Bilingual Dictionary for ESL Beginners

Kamusi ya kiswahili na kiingereza kwa wanao jifunza lugha ya kiingereza kama

lugha ya pili.

English/Swahili

Kiingereza/Swahili

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This document was developed by Multicultural Programs Unit, Equity Programs and Distance Education Directorate.

Level 14, 1 Oxford Street Darlinghurst NSW 2010.

Phone 9244 5324

The work on this production was supported by a large number of ESL teachers in government schools who assisted in the choice of lexicon.

© State of New South Wales through the NSW Department of Education and Training 2008.

ISBN: 9780731386451 SCIS: 1390974

Contents

Introduction i

How to use the dictionary ii

Dictionary 1

Appendices

1. Numerals and ordinals 80 2. Common countries/states and their adjectival forms 81 3. Common irregular verbs 82 4. Times 84 5. Days of the week/months of the year/units of time 85 6. Weights and measures 85

Bibliography 85

i

IntroductionThe Bilingual Dictionary for ESL Beginners has been developed for use by students in the early stages of learning English as a second language.

The list of words contained in this dictionary includes the most common words that students use in everyday communication and in the classroom. This list provides a scaffold for further language acquisition.

The Bilingual Dictionary for ESL Beginners takes into consideration the Australian culture and way of life including frequently encountered colloquial words and phrases. It is expected that students will use this publication as a reference point for the first 12 to 18 months of English language acquisition.

A companion volume titled Thematic Picture Dictionary for ESL Beginners may be used in conjunction with this volume. It contains over 400 illustrated words, all of which can be found with their translations in this volume.

The two dictionaries are designed for individual student use at school and at home to support English language acquisition.

The skills of many ESL teachers were utilised in the choice of lexicon for this dictionary. Their enthusiastic participation has helped to produce a valuable teaching and learning resource suited to the needs of beginner ESL students.

ii

How to use this dictionary

Notes for the teacher

The information in this dictionary is presented simply showing part of speech, headword in bold, definition if required and phrases for words which need to be read in context for clarity of meaning. You will find explanations regarding the organisation of the dictionary below.

Page Header

The page header is found at the top left of each page in bold for easy identification of the page contents. It shows the first and last English entry on the page.

Example from page 1:

a - afterwards indicates that the first entry on this page is a and the last entry is afterwards.

The Headword

The headword is the word being defined in an entry. It appears in large bold type and is alphabetically ordered. Definitions of the headword appear under the headword (if applicable) and are numbered. Phrases, colloquial phrases, phrasal verbs and interjections containing the headword are translated in full and appear under the definitions.

Example from page 4:

Headword Translationpart of speech

back

n Definition 1. body part only the word back is translated as a noun with the meaning body part

adv Definition 2. opposite front only the word back is translated as an adverb with the meaning opposite front

phrase 3. give it back the phrase give it back is translated in full Example from page 31:

Headword Translationpart of speech

help

n Definition 1. aid only the word help is translated as a noun with the meaning aid

phrase 2. help yourself(serve yourself)

the phrase help yourself is translated in full with the meaning serve yourself

colloq phr 3. I can’t help it (I have no control over it)

the colloquial phrase I can’t help it is translated in full with the meaning I have no control over it

Where there is more than one meaning for an item of lexicon but only one is in common usage the meaning for translation has been included next to the headword in brackets.

Example from page 2:

Headword Translationn angle (mathematical usage) only the word angle is translated as a noun

with the meaning mathematical usage

Abbreviations

Words commonly found in the lexicon as abbreviations appear in the dictionary as abbrev and are not translated. They indicate the full spelling of the word where the translation may be found.

iii

Example from page 4:

Headword Translationabbrev barbie *see barbecue no translation - translation is found at the entry

barbecue

Common present and past tense verb forms

Commonly used irregular present and past tense verb forms have been included in the body of the dictionary as they may not be recognised by the student as a derivative of the base form. These are not translated however and indicate the base form where the translation may be found.

Examples from page 2:

Headword Translationprt v am *see be no translation - translation is found at the entry

beprt v are *see be no translation - translation is found at the entry

be Appendices

Six appendices have been included and may be found at the end of the word list. These are:

1. numerals and ordinals2. common countries/states and their adjectival forms3. common irregular verbs showing the base form, past tense and past participle forms4. times in analog and 24 hour format5. days of the week/months of the year/units of time6. weights and measures.

These appendices have not been translated.

Parts of speech

Parts of speech are abbreviated and found in the left hand column of the English text in the dictionary. Other descriptors such as colloquialism are also abbreviated. A full list of abbreviations used is shown below.

Abbreviations used in this dictionary

Abbreviation Meaningabbrev abbreviationadj adjectiveadv adverbcolloq colloquialismcolloq phr colloquial phraseconj conjunctiondet determinerint interjectionn nounphr v phrasal verbprep prepositionpron pronounprt v present tense verb formpt v past tense verb formv verb

1

a – afterwards

Adet a/an an ability uwezo

ablev 1. be able to wezaadj 2. talented tunukiwan Aboriginal person mu-aboringinal

aboutadv 1. approximately karibuprep 2. concerning kuhusu

aboveprep 1. over juuphrase 2. the example above mfano tanguliziadj absent hakunaadv absolutely kabisa n accent tamshiv accept kubaliadj acceptable kubalikan accident ajaliadj accidental ki-ajali v accompany pamoja n account hesabuv ache maumivu/uguav achieve patan achievement kupataprep across upandev act fanyan activity utendajin actor muigizajiv add ongezan addition ongeza/nyongezan address anwanin adjective kivumishi

admit kubaliv 1. tell the truth about ungamav 2. allow to enter ingizav adopt (take on) kubalishan adult mtu mziman advantage faida n adventure shanin adverb kielezin advice mawaithan aerobics mazoezin aeroplane ndege/aeropleniv afford weza adj afraid ogopa prep after baadan afternoon jioniadv afterwards baadaye

2

again – argue

adv again (one more time) tenaagainst

prep 1. next to karibu naprep 2. anti kinyume n age umriadv ago zamaniv agree kubali

aidn 1. help saidiav 2. help usaidizi v aim (try) nian air hewan airport kiwanja cha ndegeadj all (every) wotev allow ruhusuadv alone pwekeadv aloud kwa sautin alphabet alphabetiadv already tayariadv also (too) pia/vile vileconj although ijapokuwaadv altogether pamojaadv always kawaidaprt v am *see be n ambulance ambulansin amount kiwango n amphibian mnyama aishiye arthini na majiniv analyse (study) changanuaconj and nan angle (mathematical usage) penbeadj angry kasirikan animal mnyaman ankle kifundoadj annual mwaka

answern 1. reply jibuv 2. reply itikaadj any yeyoteadv anymore na-zaidipron anyone yeyotepron anything chochote adv apart (separate) kandon apology radhiv appear (come into view) onekana/tokean apple tundan appointment mwaliko/uteuziprt v are *see be n area eneo/uwanjav argue jadili

3

argument – autumn

n argument ubishi/mzozov arise inukan arm (part of body) mkonon army jeshiprep around humuhumu

arrangev 1. put in order rekebishav 2. make plans faya mipangov arrest (take into custody) tia nguvuni/shikav arrive wasilin arrow mshalen art sanaan artist msaniiadv as (to such a degree) kaman ash jivuadj ashamed haibika/ona hayav ask ulizav assemble kusanyan assembly barazan assignment (for school) mazoeziv assist saidian assistant msaidiziprep at kwenyept v ate *see eat n athletics riadhaphrase athletics carnival tamasha la wana riadhan atom atomuv attach shikanisha

attackn 1. fight vitav 2. fight vita/pigana

attemptn 1. try jaribuv 2. try jaribuv attend hudhurian attendance hudhurian attention uangalifu/usikivuv attract vutiya/pendezaadj attractive inavutian aunt shangaziabbrev Aussie *see Australiann Australia Australiaadj Australian mu-Australian Australian flag bendera ya Australian Australiana yaki-Australian author mwandishin autumn majiri ya joto puguani

4

average – basketball

averagen 1. arithmetical mean kiwango cha katikatiadj 2. ordinary kawaidav avoid zuiya/kwepa/epukaadj awake amkaadv away mbaliprep away from kuwa mbali naadj awful mbayapt v awoke *see awaken axe shoka

