .fbx file

format which is recognizable by Navisworks, and in that way, the model can be used by all pro-

ject parties using the Navision Freedom viewer software (see Figure 2).

Figure 2: .fbx export in Navisworks.

In InfraWorks it is also possible to make analyses of BIM models such as roadway curves, anal-

yses of visibility from cars, profile optimisation and shade conditions. When buying the extend-

ed version of InfraWorks called InfraWorks 360, you also buy in the road, bridge and drainage

design modules.

2. Design tool

AutoCAD Civil 3D is used as a design tool for civil works and infrastructure projects. The soft-

ware can design and optimise alignments, profiles, road constructions, excavations, levelling,

etc. The software program can automatically generate quantity takeoffs, cross sections, plan

and profile views so that drawing production will constitute only a small part of the overall de-

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tailing process, see Chapter 7 of the BIM Manual for roads and earthworks. The software is also

part of the Autodesk Design Suite Infrastructure which also contains:

AutoCAD. All general AutoCAD functions

AutoCAD Map 3D. This is the GIS function in AutoCAD Civil 3D. This tool can be used to

enter and analyse various land surveying formats, such as terrain models and ortho-

photos from the Danish Geodata Agency (Geodatastyrelsen)

Storm and Sanitary analysis. This is an analysis product for Pipe networks in AutoCAD

Civil 3D. This tool can be used to check whether the capacity of rainwater pipes is large

enough considering rainfall intensity.

AutoCAD Raster Design. A program which can convert images to . dwg vector objects.

ReCap reads measured data (laser scans) and converts it to .rcs or .rcp files which can

be opened directly in AutoCAD Civil 3D, InfraWorks, Revit, etc.

Navisworks Simulate collects all models

InfraWorks

3. Production planning

Production planning represents a wider range of BIM initiatives for the planning of projects and

processes, e.g.:

Site model (InfraWorks, Revit)

4D (Navisworks)

Visualisation of critical processes/building components (Navisworks)

Materials and logistics optimisation (Dynaroads)

By planning the construction activities and processes from start to finish already in the design

phase, most challenges are taken into account before the execution of the works. This will for

instance minimise unforeseen costs and production stoppage and reduce fuel consumption and

CO2 emissions – and ultimately shorten construction time.

4. BIM detailed project planning

The BIM detailed project plan is created in AutoCAD Civil 3D, Tekla or Revit. The sketch models

in InfraWorks can be exported to the programs mentioned above. This creates synergies be-

tween the programs and ensures that the geometry of the sketch project is identical to the ge-

ometry of the detailed project, thereby making sure that all project parties use the same ge-

ometry. And a better coordinated design is achieved.

5. Earth optimisation

Dynaroads is used for the detailed planning of earth logistics. Dynaroads is a state-of-the-art

tool designed specifically for the planning and management of large linear infrastructure pro-

jects such as roads and railways. The software program consists of three coherent functions:

mass-haul optimisation, scheduling and an interactive map.

The mass-haul optimisation module creates cut-fill analyses based on actual quantities and cal-

culated haul distances. As a result, the software program delivers valid data for quotations and

production based on calculations rather than estimates. The scheduling module provides a loca-

tion-based schedule which can be planned directly in map view, enabling planning and visuali-

sation of logistics and other complex elements as well as traffic arrangements. Dynaroads dif-

fers from other similar software tools by chaining the modules described together to ensure

consistency between map view, schedule and mass haul at all times.

Moreover, Dynaroads can be used throughout the project process from design to handover as

the tool covers both planning and production. Therefore, there is no need to convert data be-

tween different software programs, and that eliminates the risk of losing large parts of relevant

information in a phase shift.

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Dynaroads is also used to optimise earth logistics to minimise haul distances and intermediate

landfilling, thereby reducing resource use. Dynaroads uses calculated quantities from the Auto-

CAD Civil 3D models embedded in the geotechnical surveys of soil conditions. In this way, all

excavated material is defined as top soil, recyclable soil, non-recyclable soil, moist soil, chalk,

etc. The built-in areas are also defined in relation to whether there must be room for top soil,

recyclable soil, non-recyclable soil, moist soil, chalk, etc.

The project schedule is entered in Dynaroads to allow the software program to consider when

and in what areas excavation is being carried out and when it is time to deliver soil to the built-

in areas. Dynaroads considers all conditions relating to soil type and execution order and can

calculate the most optimum mass-haul logistics for projects. Dynaroads can also visualise activ-

ities in the areas. It is used in both small compact areas with many activities to be coordinated

and in the overall plan to visualise main activities over large distances. The visualisation is a

powerful tool to inform and instruct construction team in the field on the planned progress of

the project.