Bn baby mtoto

backn 1. body part mgogoadv 2. opposite front nyumaphrase 3. give it back rudishan backbone nguzo/uti wa mgogon background picha ya nyuman backpack egeza gari vibaya n backyard upande wa yumaadj bad mbyan badminton mchezo n bag begiv bake pika kekiv balance sawazisha/mabakin balcony kipumzikio adj bald kipara

balln 1. toy mpira wa mtotocolloq phr 2. have a ball (good time) wakati mweman balloon balunin banana ndizin band (music group) bendin bangle bangili/pochin bank benki/kando

barn 1. place to drink kilabuv 2. stop from something wachan 3. metal rod kipande cha chuman barbecue nyama chomaabbrev barbie *see barbecueadj bare kavu/tupun barrier kizuishin base (bottom) chini/msingin basin (wash) beseni/bakulin basket kikapun basketball mpira wa kikapu

5

basketball court – bid

n basketball court kiwanja cha mpira wa kikapubat

n 1. sporting equipment fimbo n 2. animal popon bath ogan bathroom bafun battle vitan bay (inlet) kando/ufuoniabbrev BBQ *see barbecuev be kuwan beach uvuonin beach towel taulon beach umbrella mwavuli n beak mdomo

beam n 1. ray of light muali n 2. wooden plank ubaon bean maharagwen beard ndevu

beatv 1. win shindav 2. hit pingan 3. rhythm mpingoadj beautiful vizuri/maridadipt v became *see becomeconj because kwa sababuv become kuwan bed kitandan bedroom chumba cha kulalan bee nyukin beef nyama ya ngombept v began *see beginv begin tangulian beginner mtangulizi/mwanzilishiv behave tenda/jiwekan behaviour tabia/mwenendo/adabuprep behind nyuman bell kengelev belong ni ya n belt mshipin bench kitiv bend kunjapt v bent *see bendadj best bora zaidiv bet bahatishaadj better boraprep between katikati/kati yan bicycle baiskeliv bid zabuni

6

big – boat

adj big kubwaabbrev bike *see bicycle

billn 1. money pesan 2. account akaotin 3. of a bird ya ndegen bird ndege

birthn 1. act of being born jifunguwa/kuzaaphrase 2. date of birth tarehe ya kuzaliwan birthday sikukuu ya kuzaliwan biscuit biskuti

bitn 1. small piece kidogophrase 2. a little bit kidogopt v 3. *see bitev bite umaadj black (colour) nyeusin blackboard bodi nyeusi n blade upanga

blamen 1. censure laaniv 2. lay responsibility with lazimikaadj blank kavu/tupun blanket blanketiv bleed vuja damupt v blew *see blow

blindadj 1. unable to see upovun 2. window covering paziyan blindness upovu

blockn 1. child’s toy mpirav 2. stop from doing something kusimamisha jambophrase 3. a block away kupita nyumba mojaphrase 4. block of flats nyumba ya orofaadj blond mrembon blood damuadj bloody damu damu

blown 1. hit gonga/pigav 2. pertaining to wind kuhusu upepophr v 3. blow up puliza/lipua

blueadj 1. colour rangicolloq 2. sad kasirika/huzunin board (stiff material) mbao/bodin board game mchezo wa bodin boat mashua/dau

7

body – break

n body mwiliv boil chemsha

boldadj 1. as typeface mremboadj 2. daring ujasilin bomb bomun bone mfupan book kitabun bookshelf rafu ya kitabun boomerang rudi tena

bootn 1. of car butin 2. footwear kiatu

bordern 1. as of country, state mpakan 2. edge pembeni/ukingoadj bored kuboekaadj boring kutofurahishav borrow omba/kopa

bossn 1. person in charge msimamiziv 2. tell what to do kuamrishaadj both pamojav bother sumbuan bottle chupa

bottomn 1. body part takon 2. lower edge chinipt v bought *see buyv bounce rukarukan bowl bakuli/komben box sandukun boy mvulanaabbrev bra *see brassieren brain ubongo

branchn 1. of tree kipande cha mtiv 2. separate gawanya/achanishan brassiere sindiriaadj brave shujaaadv bravely kishujaan bread mkaten breadth pumzi

breakn 1. pause pumzikov 2. opposite of fix vunjaphr v 3. break down (as in car) kuharibika phr v 4. break down (as health) kuwa mgonjwa

8

breakfast – bus stop

phr v 5. break in (as housebreak) kuvunja nyumbaphr v 6. break up (for holidays) kwenda likizon breakfast kifungua kinywa n breath pumua/hemav breathe pumzi v breed zalishan brick tofali n bridge daraja

brightadj 1. shiny metameta/angazaadj 2. clever mwerevuv brighten angazishaadj brilliant elevuv bring letaadj broad panan broccoli mbogapt v broke *see breakcolloq broke (penniless) kutokuwa na pesaphrase broken arm kuvunjika mkonon brother ndugu wa kiumept v brought *see bringn brush brashin bucket kikapu/ndoov build jengapt v built *see buildn bulb (electric light) globun bullet risasi

bullyn 1. person who harasses others mtu wa kisirani/muudhiv 2. harass subua/chokoza

bunchn 1. group kundiphrase 2. bunch of flowers kifungo cha mauwa

burnn 1. injury caused by fire maumivu kitokana na motov 2. be on fire chomeka v burst lipukav bury zikan bus basi

bushn 1. outback kokon 2. small tree msitu

businessn 1. company kampunicolloq phr 2. mind your own business sugulika na kazi yakon bus stop kitua cha basi

9

bust – cardboard

bustcolloq 1. break vunjikan 2. female body part matitiadj busy shughuliconj but lakinin butcher mchinjajin button chiniv buy nunuaprep by kwa

Cn cabbage kabejin cable wayan cafe hoteli/mkahawan cage pangon cake kekiv calculate hesabun calculator machine ya kuhesabian calendar kalenda

callv 1. name jina/itan 2. as for phone piga simuphr v 3. call for simu ya/takaphr v 4. call off simamishaphr v 5. call out itana

calmadj 1. peaceful salaam/tulifuphr v 2. calm down tulia pt v came *see comen camera kamerav camp kambi

canv 1. able to wezan 2. steel container mkeben candle mshumaan canteen (tuck shop) kantini

capn 1. headwear kofia/kitambaa cha kichwan 2. top kifuniko/juu

capitaln 1. important location mji mkuuphrase 2. capital letter herufi kubwan capsicum pilipili n capsule tembe/kapsulin captain kaptenin car garin card kadin cardboard kadbodi

10

care – chalk

v care jaliadj careful angalifuadv carefully taratibun carnival tamashan carrot karoti

carryv 1. take chukuwa/bebaphr v 2. carry on (keep going) endelea

casen 1. bag begiphrase 2. just in case kama hautan cash pesa/fedha

cassettephrase 1. audio cassette kaseti ya kusikizaphrase 2. video cassette kaseti ya video

castn 1. of a play mchezov 2. throw rusha/tupan castle nyumba kubwaadj casual kibarua/nadran cat paka

catchphrase 1. catch a train panda gari la moshiphrase 2. catch a cold shika homacolloq phr 3. catch on (understand) fahamu/elewaphr v 4. catch up (reach) karibiya/wasilipt v caught *see catch

causen 1. reason sababuv 2. make happen sababishan cave pangoabbrev CD *see compact discn ceiling darin cell shinan cent sentiadj central katikati

central processing unitn 1. pertaining to computer Injini ya komputaabbrev 2. CPUn centre katikatin century karnen cereal nafakan ceremony shereheadj certain wezaadv certainly wezekana n chain (jewellery) mkufun chair kitin chalk chaki

11

chance – cigarette

n chance nafasichange

n 1. money chenjiv 2. alter badili/geuzaphrase 3. change one’s mind badilisha mawazophrase 4. change clothes badilisha mavazi/nguoadj changeable kigeugeun change room chumba cha kubadilisha nguon channel mlango/njian chapter suran character (literary) tabia/silika/namna

chargen 1. cost beiv 2. as for battery weka motophr v 3. in charge msimamiziv chase kimbizaadj cheap rahisiv cheat danganyav check chunguza/angalian cheek (body part) shavucolloq cheeky (naughty) mjeuri

cheerv 1. make happy furahisha/shangilian 2. sound expressing enthusiasm chekan chemist duka la dawan cheque cheki/hundin cherry switi ya sinin chess mchezo wa chesin chest kifuan chewing gum peremende ya kutafuna

chickenn 1. animal kukucolloq 2. not brave mwogan child mtoto/mwanaadj childish kitoton chin kidevu

chipsn 1. hot variety viazin 2. cold crisps chipsi baridin chocolate chocoletin choir waimbajiv choose chagua

chopn 1. meat cut kata nyamav 2. cut katapt v chose *see choosen church kanisan cigarette sigara

12

cinema – coin

n cinema sineman circle duaraadj circular mviringon circumference mzugukon city mji mkuu

claimn 1. assertion daiv 2. assert dai

clapn 1. loud noise makofiv 2. show appreciation piga makofin class (group of students) darasan classmate wanafunzi wenzaken classroom darasaphrase classroom block sehemu ya darasan claw kuchan clay mchanga/udongo

cleanv 1. remove dirt kusafishaadj 2. opposite dirty safiadj clear wazi/safiadj clever mwerevu/mjanjan cliff mwambav climb panda juuv cling ninginia/ambatan clock saa ya mezani au ukutani

closev 1. shut kufunga adj 2. near karibuadj closed fungwan cloth vazi/nguon clothes mavazi/nguon clothes line safu ya nguon clothing nguo/vazin cloud winguadj cloudy mawingu mengi

clubn 1. group of people chaman 2. implement tekelezan clue dalili/elekezon coal mawe n coast pwaniadj coastal ya pwanin coat kabuti/kotin cockatoo ndege/mkuliman coconut nazin coffee kahawan coin sarafu

13

cold – concern

coldn 1. illness homaadj 2. opposite hot baridiadj cold-blooded muajin collar kolav collect kusanyan collection kusanyon college chuo kikuu

colourn 1. hue rangiv 2. make colourful paka rangiadj colourful maridadi

combn 1. hair accessory kichanav 2. do one’s hair chana

comev 1. move towards karibia/njoophr v 2. come from kutoka kwaphr v 3. come out (as in sun) kuchomozacolloq phr 4. Come on! (Let’s go.) twendeadj comfortable starehen comic mchezon comic strip andiko la mchezov command agizo/amriadj common kawaidan commonsense hisian communication mawasilianon community jamiin compact disc kasetin company (business) kampuniv compare linganishan compass bikarin compasses (geometry

equipment)kompasi

v compete shindanan competition shindanov complain lalamikan complaint lalamiko

completev 1. finish malizaadj 2. finished malizika v complicate gumisha/tatanishaadj complicated ni ngumu/tatizon complication ugumu/mashakan composer muandishi/msaniin composition utungo/inshan computer kompyuta/kichakaton concern husu/pasa

14

concerned – couple

adj concerned husianan concert kuigizan condition halin cone (geometrical shape) koniv confuse changanya/vuruga mawazov congratulate pongeza v connect unganisha n connection unganisho adj conscious kupata fahamu/tanabahiv consider fikiriphr v consist of ina n consonant konsonantiv contain inan container kikebeon contents (as of a book) yaliyomo/faharasav continue endelea

contrastn 1. difference tofauti v 2. find differences tofautisha v control endesha n conversation mazungumzo

convictn 1. person convicted of a crime mahabusuv 2. find guilty of a crime hukumuv cook pika

cooladj 1. opposite warm baridicolloq 2. trendy mzuri/poa

copyn 1. imitation uigaji/fuasav 2. imitate igan corner kona

correctv 1. make right sahihisha adj 2. right sahihi/hakin corridor ukumbiv cost bei/gharaman cotton pamban cotton wool uzi wa pamba

coughn 1. the act or sound of coughing kohoav 2. expel air from the lungs kukohoan council diwanin counsellor hatibu/mshauri

countryn 1. political division chaman 2. opposite city nchin couple bibi na bwana

15

courage – crush

n courage moyoadj courageous hodari/shujaa

coursen 1. set of lessons mafunzo/masomon 2. way to go mwelekeophrase 3. of course (naturally) kwa kawaidan court (as tennis court) uwanjan cousin ndugu/binamu

covern 1. outside of a book jalada/kavav 2. put cover on something funikan coward mwogan crab mnyama wa mjiniv crack ufa

craftn 1. vessel chombon 2. handiwork kazi ya mkono/sana

crashn 1. collision pigana/gonganav 2. shatter tawanyaadj crazy wazimu/kichaan creature kiumben creek horiv creep tambaan crescent (shape) umbo

cricketn 1. insect mdudun 2. sport mchezo

criminaln 1. person who commits crime mvunja sheria/jambaziadj 2. against the law mvunja sherian crocodile mambaadj crooked kombokombon crops mimea

crossn 1. a symbol of two intersecting

lineskia

adj 2. angry hasira/kasirikav 3. move from one side to another kupitanaphr v 4. cross out (delete) vutan crossword mchezo wa kujaza manenon crowd umatiadj crowded kujazanaadj cruel katili

crushv 1. flatten bomoacolloq 2. a liking for someone kumpenda mtu/kutamani

16

cry – darkness

cryn 1. loud utterance kiliov 2. weep lian cube mcheraban cucumber tangon cupboard kabativ cure tibuadj curious dadisi/chunguza

curln 1. ringlet of hair kifungo cha nywelev 2. form curls kuwa nyepesi/nyororon currency (money) pesa/fedha

currentadj 1. topical sasan 2. moving water mton curtain pazian curve mkunjon custom mila/desturin customer mtejav cut kataadj cute mrembo

cyclev 1. ride endeshan 2. circular event hali ya mviringon cylinder mcheduara

Dabbrev dad *see fatherabbrev daddy *see fatheradj daily kila siku

damagen 1. injury maumivu/jerahav 2. cause injury sababisha jerahaadj damp unyevun damper (type of bread) unyevu zaidi

dancen 1. social gathering for dancing kusanyiko la wacheza densiv 2. rhythmical movement densin danger hatariadj dangerous hatariadj daring mjasiri

darkadj 1. opposite light gizaadj 2. opposite fair mbayan darkness giza

17

date – dependable

daten 1. calendar kalendan 2. fruit tundan daughter binti n day siku/mchanaadj dead kufaadj deaf kiziwi

dealn 1. amount kiwangov 2. give out patiana/peanan death kifon debt deni decayn 1. decomposition kuozav 2. rot ozav deceive danganyav decide amuan decimal kiduden decision uwamuzin deck (of house) nyumbav declare tangaza/julisha

decreasen 1. diminution upungufuv 2. become smaller in number punguzaadj deep undani/refu

defeatn 1. loss potezav 2. beat shindwav define elezea

degree n 1. of temperature joto/baridin 2. amount kiwango

delayn 1. hold up cheleweshav 2. put off till later aherishaabbrev deli *see delicatessenn delicatessen maankuli/mchuzin delight furahiadj delightful furahiav deliver fikisha

demandn 1. urgent requirement hitaji la harakav 2. ask for with authority kudai v demonstrate onyesha/fundishan demonstration onyesho/maandamanon dentist daktari wa menov depend tegemeaadj dependable kumtegemea

18

dependant – discussion

adj dependant jitegemean depth undaniv descend kwenda chiniv describe elezean description elezeo

desertn 1. hot, dry place jangwav 2. leave kwenda/toka/ondokav deserve stahili

desiren 1. longing tarajia/husuduv 2. wish for takia/tamanin desk dawativ destroy haribun destruction uharibifu

detailn 1. minute part kanagav 2. describe fully kanaganagan detective jasusi/kacheron detention (pertaining to

school)jela

v dial pigan diameter kipenyo

diamondn 1. precious stone mawe ya zamani/uruadj 2. shape sura/umbon diary shajara/kalendan dictionary kamusipt v did *see don didgeridoo chumbo cha mziki cha wa-Aboriginalv die kufa/kuaga dunian diet chakulaadj different tofauti/ingineadj difficult ngumuv dig chimban dingo mnyama/mbwa mwitun dinner chakula cha mchanan dinosaur dinosan direction elekezon dirt uchafuadj dirty chafuv disagree bishana/kataan disagreement ubishi/kutokubalianan disc (round, flat object) diskin disco densi/diskov discover vumbuan discovery uvumbuziv discuss jadilin discussion majadiliano

19

disease – drop

n disease ugonjwa/maradhin dish sahanin dishwasher (appliance) machine ya kuoshea vyombon disk (of computers) diskin disk drive diski mdadiv dislike dharau/chukiav dismiss tupilia/fukuzan distance umbaliv disturb sumbuav dive tumbukia/piga mbiziv divide gawanyan division mgawanyiko v divorce talaka

dov 1. perform fanya phrase 2. What does she do? (What’s

her job?)Anafanya kazi gani?/Kazi yake ni ipi?