6. Machine control and surveying

Machine control and surveying are performed in Leicas iCON geo system. BIM models from

Revit, Tekla and AutoCAD Civil 3D can be inserted in the tablet/controller, and these models

are used as a basis for all earthworks and plotting of various functions. The work performed

can also be measured automatically for control and as-built documentation.

Processes

a. Preliminary project tool to Design tool and vice versa

An entirely new file format has been developed for the interaction between AutoCAD Civil 3D

and InfraWorks – the .imx format. The two software tools can both import and export the .imx

format which ensures that the intelligent objects in both tools do not lose information during

the conversion.The .imx format can contain Surfaces, Alignments and Profiles, i.e. ordinary Au-

toCAD Civil 3D objects (except for Corridors).

Example of dataflow from InfraWorks to AutoCAD Civil 3D:

Sketch project of a new road system created in InfraWorks on the basis of existing conditions

retrieved from the website of the Danish Geodata Agency (Geodatastyrelsen),see Figure 3. Sur-

faces, Alignments and Profiles are exported to .imx and imported in AutoCAD Civil 3D. The im-

port is shown in Figure 4 where the green surface is the existing terrain and the red surface is

the new road system. The red line below the surfaces is the alignment. In AutoCAD Civil 3D, it

is possible to work further on the model or extract information such as quantities (see Figure

5), sections, 2D drawings, etc).

Figure 3: Sketch project of new road system in InfraWorks.

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Figure 4: Exported .imx file in AutoCAD Civil 3D.

Figure 5: Quantity take off directly from information in the .imx file.

From AutoCAD Civil 3D to InfraWorks:

Road model (Corridor with surface, see Figure 6) is exported to .imx and imported into Infra-

Works, which already shows existing conditions such as terrain, orthophotos and the building.

After this, it is possible to create visualisations for presentation (see Figure 7), site models, vis-

ibility analyses (see Figure 8), sun/shade analyses, profile optimisations (see Figure 9), etc.

Figure 6: Road model in AutoCAD Civil 3D.

Figure 7: Visualisation of road model in InfraWorks.

Figure 8: Sight Distance analysis in InfraWorks.

Figure 9: Profile optimisation in InfraWorks.

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b. From Preliminary project tool and Design tool to Production planning

Production planning is a broad concept when speaking about software tools and processes. In

this document, we use:

b1 Site model (Revit, InfraWorks)

b2 Visualisation of critical processes/building components (InfraWorks)

b3 Materials and logistics optimisation (Dynaroad)

b1 Site model (Revit, InfraWorks)

Site models are made using building site objects (e.g. cranes, containers, signs, etc.) in Revit

or InfraWorks. The site model gives a good view of the construction site and can be updated as

the project progresses.

Figure 10 and 11 show the development of a site model with a crossing bridge. The model in-

cludes a crane, areas for site accommodation and materials stock (red and green area), interim

road and vehicles.

Figure 10: Site model from InfraWorks, phase 1.

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Figure 11: Site model from InfraWorks, phase 2.

b2 Visualisation of critical processes/building components (InfraWorks)

InfraWorks is used for visualisation of critical processes, e.g. crane lifts, fencing, interim

measures, health and safety and scaffolds. It can also be useful to visualise carriage roads etc.

if there is little space around the site. Visualisations make it possible to think the critical pro-

cess/building component through and to find a useful and tested solution.

b3. Materials and logistics optimisation (Dynaroad)

Dynaroads is used for materials and logistics optimisation. For more information, please see

section d below.

c. From Preliminary project tool and Design tool to BIM detailed projevt planning

Several different software tools can be used for the BIM detailed project planning (see section

0). Surfaces, Alignments and Profiles are exported using the .imx file format. The rest of the

objects are imported/exported using .fbx, .dwg or .LandXML. Below are examples of the de-

tailed project planning from InfraWorks.

Example of export of .imx from InfraWorks to AutoCAD Civil 3D:

The .imx file contains surfaces, alignments and profiles. The objects are intelligent, which

means that they contain the same information from the InfraWorks model. To read more about

this, see section a.

Figure 12: Export from InfraWorks to .imx.

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Example of export of .fbx from InfraWorks to AutoCAD Civil 3D, Revit and Tekla:

Export using .fbx gives Mesh objects (i.e. surface objects). These objects can be imported into

AutoCAD Civil 3D, Revit and Tekla. And creates the outer geometry of the bridge to be devel-

oped further in the different tools (see examples in Figure 13 to Figure 15).

Figure 13: Export of .fbx model from InfraWorks to AutoCAD Civil 3D.

Figure 14: Export of .fbx model from InfraWorks to Revit.

Figure 15: Export of .fbx model from InfraWorks to Tekla.

d. From Design tool to Dynaroad and vice versa

Earth quantities are imported into Dynaroads from Excel. The quantities in Excel are generated

in AutoCAD Civil 3D, in which they are analysed and segmented according to application. On

that basis, Dynaroads calculates location parameters and haul distances and thereby visualises

areas where vertical changes on the alignment or other design changes can be made with ad-

vantage. If possible, adjust the design in AutoCAD Civil 3D on the basis of the calculations in

Dynaroads, and then recalculate the quantities and reimport them into Dynaroads. The process

runs iteratively until the optimum solution is found.

Today, the majority of planned alignments do not consider earth classes and haul distances,

but are designed on the basis of a general soil balance. That means that areas with non-

recyclable soil require a lot of transportation and consequently high costs and time consump-

tion.

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e. From Design tool to Machine control and surveying and vice versa

An exported AutoCAD Civil3D dxf file is imported into iCON office to generate a terrain model

(.trm), a coordinate system (.lok) and an alignment file (.geo). The files can be used for ma-

chine control and in a total station. The machine can also measure in points during perfor-

mance of work for control and as-built documentation. These points are exported to .txt file or

.dxf file.

Figure 16 shows the project as it is displayed on the tablet/controller on the total station. It

shows the terrain file and the alignment file with reference points plotted in the field. In the

machine house, the operator sees the terrain file and the break lines included in the .geo file

(see Figure 17).

Figure 16: Image from the tablet on the total station.

Figure 17: Image from the tablet in the machine house.

f. Handover

Handover may consist of quantities, production drawings, visualisation, parts lists, presentation

model, schedule, as-built, etc.


Appendix 2 Example of Common Data Environment (CDE)



The Common Data Environment (CDE) originates from the British PAS 1192-2:2013. CDE is

shown in diagram format in Figure 1. A CDE describes the structure for exchange and release

of BIM models both internally in the project team, but also to the client.

After BIM has become the cornerstone of civil works and infrastructure projects, it is no longer

possible to work directly according to old procedures. It applies to all BIM processes in the pro-

jects and of quality control (QC) and exchange of BIM models in particular. All industry profes-

sionals need to think in new structures and new processes. CDE was developed for the purpose

of supporting the structure surrounding the exchange and release of BIM models.

Figure 1: Common Data Environment (CDE) from PAS 1192-2:2013.

Figure 1 shows the journey of a BIM model from start to finish. Each individual BIM model will

have its own route to handover, but a common feature for all BIM models is that they must all

of 5

go through the elements shown in the figure one or more times.

Figure1 contains four model areas and three QC processes. The QC processes take place in be-

tween the four model areas Work in progress, Shared, Published and Archive. The three QC

processes Approved, Authorised and Verified contain three different QC stages.

Below, a random BIM model’s journey is described and explained based on CDE (see Figure 1).

The BIM model in question is a road model to be adapted to a bridge structure and a drainage

project (see Figure 2).

Figure 2: Example of the common model of road, bridge and drainage.

Work in Progress, Part 1

The road model (ROAD) is started in the design tool based on the client’s alignment and bridge

clearance gauge data. At the same time, the other disciplines will begin to design the bridge

model (BRIDGE) and the drainage model (DRAIN) based on the same data from the client (see

Figure 3). All Work in Progress groups work on internal drives.

Figure 3: Work in Progress, Part 1.

Approved, Part 1

Before the three BIM models are to go through the approval and quality control process Ap-

proved, the Shared model is created. The Shared model is a clean BIM model containing only

ROAD

DRAIN

BRIDGE

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data relevant to the QC process. Each Work in Progress group carries out the Approved pro-

cess.

The Approved process includes four separate QC methods for the BIM models (see BIM Manual

for roads and earthworks, Chapter 8, and Appendix 3 for more information).

Shared, Part 1

When the BIM models have been approved in the QC process Approved, they will be uploaded

to the Shared area which will be a project web to which everybody has access. When the BIM

model has been uploaded to the Shared area, the other teams (Work in Progress) can down-

load the BIM model and use it as the basis for their own designs. At the same time, the BIM

models will be uploaded to the Archive folder. In the Archive folder, a version and revision

number will be added to the BIM model name (see Figure 4), and here all versions and revi-

sions of the BIM models will be available.