phrase 3. How do you do? (greeting) habari yako/hujambon doctor tabibu/daktarin document chetin dog mbwan dollar dolan door mlangov double mara mbili

doubtn 1. uncertainty shakav 2. hesitate to believe kutia shakav drag vurutan dragon mnyama wa kutishapt v drank *see drinkv draw choran drawer sanduku/mchoraji

dreamn 1. images during sleep ndotov 2. imagine otapt v dreamt *see dream

dressn 1. woman’s clothing vazi la manamke/kitengev 2. to put on clothing vaa nguopt v drew *see draw

drinkn 1. beverage kinywajiv 2. swallow liquid meza kinywajiv drive endeshan driveway njia ya gari

dropn 1. small amount of water tonev 2. let fall angusha

20

drought – email

n drought ukame/kiangasipt v drove *see drivev drown zaman drug dawan drum deramu/ngoman drunk (person who drinks too

much alcohol)kulewa/mlevi

adj dry kavupt v dug *see digadj dumb (of speech) kiziwiprep during wakati

dustn 1. dirt uchafu/vumbiv 2. clean of dirt panguza/oshan duster kivutia uchafun duty (something you must do) jukumu/wajibu

En eagle mwewe/tain ear sikioadj early mapemav earn mapato/mshaharan earring herenin earth arthin east magharibiadj easy rahisiv eat kulan echidna mnyaman edge kando/ukingov edit haririn education elimu n effect tukio/atharin effort juhudi/bidiin egg yaiadj either ama/moja wapon elastic inavutikan elbow kisugudi/kiko

elderadj 1. older than mzee kulikon 2. older person mzeen election uchaguzin electrician fundi wa stiman electricity stima/umeme

emailn 1. Internet letter barua pepev 2. send an Internet letter tuma barua pepe

21

embarrass – excellent

v embarrass haibishaadj embarrassed haibika/fadhaikan emergency tharuran emigrant mhamiajin emotion hisiav employ ajirin employee muajiriwa/mfanya kazin employer muajirin employment kazi/ajiraadj empty kavu/tupun emu emu-ndegev encourage tia changamoto

endn 1. termination simamishav 2. finish mwishon enemy adui/hasimu

engagedadj 1. busy shugili nyingiadj 2. soon to be married ozan engine inginiv enjoy furahiaadj enormous kubwa mnoadj enough toshav enquire ulizav enter ingiav entertain burudishan entertainment burudisho/tamashan entrance mlangon entry kiingilion envelope bahashan environment mazingiraadj equal sawan equator ikwetan equipment kifaa

escapen 1. an act of escaping toroka/ponyokav 2. get away kutoka/pona adj even (divisible by two) gawika/sawa sawan evening jionin event tukioadj every kilaabbrev exam *see examinationn examination mtihani

examplen 1. illustration mfanoabbrev 2. e.g.adj excellent mzuri sana/bora

22

exchange – factory

exchangen 1. act of exchanging badilishav 2. give up for an equivalent biasharav excite chocheaadj excited furahian excitement furahisho/msisimkoadj exciting furahishan excursion matembezi

excusen 1. justification sababuv 2. pardon samehe/radhiint 3. Excuse me! tafadhali!/samahani!

exercisen 1. physical work mazoezin 2. class work zoezin 3. exercise book daftari

exitn 1. way out kutoka v 2. go out toka injev expect tazamiaadj expensive ghali

experiencen 1. thing undergone tajiribav 2. undergo pitia

experimentn 1. science trial jaribiov 2. try something jaribu v explain elezan explanation maelezo/hojav explode lipushav explore vumbua/peleleza

expressadj 1. fast harakav 2. say sema

expressionn 1. on face kaulin 2. in words kwa manenoadj extra ziadan eye jichon eyebrow nywele za jicho/unyuzi

Fface

n 1. part of body uso phrase 2. face the front angalia/tazama mbelecolloq phr 3. Face it! (believe it) amini!n fact jambon factory kiwanda

23

fade – fence

v fade parara/fifiav fail anguka/kosa

faintadj 1. not dark dimuv 2. become unconscious poteza fahamu/zimia

fairadj 1. just adiliadj 2. light nuruadv fairly (quite) vikamilifun fairy vizuriv fall angukaadj false uwongoadj familiar kawaida

familyn 1. kin ndugun 2. family tree jamiiadj famous mashuhuri

fann 1. great admirer shabikin 2. equipment to blow air faniadj far mbalin fare (cost for trip) naulin farm shamban fashion fashoniadj fashionable kuwa fashoni

fastadv 1. quick harakaadv 2. forward in time bila kuchelewav 3. go without food kuwa na njaav fasten harakishaadj fat nonon father baban fault kosan favour upendeleoadj favourite pendeleo/chaguon fax nakunishi

fearn 1. feeling of impending danger wogav 2. be afraid ogopan feather ubawa/unyoyav feed lisha

feelv 1. as emotion hisiav 2. touch guzapt v fell *see fallpt v felt *see feeladj female (of gender) mke/kiken fence ua

24

ferry – flashing

n ferry feri/vushan festival sherehen fever joto/homaadj few chache

fieldn 1. where sport is played uwanjan 2. open land kiwanjaadj fierce kali

fightn 1. battle vitav 2. engage in battle pigana/vitani

figuren 1. number namban 2. person mtuphr v 3. figure out (understand) wazav fill jazan film filamuadj final mwishov find pata

fineadj 1. not raining tuliaadj 2. opposite thick nyembambaadj 3. well (healthy) mziman finger kidole

finishn 1. end point mwishov 2. end mwisho

firev 1. cease to employ vuta kaziv 2. shoot piga risasin 3. something burning chomekan fireworks fatakaadv first kwanzan first aid huduma ya kwanza

fishn 1. water creature samaki v 2. catch fish vua samakin fishing rod kijiti cha kuvulia samaki

fitadj 1. healthy afya njeman 2. size ukubwaphrase 3. fit in with (match well) linganishav fix rekebisha/tengenezan flag benderan flame ulimi wa moton flash (bright light) mwangaza/nuruadj flashing angaza

25

flat – form

flatn 1. dwelling nyumbaadj 2. shape mfanon flavour aina/ladhapt v flew *see flyn flight ndegev float elean flood gharika/mafuriko

floorn 1. part of a room chumban 2. level of a building gorofan floppy disk diski lainiv flow tiririka n flower (plant) mauaabbrev flu *see influenza

flyn 1. insect nziv 2. move through the air angaa/rukan fog (weather condition) ukungu/unyevuadj foggy ukunguv fold kunjan folder foldav follow fuatan font ukubwan food chakulan fool mjingaadj foolish ujingan foot mguu/wayon football mpira wa miguun footwear viatu

forphrase 1. for us yetuphrase 2. for NSW ya NSWphrase 3. for $5 ya dola 5

forcen 1. strength nguvuv 2. impose on lazimishaadj foreign (not native) genin foreigner mgenin forest msitupt v forgave *see forgivev forget sahauv forgive samehept v forgot *see forgetn fork uma

formn 1. paper you fill in fomu v 2. make muundo

26

fortnight – funeral

n 3. shape umbon fortnight wiki mbiliadj fortunate bahatiadv fortunately kwa bahati

fortunen 1. large amount of money pesa nyingin 2. luck bahati/nasibupt v fought *see fightpt v found *see findn fountain chemichemi n fraction sehemun frame upande

freeadj 1. costing nothing bure/bila malipoadj 2. unoccupied hakuna mtuv 3. let go tupilia mbali/saren freedom uhuruv freeze weka barafun freezer (appliance) mchini ya barafuadj frequent mara nyingiadj fresh mpya abbrev fridge *see refrigeratorn friend rafikiadj friendly kirafikin fright hofu/wogav frighten kusitua/ogofya

fromphrase 1. from Sydney kutoka Sydneyphrase 2. from my grandmother kutoka kwa nyanya yanguphrase 3. from $10 kutoka dola 10

frontadj 1. opposite back mbeleprep 2. in front of mbele yan front door mlango wa mbelen front steps hatua za mbelev frown kunja uso/chukiapt v froze *see freeze n fruit tunda

fulladj 1. opposite empty kujaaadj 2. not hungry kushiban full stop (punctuation mark) kituo/nukta

funn 1. mirthful amusement furahi colloq phr 2. make fun of (ridicule) kijelin funeral mazishi

27

funny – girl

funnyadj 1. humorous furahishaadj 2. strange genin fur mayoyan furniture vifaa/fenichaadj further zaidin future usoni/wakati ujao