Figure 4: Shared, Part 1.

WIP, Part 2

After the bridge and drainage models have also been uploaded to the Shared area, they can be

downloaded as an references to the road model (see Figure 5). The road model will then have

its geometry adjusted to the bridge and drainage models. If there are challenges involved in

adjusting the BIM models, a meeting will be scheduled where the different teams can discuss

and find a solution to the challenges.

ROAD

DRAIN

BRIDGE

ROAD 01.00

DRAIN 01.00 BRIDGE 01.00

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Figure 5: Work in Progress, Part 2.

Approved, Part 2

The adjusted road model will now go through the exact same quality and approval processes as

under Approved, Part 1. When the road model has been approved, a new version will be up-

loaded to the Shared area.

Shared, Part 2

When the second version of the road model is uploaded to the Shared folder, a version of the

road model will also be placed in the Archive folder and assigned version number 2 (see Figure

6).

Figure 6: Shared, Part 2.

Authorised, Part 1

When the road model has been adjusted to the bridge and drainage models, the road model

will go through the quality and authorisation process called Authorised.

The Authorised procedure includes only two separate QC methods (see BIM Manual for earth-

works and road works, Chapter 8, and Appendix 3 for more information).

ROAD 01.00

DRAIN 01.00

BRIDGE 01.00

Road

DRAIN

BRIDGE

Road

DRAIN

BRIDGE

ROAD

DRAIN

BRIDGE

ROAD 01.00


ROAD 02.00

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Published, Part 1

When the road model has been Authorised in the above process, the BIM model will be released

to the client. At the same time, the BIM model will be placed in the Archive folders and as-

signed revision number 1 (see Figure 7).

Figure 7: Published, Part 1.

Verified, Part 1

When the BIM model is Verified, the client has approved the BIM model.

ROAD

DRAIN

BRIDGE

ROAD 01.00


ROAD 02.00 ROAD 02.01

ROAD


Appendix 3 Example of QC of BIM Model



This Appendix shows examples of the four quality control (QC) methods:

Self-checking


Design Engineer QC

Approval

The quality control methods are included in the three QC procedures in Common Data

Environment (CDE) Approved, Authorised and Vertified. This appendix will not describe when to

use the different QC methods. For information about when to use the different QC methods,

see section 2.3 of BIM Manual for roads and earthworks and Appendix 2 Example of Common

Data Environment.

The example in this Appendix is based on a Corridor of a railway section of about 300 m.

Self-checking

Self-checking is control of the designer’s own work. Many already regard this process as natural

before passing the project on to another party. Documentation for the self-checking is not re-

quired. An example of a check list for self-check is given in figure 1.

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Check list Check

The BIM Model contains reference points

The objects are placed in the right coordinates (coordinate system)

The model block has been filled in

The correct layer structure has been used

The objects have been named correctly

Break lines and surfaces match

Is the consistency in the BIM Model

Are there clashes in the BIM Model

Figure 1: Check list for self-check.

You can post the check list for self-check on the noticeboard so that it is always to hand.


The BIM Model technical QC is carried out by the BIM Coordinator or Designer, but the BIM Co-

ordinator is responsible for the work being carried out. The BIM Model technical QC is also

based on a check list to check whether all components are included in the BIM Model and

whether there are clashes and consistency with other BIM Models on the project.

A BIM Model technical QC Excel file is generated for each issue to the Shared or Published files.

The BIM Model technical QC check list is copied in with the same number of sheets as the num-

ber of BIM Models to be issued/quality controlled. The BIM Model technical QC sheets are

named according to the name of the BIM model, e.g. Model X (see Figure 2 and Figure 3).

Figure 2: The sheet Model name is copied to the number of BIM Models to be issued.

Figure 3: Model X.

of 11

Model name, date and initials are written at the top of each sheet (see Figure 4).

Figure 4: Model name, date and initials.

The top part of the sheet (see Figure 5) shows how the file is received. Tick the relevant boxes.

If the questions are not relevant, then tick the Not applicable box. In this case, the file naming

structure has clearly not been followed, and therefore the No, missing box in section 1.3 has

been ticked. If necessary, comments may be added in the right-hand column.