Gv gamble karata/cheza kamarin game mchezon gaol *see jailn gap mwanyan garage (of house) gerajin garden shamba/bustanin garlic kitunguu saumun gas hewan gate mangov gather kusanyapt v gave *see give

gayadj 1. happy furahaadj 2. homosexual shogan gender uzazi/jinsia

generaladj 1. usual kawaidan 2. rank in army generali/mkuu wa majeshiadv generally kwa kawaidan generosity fadhili/ukarimuadj generous mkarimuadj gentle pole

getv 1. become kuwa/patav 2. receive pokeav 3. possess hifadhi/milikiv 4. arrive fikav 5. obtain kupataphr v 6. get on with (like) kumbatiana/kabilianaphr v 7. get out (leave) toka nje/ondokaphr v 8. get together (meet) kutanaphr v 9. get up (arise) amkaphr v 10. get rid of (dispose of) tupilia mbali/tupa

giantn 1. huge mythical being jituadj 2. very big kubwa sanan gift zawadin girl msichana

28

give – grain

givev 1. hand to mpatiephr v 2. give in (hand in) letacolloq phr 3. give in (surrender) salimishaphr v 4. give out (distribute) patiana/sambazaphr v 5. give up (surrender) jisalimishephr v 6. give up (stop as for smoking) wachaadj glad faraha

glassn 1. window material dirishan 2. drinking vessel kikombe cha ya majin glasses (for eyesight) miwanin glove mpira ya mikono

gov 1. move songesaphrase 2. go by bus safari kwa basiphrase 3. go out with tembea naphr v 4. go wrong kwenda mramaphr v 5. go on with (continue) endeleaphr v 6. go well enenda salamaphr v 7. go over (check) tazamaphr v 8. go through (check) pitiaphr v 9. go after (chase) kimbizan god mungun gold dhahabuadj golden ya dhahabu

goodadj 1. opposite bad mzuriphrase 2. vegetables are good for you mboga ni mzuri kwakocolloq phr 3. Good for you! (congratulations) pongezi! int 4. Good afternoon (greeting) habari ya jioniint 5. Goodbye kwaheriint 6. Good day (greeting) siku njemaint 7. Good morning (greeting) habari ya asubuhiint 8. Good night (farewell) lala salama/usiku mwema

goodnessn 1. virtue uzuriint 2. My goodness! (expression of

surprise)kumbe!/kweli!

n goods bidhaan gossip sengenyapt v got *see getv govern tawalan government serekalin governor gavanav grab nyakuaadv gradually pole polen grain mbegu

29

grand – habit

adj grand kubwan grandchild mjukuun granddaughter mjukuun grandfather babun grandmother yanya/bibin grandparent mababun grandson mjukuun grape zabibun graph mchoron grass nyasiadj grateful shukurun grave kaburiadj great kubwan greed tamaadj greedy mwenye tamaadj green manjanov greet salimun greeting salamupt v grew *see growadj grey rangi n grief huzunikav grieve huzuniv grill (cooking) choma

grossadj 1. total jumla colloq 2. disgusting chukiza

groundn 1. earth arthiadj 2. bottom (as for ground floor) chini/sakafunin group kundi/kikundiphrase group of students kikundi cha wanafunziv grow kuwa/endelean grown-up kuwa ki umri/zeekav guard lindan guardian mlinziv guess kisian guest mgeni

guiden 1. leader kiongoziv 2. show the way onyesha njian guilt hatiaadj guilty uaili/mwenye hatian guitar gitaa/zezen gum tree muti wa gamuabbrev gym *see gymnasiumn gymnasium chumba cha mazoezi

Hn habit mazoea/desturi/tabia

30

had – have

pt v had *see have n hail (weather condition) garikan hailstorm mvua ya garikan hair nywelen haircut nyolewaadj halal nyama ya kuchinjwa

halfadj 1. equal part of nusu phrase 2. half-past eight saa mbili unusun hall ukumbin hallway ukumbiniv halve nusun hamburger nyaman hammer nyundo

handn 1. body part mkonon 2. hand-out patianaphr v 3. hand in letan handbag mkoba wa mkonon handball mpira wa mkono

handlen 1. thing that may be held kishikiov 2. touch guza adj handsome mrembon handwriting mwandiko

hangv 1. suspend aherisha/nyongaphr v 2. hang around (loiter) randa randaphr v 3. hang onto (hold) shikiliaphr v 4. hang up (put receiver down) weka simu chiniint 5. Hang on! (wait) subiriv happen tukia n happiness furahaadj happy furahin harbour bandari

hardadj 1. difficult ngumuadj 2. not soft ngumuadv hardly (rarely) haipatikaniv harm umizan harvest vunan hat kofiav hate dharau

havev 1. own pata/milikiphrase 2. have a headache maumivu ya kichwaphrase 3. have dinner kula chakula cha mchanaphrase 4. have a hair cut kunyolewaphr v 5. have on (wear) kuvaliya/kuvaa

31

have to – his

phr v have to (be compelled to) ni lazimapron he yeye

headn 1. body part kichwan 2. leader kiongozin headache kuumwa na kichwan heading (title) kichwan health afyaadj healthy mwenye afyan heap (pile) rundikov hear sikiapt v heard *see hearn heart roho/moyov heatv 1. warm joton 2. warmth joto/moton heater (appliance) jikoadj heavy mziton height urefupt v held *see holdn helicopter helicoptaint hello jambo

helpn 1. aid msaadaphrase 2. help yourself (serve yourself) jisaidiecolloq phr 3. I can’t help it (I have no control

over it)siwezi/sina uwezo

adj helpful saidian hemisphere angani

herphrase 1. ask her mulize yeyephrase 2. her book kitabu chakeadv here hapan hero sujaav hesitate sita sitan hexagon pembe sitaint hi jambopt v hid *see hidev hide kuficha

highadj 1. tall mrefuadj 2. as for musical note sauti ya juuphrase high-heeled shoe vitu virefun high school sekondari/shule ya upilin hill mlimapron him yeyen hip yingi/takov hire agizapron his yake

32

history – however

n history historiahit

v 1. strike gongacolloq 2. winner shindav hitch-hike pata/pewa liftin hobby furahisho

holdv 1. grasp shikan 2. hold-up (robbery) wizin 3. hold-up (delay) cheleweshaint 4. Hold it! (stop) wacha/simamishacolloq phr 5. hold on (wait) subiri/gojean hole shimon holiday likizoadj hollow kavu adj holy safi/bila mawaan home nyumbaniadj homesick kumbuka nyumbani sanan homework (school work you

do at home)kazi ya kufanya yumbani

n honest myofuhook

n 1. curved piece of metal ndoano v 2. catch shika

hopen 1. expectation tazamiyov 2. wish tarajiyon horizon upeo

horn n 1. animal part pemben 2. car part honiadj horrible kutisha/kuogofyan horror kutishan horse farasin hospital hospitali/mathabahun host mwenyejin hostel bweni

hotadj 1. very warm moto sanacolloq 2. very good mzuri sanan hotel hotelin hotplate chombo cha kupikian hour saan house nyumban housework (domestic work) kazi ya nyumbani

howadv 1. in what way kivipi colloq phr 2. how come? (why) kwanini? kwa njia gani?conj however hata hivyo

33

huge – industry

adj huge kubwahuman

adj 1. of people ya watun 2. human being binadamun humour furahishan hung *see hangadj hungry njaav hunt winda

hurryv 1. move quickly tembea harakacolloq phr 2. hurry up harakisha

hurtv 1. injure dhuru/umizaadj 2. wounded umia/jilahan hut kibanda/nyumba

Ipron I mimi n ice barafun ice-cream icekrimuadj ideal kipekee/saawaconj if iwapo/kamaadj ill mgonjwaadj illegal siofuata sherian illness ugonjwan illustration eleza kwa mifanov imagine wazaadj immediate mara moja adv immediately sasa hivin immigrant mhamiajiadj important muhimuadj impossible haiwezekaniv improve nafuu/stawisha

inprep 1. indicates enclosed place ndaniphrase 2. in Australia nchini Austarliaphrase 3. in January mwezi wa Januari phrase 4. in English kwa lugha ya kingerezaphrase 5. in pencil kwa penseliphrase 6. in love kupendanaphrase 7. in danger hatariniphrase 8. in time (not late) kwa wakati/saav include pamojan income patoadj incorrect siyo sawav increase kwa wingi/zidisha/ongezan index kieleziadj indoor ndanin industry kiwanda

34

infect – is

v infect ambukizan infection maradhiv influence onyeshan influenza homav inform fahamisha/julishan information julisho/habari prep in front of mbele yav inhabit kaa/ishin inhabitant mkaazi

initialadj 1. first mwanzon 2. first letter of name herufin injection sindanov injure dhuru/umizan injury jelahaadj inner ndaniadj innocent bila hatian insect mduduv insert weka/tia ndaniprep inside ndaniv insist sisitiza

instantn 1. moment kitambo kidogoadj 2. immediate mara mojaadv instead badalav instruct funzan instruction funzon instrument (musical) chumbo cha uimbajin insurance bimaadj intelligent enye akiliv intend kusudian interest faida/pendaadj interested pendezekaadj interesting pendeshan Internet mtandaov interrupt tatizan intersection makutanon interview hojiprep into katikav introduce tangulizan introduction (of a book) uanzilishiv invent vumbuan invitation mwalikov invite alika

ironn 1. metal chuman 2. household appliance vyumbo v 3. as for clothing pasiprt v is *see be

35

island – keyboard

n island inchi kavu kati ya ziwait

pron 1. subject ilikuwapron 2. object kitupron its (possessive) yake

Jn jacket kotin jail jelan jar chunguadj jealous wivun jeans vazi la jeansn jet jetin jewel mawe ya dhamanan jewellery mikufu/mawe ya dhamanan job kaziv jog kimbian jogger mkimbiaji

joinv 1. unite shikanishav 2. as a club jiunge/unganaadj joint unganisho/shikanishon joke chezan journey safarin joy furaha

judgen 1. person in court hakimuv 2. make a decision about hukumun judgment hukumu/maamuzin judo mwelekan juice kinywajiv jump rukan jumper (clothing) sweta/koti

justadv 1. only pekeeadj 2. fair vizuri

Kn kangaroo kangaruu

keepv 1. hold on to shikilia/kamataphr v 2. keep away tupilia/weka mbaliphr v 3. keep going endeleaphr v 4. keep out weka nje phr v 5. keep up fanya bidiicolloq phr 6. The teacher kept us in mwalimu alitukalisha/cheleweshapt v kept *see keepn key funguon keyboard kibao

36

keyring – large

n keyring mkufu wa funguon keyword neno kamiliv kick piga tekecolloq kid (child) mtotov kill angamiza/uan killer muuwaji

kindadj 1. good hearted mkalimun 2. type mfanon kindness uzurin king mfalmev kiss busun kitchen jikonin knee gotiv kneel piga magotipt v knelt *see kneelpt v knew *see known knife kisuv knit shonan knob nobuv knock bishan knot fungo

knowv 1. understand fahamuv 2. be acquainted with fahamikaphrase 3. Let me know (tell me) ni julishe/fahamizen koala koalan kookaburra kookaburra

Labbrev lab *see laboratoryn label katambulishon laboratory laboratorin labour kaziv lack upunguvun lad mvulanan ladder ngazipt v laid *see layn lake ziwan lamp taa

landn 1. opposite of sea ardhin 2. country nchiv 3. as for plane tuan language lugha

lapn 1. body part goti/magotin 2. distance in a pool urefu/upeoadj large kubwa

37

last – less

lastadj 1. opposite of first mwishov 2. endure dumuadv lastly hatimaeadj late (opposite of early) chelewaadv lately hivi karibuniadv later baadayev laugh chekan laughter kichekon laundry kuvua nguon law sherian lawn kuanikia nguon lawyer wakili

layv 1. as for eggs tegav 2. put weakadj lazy mvivu

leadv 1. go first tangulia/enenda mbelen 2. holder for a dog kamba/nyororo ya kungoza umbwan leader kiongozin leadership uongozin leaf tawiv leak vuja

leanv 1. incline egemea adj 2. thin nyebamba v leap ruka n leap year mwaka wa kurukiav learn somapt v learnt *see learnadj least kidogon leather ngozi

leavev 1. separate from tenganishan 2. time off wacha/simamishaphr v 3. leave alone kuishi pekeyakophr v 4. leave on endeleaphr v 5. leave out sahaupt v led *see leadpt v left *see leaveadj left (opposite of right) kushotoadj left-handed wa kushoton leg mguun lemon ndimuv lend aziman length urefupt v lent *see lendadv less punguza

38

lesson – lizard

n lesson somolet

v 1. allow kubalishav 2. rent agiza

lettern 1. as of alphabet anuanin 2. correspondence mbaruan letterbox sanduku la baruan lettuce mbogaadj level sawa sawa/sabamban liar muongon library ukumbin licence liseniv lick onjan lid kifuniko

liev 1. tell untruths danganyaphr v 2. lie down lalan life maishan lifesaver muokoaji/mwokozi

liftv 1. raise inua/kuinuan 2. elevator ngazi ya sitiman 3. car ride beba

lightn 1. opposite of darkness gizan 2. as for electric light stimaadj 3. not dark mwangazaadj 4. not heavy nyepezin lighter (as for cigarettes) kiberitin lightning radi

likev 1. be fond of pendezwaprep 2. similar to sawa nan limit umbalin line lainin lip mdomon liquid maji majin list tajav listen sikilizapt v lit *see lightn litter taka takaadj little kidogo

livev 1. exist kuishiadj 2. opposite of dead ishin living (job) kazin living room sebulen lizard mjusi

39

load – lunch

v load mzigon lobster samaki

localn 1. person from a particular area mkaaji waadj 2. pertaining to an area ya nchinin location sehemuv lock kifuli/kifungion log (wood) kunin lolly peremende/switiadj lonely pweke

longadj 1. opposite of short ndefuphr v 2. long for (want) tarajia/tazamiaphrase 3. How long? (as time) lini?phrase 4. How long? (as length) ni mrefu?phrase 5. long ago zamani

lookn 1. glance tazamaphr v 2. look at angaliaphr v 3. look after linda/tunzaphr v 4. look for tafutaphr v 5. look forward to tazamiaphr v 6. look up to tegemeaphrase 7. look like (resemble) kamaadj loose regea

losev 1. opposite of find potezav 2. opposite of win shindwaphrase 3. she lost her mother (her

mother died)mama yake alifariki/mama yake aliaga dunia/mama yake alikufa

n loss potezapt v lost *see lose

lotn 1. destiny nyumbaniphrase 1. a lot of nyingiadj loud kwa sautin lounge room chumba cha makaribisho

loven 1. passionate affection mapenziv 2. feel passionate pendoadj low chinin lower case herufi ndogoadj loyal tulivun luck bahatiadj lucky bahatikan lump kundin lunch chakula cha mchana

40

machine – match

Mn machine mashini

madadj 1. angry kasirikaadj 2. insane enda wazimucolloq phr 3. mad about (loves) penda kupindukian madam mamapt v made *see maken magazine gazetin magic ugagan magpie mkusanaji/muokoaji

mailn 1. correspondence baruav 2. send tumaadj main kamili

makev 1. manufacture undaphrase 2. make the bed tandika kitandaphrase 3. make friends fanya urafikiphr v 4. make up (reconcile) samehen make up (cosmetics) rembeshaadj male mumen mammal mnyama mwenye kunyonyeshan man mwanamume/kiumev manage tunzan manager manejan mandarin sandaran mango maemben manner (way) jinsin manners (pertaining to polite

behaviour)jinsi/namna/tabia

v manufacture tengeneza/undaadj many nyingi/mingin map ramanin margin (of a book) laini ya kandon marijuana bangi/ganja

markv 1. correct rekebishan 2. numerical value for work alaman 3. spot weka alaman market sokon marriage harusiv marry kuoa/olewan mat mkeka

matchv 1. suit linganan 2. implement for lighting kiberiti

41

mate – midday

n 3. game mchezon mate (friend) rafikin material chombon mathematics hesabuabbrev maths *see mathematics

mattern 1. substance jambophrase 2. What’s the matter? ni shida gani?phrase 3. It matters a lot ina jalisha sanav may (allowed to) tafadhaliadv maybe penginepron me mimin meal chakula

meanv 1. intend tazamiyo/kusudin 2. average katikati/kadiriphrase 3. I didn’t mean it (accidental) ni kwa bahati mbaya/

siku maanisha hivyon meaning maanan means (resources) upatopt v meant *see meanadv meanwhile kwa mudav measure piman measurement kipimon meat nyaman meat pie sambusan mechanic muunda vyuman medication matibabun medicine dawaadj medium katikativ meet kutanan melon matundav melt kuwa maji majin member mwenyeji/membav memorise kumbukan memory kumbukumbuv mend rekebishaadj mental mawazo/akiliv mention taja

menun 1. list in restaurant yaliyomo/menun 2. list on a computer yaliyomon mess haribikan message ujumbept v met *see meetn metal chuman method jinsin microscope darubini n microwave (oven) jiko la stiman midday saa sita ya mchana