Y

es,

perfe

ct

Yes,

bu

t n

ot

10

0%

No,

does n

ot

com

ply

Not

ap

pli

cab

le

Comments

1.0 Files

1.1 File format

1.1.1 - The model was received in original file format x

1.1.2 - The model was received in LandXML x

1.1.3 - The model was received as a viewer file x

1.2 The model received is in the agreed format x

1.3 A file naming structure has been complied with x

Figure 5: 1.0 Files.

In the next part of the sheet (see Figure 6), we look at whether all background data for the BIM

Model is in place. In this example, the legend has not been filled in, and the object names have

not been named correctly, and therefore, the No, does not comply box has been ticked. If nec-

essary, comments may be added in the right-hand column.

2.0 Coordination

2.1 Shared reference points have been used (IKT-specifikationen A102, del 4: Digi-tal projektering) (ICT Performance Specification A102, part 4: Digital design)

x

2.2 A common system of coordinates has been used (IKT-specifikationen A102, del

4: Digital projektering) (ICT Performance Specification A102, part 4: Digital de-

sign)

x

2.3 The model block has been filled in, see section 3.4 in BIM Manual Civil Works

and Infrastructure

x

2.4 The objects are named according to section 4.5 in BIM Manual Civil Works and Infrastructure

x

2.5 Is the layer structure correct? x

Figure 6: 2.0 Coordination.

The next part of the sheet (see Figure 7) shows the modelling technology of the BIM model. In

this example, all points have been performed satisfactorily. If necessary, comments may be

added in the right-hand column.

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3.0 Modelling technique

3.1 Break lines and surfaces are aligned x

3.2 Have the reference systems been used (section 4.3 in BIM Manual Civil Works

and Infrastructure)

x

3.3 Is the model consistent? x

3.4 Objects do not overlap x

3.5 No objects are missing x

Figure 7: 3.0 Modelling technology.

The next part of the sheet (see Figure 8) shows the content of the BIM Model. In this example,

the Yes, but not 100% box has been ticked in response to the question of whether the BIM

Model works satisfactorily. In the comments box, it has been explained why.

4.0 Contents

4.1 The model contains the expected objects x

4.2

The model seems to be complete and adequate

x

No connection to ex-isting terrain several

places

Figure 8: 4.0 Contents.

The next part of the sheet (see Figure 9) is based on clash detection recognizing conflicts in the

project’s remaining BIM Models. In this example, the Yes, but not 100% box has been ticked in

case of clashes with the drain model. A clash detection report is generated and attached to the

quality control. In this context, Yes, but not 100% means that there are a couple of clashes in

the BIM Model, but that they are not critical.

5.0 Clash detection

5.1 There are no clashes in the model x

5.2

There are no clashes with the drainage model

x See clash detection

5.3 There are no clashes with the structure model x

5.4 There are no clashes with the excavation model x

5.5 There are no clashes with the road/railway model x

5.6 There are no clashes with the finished terrain x

Figure 9: 5.0 Clash detection.

The next part of the sheet (see Figure 10) is based on whether the take-offs are a direct ele-

ment of the BIM Model. In this case, both 2D drawings and quantities are taken off directly. If

necessary, comments may be added in the right-hand column.

6.0 Take-off

6.1 2D drawings are a take-off from the model? (section 6.1 of the BIM Manual Civil Works and Infrastructure)

x

6.2 Are quantities a take-off from the model? (section 6.2 of the BIM Manual for

Civil Works and Infrastructure)

x

Figure 10: 6.0 Take-off.

The final part of the sheet (see Figure 11) is based on possibilities of the BIM Model. Here it is

assessed whether the BIM Model is ready for visualisation, quantity take-off, etc. In the com-

ments field to the right, you can describe in further detail what the BIM Model is lacking in

terms of fulfilment of the points.

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Yes

Som

e e

ffort

req

uir

ed

Not

even

clo

se

No

7.0 Can the model be used for …

7.1 Review and design review x

7.2 Clash detection x

7.3 Quantity take-off x

7.4 Visualisation of construction programme x

7.5 Visualisation of the construction project and building components x

7.6 Machine control X

7.7 Surveying x

7.8

Production planning where time schedule is coupled with 3D model

x

The model must be di-

vided into smaller parts

7.9

Financial planning where time schedule and finances are coupled with 3D

model

x

The model must be di-

vided into smaller parts

Figure 11: 7.0 Can the model be used for

Design Engineer QC

In QCs of non-BIM Model technical aspects, the Design Engineer must check geometry, joints,

etc. These types of QC can be performed in two ways:

As a traditional quality control of 2D drawings (QC of 2D drawings)

In Navisworks Simulate with the BIM Model (QC of building information models)

QC of 2D drawings

QC of 2D drawings is used if the Design Engineer does not know how to use the BIM tool

Navisworks Simulate.