42

middle – moist

middleadj 1. central katikatin 2. centre katikatiadj middle-aged umri wa kadiri n midnight usiku wa manane

mightv 1. express possibility penginen 2. strength nguvun migrant mhamiaji adj mild kadilin military jeshin milk maziwan milkbar duka la kuuzia maziwa

mindn 1. consciousness fahamuphrase 2. Keep in mind kumbuka/tia maananiphrase 3. Never mind (don’t worry) usijaliphrase 4. I don’t mind sijaliphrase 5. Mind the step (be careful of the

step)tahadhali/tazama

minepron 1. possessive yangun 2. underground excavation chumbuan mineral madinin minister (government) waziriprep minus punguza/toa

minuten 1. unit of time dakikaadj 2. very small kidogon mirror kiooadj miserable maskiniv misplace poteza

missn 1. woman’s title bibi/biv 2. long for tazamia/tarajiav 3. opposite of hit poteza/ponyokaadj missing kutopatikana/kukosekanan Missus haribu/tumia vibayan Mister bwanan mistake kosav misunderstand kutoelewanav mix mchanganyan mixture changanyon mobile phone simu ya mkono

modeln 1. representation uwakilishin 2. person who shows clothes tarakibu adj modern mtulifu/muangalifuadj modest kisasaadj moist nyevu

43

moment – naked

n moment wakatin money pesan monitor (computer) monitan month mwezin mood (frame of mind) hali ya mawazon moon mweziadj moral enye maadili/nyofuadv more zaidin morning asubuhin mosque musikitiadj most nyingi n mother maman motor garin motor bike piki pikin motor scooter piki piki

mousen 1. animal panyan 2. computer part mkono wa kompiutaphrase mouse button (computer) kiungo cha kompiutan mousepad padi ya kompiutan moustache ndevun mouth mdomov move songezan movement maandamanon movie sinemaabbrev Mr *see Misterabbrev Mrs *see Missusn Ms biadv much zaidiadj multicultural makabila mbali mbalin multiplication ongezekov multiply piga maraabbrev mum *see mother

murdern 1. unlawful killing mauwajiv 2. kill unlawfully kuuwan muscle misulin mushroom mbogan music mziki/nyimbov must lazimapron my yangun mystery haifahamiki

Nv nag sumbua

nailn 1. body part kuchan 2. metal spike msumariadj naked uchi

44

name – nobody

namen 1. title mamlaka/jina la heshimaphrase 2. given name jina linginephrase 3. family name jina la familiaadj narrow nyembambaadj nasty mbayan nation nchiadj nationality nchi ya kuzaliwaadj native mzaliwa

naturen 1. person’s character tabian 2. environment mazingiraprep near karibuadv nearby karibuniadv nearly karibiaadj neat safi/nadhifuadj necessary laziman neck shingov need hitajin needle shindano

negativen 1. film filamu ya pichaadj 2. opposite of positive kinyumev neglect wachilia/uzemben neighbour jiraniadv neither yeyoten nerve nafsi/shipaadj nervous wasi wasi/uwogan nest kiota

netn 1. trap mtegon 2. sport equipment netiabbrev Net * see Internetn netball (game) mchezo wa neti boliadv never kamweadj new mpyan newspaper gazeti

nextadv 1. after this baadayeadj 2. following kufuatiliaphrase 3. next door mlango mwingineadj nice mzuri/nzurin night usikun nightclub kilabu cha usikun night dress vazi la jioni

noint 1. opposite yes ladet 2. not at all siyo kamwe/hapanapron nobody si yeyote

45

nocturnal – obvious

adj nocturnal usikuv nod kubali/tikisa kichwan noise keleleadv noisily makeleleadj noisy kelelepron none hakunan noon mchana/adhuhuripron no-one hakunaconj nor walaadj normal kawaidan north kaskazinin nose puan nosebleed toa ndumu kwenye puaadv not siyo

noten 1. money pesan 2. short piece of writing nakalaphrase 3. take note (be careful) tahadhariphrase 4. take notes nakilipron nothing bilan notice tangazon notice board ubao wa matangazon noun nominon novel kitabu cha hadithiadv now sasaadv nowadays siku hiziadv nowhere hakuna popoteadj nude uchi

numbern 1. numeral nambav 2. count hesabuphrase 3. a number of idadiabbrev 4. no. (see number) namban nurse muuguzi

nutn 1. fruit tundacolloq 2. mad person mwenda wazimun nutrition viakula/ulaji

Oadj obedient mtiifuv obey tii

objectn 1. thing chombon 2. aim kusudi/lengov 3. be against kinyumen objection pingamiziv obtain pata/pokeaadj obvious wazi wazi/dhahiri

46

occasion – only

n occasion sherehe/wakati/kisaadv occasionally sio kila wakatin occupation kazin ocean ziwaadv o’clock saa

oddadj 1. strange siyo kawaida/geniphrase 2. odd number namba isiyo gawanyika na mbiliprep of yaint of course kwaida/ndiyo

offadv 1. away from mbali naprep 2. opposite on ondoka colloq phr 3. Off you go! enenda sasa/ondoka sasan offence hatia/kosa

offern 1. proposal pendekezo/azimiov 2. present for approval kubalishan office offisin officer offisaaadj official halaliadv often wakati mwingi/mara kwa maraint oh! ah!

oiln 1. of petroleum petroliv 2. grease mafuta int okay sawa

oldadj 1. opposite new nzeeadj 2. opposite young mzeen old age uzeadj old-fashioned ya zamani

onprep 1. representing location kwenyeadj 2. opposite off washaphrase 3. on fire motoniphrase 4. on foot kwa miguuphrase 5. on time kwa saaphrase 6. on holidays likizoniphrase 7. on the left kushotophrase 8. on the right kuliaphrase 9. on top juu

onceadv 1. one time wakati mojaphrase 2. at once mara mojaphrase 3. once a week mara moja kwa wikiadj one mojan onion kitunguuadv only pekee

47

open – overcrowded

openadj 1. opposite of closed funguaphrase 2. in the open (outside) nje/wazi wazin opening kufungua

operatev 1. work kaziv 2. carry out surgery upasuajin operation opareshenin opinion wazon opportunity nafasiv oppose pingan opposite kinyume

orangeadj 1. colour rangin 2. fruit tundan orchestra waimbaji

ordern 1. numerical sequence mapangilio wa nambarin 2. direction for a supply njinsi yaku odav 3. put in sequence panga kwa mpagiliov 4. arrange supply of fanya odaadj ordinary kawaida

organn 1. musical instrument chombon 2. body part kiungun organisation kikundiv organise tayarishan origin mwanzopron other nyingineconj otherwise vinginepron our yetu

outadv 1. opposite in njeprep 2. out of kati yaphrase 3. Lights out! zimaphrase 4. made out of kutoka kwaphrase 5. out of bounds kaa kando/hujaruhusiwaphrase 6. out of date nzeephrase 7. out of order haribikaphrase 8. out of work bila kazi/kutoka kaziniadv outside njeadj oval (shape) mviringo

overadv 1. finished kamilishaprep 2. pertaining to location pahaliphrase 3. over and over mara nyingiphrase 4. over there palephrase 5. fall over tenganaadj overcrowded jaa watu

48

overdo – pass

v overdo zidishaadj overdue pita wakatin overhead projector mashini ya kuonyesha pichav overhear kusikiaadj overnight usiku kuchaadv overseas ngambo/ulayav oversleep kulala kupindukiav overtake pita mbelev owe daiphrase owing to (due to) ni ya

ownv 1. have pataphrase 2. his own money pesa zaken owner mwenyewen oxygen pumzi/hewa

Pv pack pangaphrase pack of cards furushi la kadin packet paketin pad (as note-pad) kitabun paddock kifulin page kurasapt v paid *see payn pain uchungu/maumivuv paint rangin painting kupaka rangin pair mbiliadj pale hafifun pan sufurian pants suruari n pantyhose shika n paper karatasin paragraph paragrafuadj parallel sabamban parallelogram umbo la urun parent mzazi

parkn 1. green space uwanjav 2. as a car agiza garin part sehemun participle (grammar) tenzi adj particular hasa/maalumn partner mwenzangu/mshirikaadj part-time wakati wa saan party (gathering) sherehe

passv 1. go by kupitiav 2. opposite of fail pita

49

passage – persuade

v 3. hand over patianaphrase 4. train pass pasi ya gari la moshin passage kifungon passenger abirian passport pasipoti

pastn 1. time gone by zamaniphrase 2. walk past pitiaphrase 3. half past three saa sita unusuphrase 4. past tense yaliyo pitan pasta chakula

pasten 1. glue shikisha/gundiv 2. stick with paste pakan path kichoro choro/njia

patientn 1. a person under medical

treatmentmgonjwa

adj 2. calm under stress tulian pause tulian paw kucha

payn 1. earnings ujira/patov 2. provide with money lipan pea njugun peace amaniadj peaceful kwa amanin pen kalamun pencil penselin pencil case mfuko wa penselin penguin pengwinin pentagon pembe tanon pepper pilipiliadv per cent kwa mian percentage kwa miaadj perfect sawav perform fanyan perfume manukatoadv perhaps pengine

periodn 1. school day division mhulan 2. pertaining to menstruation damu ya uke ya mwezin 3. amount of time wakatin permission ruhusa

permitn 1. licence leseni v 2. allow ruhusun person mtuv persuade pembeleza/uliza