When 2D drawings are being quality controlled, cross sections, plan, profiles are printed using

Plan Production (see how in section 7.1 of BIM Manual Civil Works and Infrastructure) and 3D

views directly from AutoCAD Civil 3D. These drawings will be passed on to the Design Engineer

by the Designer. The Design Engineer now corrects the drawings in the traditional way and re-

turns the corrections to the Designer. This process is repeated until the drawings and thus the

BIM Model is approved by the Design Engineer. The QC process is documented in the traditional

way.

Below is a single process with the BIM Model example Model X.

First, the QC material is delivered to the Design Engineer (see extract of this in Figure 12).

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Figure 12: Extract of delivery of QC material to Model X.

The Design Engineer adds comments to the 2D drawings (see Figure 13and Figure 14), and

then the Design Engineer and the Designer hold a short meeting to discuss the changes to be

made in the BIM Model. After this meeting, the Designer will correct the BIM Model (see Figure

15). Then the whole thing starts all over again. The BIM Model will be printed in 2D drawings

using Plan Production (see section 7.1 in BIM Manual Civil Works and Infrastructure), and then

the Design Engineer makes his comments. When the Design Engineer has no more comments,

the BIM Model has passed the Design Engineer’s QC and the QC is documented with date and

signature.

Figure 13: QC of assembly.

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Figure 14: QC of 3D view.

Figure 15: Corrected BIM Model.

QC of BIM Models

QC of BIM Models is used if the Design Engineer knows how to use the BIM tool Navisworks

Simulate or another similar tool. Below the procedure in Navisworks Simulate is described.

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In the software tool, you can:

add comments

measure

make sections

rotate the BIM Model

turn layers on and off

1. Add comments

In Navisworks Simulate, there is a special comments functionality that enables the de-

signer to zoom in on the various comments made by the Design Engineer. Each com-

ment will have its own viewpoint, making it possible to always revert to the comments.

In Navisworks Simulate, the remaining BIM Model can also be opened to enable the De-

sign Engineer to also check for consistency with other discipline models. The comments

will be listed one after the other to give the Designer an overview of all comments. The

comments will be made using the Add Tag function (see Figure 16).

Figure 16: Insertion of comments in the Navisworks model.

When the Designer receives the Navisworks file (.nwd), the Designer can fly around be-

tween all comments using the Viewpoints or View Comments functions. Figure 17 is an

example of a comment added in Navisworks. The Navisworks model shows where the

comment begins, and in the bottom of the screen, you can read the comment and see

who added it and the date and status of the comment.

Comments can be made in all Views, ie with measurements, in sections, in all angles of

the BIM Model, etc.

Figure 17: Comments in Navisworks.

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2. Measurement

In Navisworks Simulate, there is a good measuring function (see Figure 18 for options).

These measurements can also be included in comments to give the designer as much

information as possible in the comments (see Figure 19). The dimensioning will in this

case only be visible in the Viewpoint comment in which it is included.

Figure 18: Measurement methods in Navisworks.

Figure 19: Measurement in comment.

3. Sectioning

The easiest way to make sections is by using the Box function, see Figure 20 and Fig-

ure 21. Here it is possible to pull the arrows so that you see the section exactly where it

is interesting. This section can also be added as a comment.

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Figure 20: Enable Sectioning/Box.

Figure 21: Box Sectioning.

4. Rotate the BIM Model

By using the Full Navigation Wheel you can easily rotate the BIM Model. By moving the

center button across the area where you want to rotate the BIM Model and then holding

down the Orbit button while rotating, you can be sure of the focal point in the BIM

Model (see Figure 22).

Figure 22: Full navigation Wheel.

5. Turn layers on and off

Using the Hide and Selection Tree functions, BIM Models, layers and objects can easily

be turned on and off. The turned off layers will be grey in the Selection Tree (see Figure

23). It is also possible to turn on and off by highlighting objects in the BIM Model and

then pressing Hide.

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Figure 23: Selection Tree.

Notat


Appendix 4 Naming of objects


Side 1 af 3

Appendix 4 contains a list of all tables of naming of objects from section 4.5 in BIM Manual Civil

Works and Infrastructure.

Side 2 af 3

Side 3 af 3

BIM Manual Civil Works and Infrastructure

Documents

Transcript of BIM Manual Civil Works and Infrastructure