50

pet – plate

n pet mnyama rafikin petrol petroliabbrev phone *see telephonen photocopy nakala

photographn 1. picture pichav 2. take a picture piga pichan phrase usemi adj physical asilin pianist mcheza/mpiga pianon piano piano/kinanda

pickv 1. choose chaguacolloq phr 2. pick on (bully) chukiacolloq phr 3. pick up some English fahamu lugha ya kingerezaphrase 4. take your pick chaguo lakon picnic pikinikin picture pichan piece sehemun pile kusanyan pill dawa/temben pillow sehemu ya kweka kichwan pilot rubanin pin pinin pineapple nanasin pipe mfereji pityn 1. shame aibuv 2. feel sorry for hurumia

placen 1. location pahaliv 2. put wekaphrase 3. take place (occur) tendeka phrase 4. my place (home) nyumbani/kwangu

plainn 1. field uwanjaadj 2. ordinary kawaida phrase 3. It’s plain (clear) ni kavu

plann 1. scheme mpango v 2. organise panga abbrev plane *see aeroplanen planet sayarin plant mumea

plasticadj 1. resinous substance plastikin 2. mouldable undika/umbikan plate (household item) sahani

51

platform – pool

platformn 1. on station jukwaan 2. for diving jukwaan platypus ndege wa majini/bata

playn 1. drama mchezo wa kugizav 2. have fun furahiaphrase 3. play a game cheza mchezophrase 4. play a CD cheza cd/mzikin playground uwanjaadj pleasant mzuriint please tafadhaliadj pleased furahishwan pleasure nafasin plenty nyingi

plugn 1. stopper simamizin 2. electrical sitimaphr v 3. plug in weka kwenye sitima

pluraladj 1. more than one zaidi ya mojan 2. grammar form hali ya utenziprep plus ongeza

pocketn 1. pouch mkufu/mfukon 2. pocket money mkufu/mfuko wa pesan poem msemon poet msemin poetry usemi

pointn 1. sharp end makalin 2. reason sababun 3. numerical value nambariv 4. gesture with finger onyeshaphr v 5. point out elekezaphrase 6. point of view wazov poke choman pole nguzon police askari/polisi

polishn 1. substance used for shining brashiv 2. make glossy pakaadj polite mpolen politics siasav pollute haribu n pollution uharibifun pool (of water) ziwa

52

poor – preparation

pooradj 1. opposite rich masikiniadj 2. not very good mbayacolloq 3. pitiable hurumiaabbrev pop *see popular adj popular mashuhurin population idadi

positionn 1. location pahali n 2. viewpoint on maoni

positiveadj 1. opposite negative dhahiriadj 2. sure hakikav possess kuwan possession maliadj possible wezekanan possum lalav post tuman postage stamp stampu ya kutuma baruan postcard postkadin post office postan poster matangazon pot (container) nyungu/sufuria/kopon potato viazin pot plant chungu cha mimean pouch mkufun powder poda

powern 1. strength nguvuphrase 2. in power (in charge) mwenye mamlaka/nguvuniadj powerful yenye nguvun power point sehemu ya nguvuadj practical mazoezin practice mazoeziv practise fanya/zoeza

praisen 1. appoval pendekazav 2. express approval pendekezov pray omban prayer ombiadj precious manufaav prefer chaguoadj pregnant mjamzito n prejudice upendeleo

premiern 1. state government leader gavanaadj 2. leading ongozan preparation tayarisha/maandalizi

53

prepare – progress

v prepare tayarishan preposition kuhusisha n prescription (doctor’s) barua ya dawa

presentn 1. gift zawadiv 2. give out peyanaadj 3. opposite absent kuwepophrase 4. at present (now) sasan president raisi

pressn 1. media wakusanya habariv 2. push bonyeza v pretend kujifanya adj pretty mrembo/mzuriv prevent zuiyaadj previous awalin price beiv prick gwaruzan pride furaha/majivunoadj primary mwazo/msingin primary school shule ya msingin prime minister waziri mkuu

principaln 1. school head mwalimu mkuuadj 2. leading ongozan principle mkuu wa chuo

printv 1. of handwriting andikav 2. of machine piga chapan printer (computer) printa/machini ya piga chapan prison jelaadj private binafsin prize tuzon probability wezekanoadj probable pengine/labdaadv probably huendan problem shida/tabuv proceed endelean process njinsin procession maandamano

producen 1. yield mavunov 2. make tengenezan product mazaon profession kazin professor msomi/profesan profit faidan program programun progress endelea

54

project – pyjamas

n project (as school project) programupromise

n 1. assurance hakikishov 2. vow ahadin pronoun tamshiv pronounce tamkon pronunciation matamshin proof ushahidiadj proper sawa sawaadv properly vizurin property maliv protect tunzan protection ulinzi

protestn 1. objection pingamiziv 2. object pingaadj proud kiburi/furahiav prove zibitishav provide toan pub bar/nyumba ya pombeadj public watu woten public school shule ya watu wotephrase public transport magari ya abiria

pullv 1. tug vutaphr v 2. pull down (demolish) bomoaphr v 3. pull up (stop) simamacolloq phr 4. pull oneself together kuji kuyatan pump weka pumziadj punctual kwa saav punish adhibun punishment adhabu

pupiln 1. eye part jicho/machon 2. school student mwanafunziadj pure bila mchanganyo adj purple rangi

pushv 1. exert force sukumaphr v 2. push in (go before your turn) sukumana

putv 1. place pahaliphr v 2. put away (pack up) weka kandophr v 3. put off (delay) cheleweshaphr v 4. put on (dress in) valia/vaaphr v 5. put out (as fire) zimaphr v 6. put up with (endure) vumilian puzzle hekaya/msemo/fichon pyjamas nguo ya kulala

55

pyramid – realise

n pyramid piramidi

Qv qualify (make competent) hitimu/boreshaadj quality uzurin quantity kiwangov quarrel fanya vita/gombanan quarter robon queen malkian question shwalin queue piga laini/msitariadj quick harakaadv quickly harakaadj quiet nyamaza/tuliaadv quietly kwa utulivuv quit wacha/ondokaadv quite achilia mbali

Rrace

n 1. competition mashindanon 2. ethnicity kabilav 3. compete shindanan racism ukabilan radio redion radius ukubwa/unenen railing kazi ya relin railway njia ya gari la moshin rain mvuan rain coat koti la mvuav raise inuapt v ran *see runpt v rang *see ringn range umbaliv rank mamlakaadj rapid haraka/upesiadj rare haban rash (skin eruption) upeleadv rather (to a certain extent) vinginevyoadj raw mbichi

reachv 1. arrive at fikaphrase 2. out of reach (unobtainable) mbali/pungufuv react jibun reaction jibuv read somaadj ready tayariadj real iliokov realise ng’amua/timiza

56

really – republic

adv really kweli/ndiyoadj rear nyuman reason sababuv receive (get) pokeaadj recent karibunin recess (morning tea) chai ya asubuhicolloq reckon (think or suppose) nafikiriv recognise tambuav record nakili

recountn 1. story genre hadithiav 2. narrate elezea

recoverv 1. get back patav 2. get better ponan rectangle mstatili adj red nyekunduv reduce punguzav refer tuman referee mwamuzin refrigerator barafun refugee mkimbiziv refuse kataan region sehemuv regret jutaadj regular kila wakatiadv regularly wakati woten relation (kin) ndugun relationship uhusianon relative wa nyumba/nduguv relax punzikan religion diniv remain bakin remark maoniv remember kumbukav remind kumbushan reminder kumbushov remove ondoa

rentn 1. payment for accommodation malipo ya nyumbav 2. hire kodi/pangav repeat rudiav replace badilishav reply jibu

reportn 1. written account ripotiv 2. give an account hadithia/elezean reporter muandishin republic nchi/jamhuri

57

request – ring

requestn 1. petition hajav 2. ask for ulizav rescue okoa

reserven 1. park egezav 2. keep aside hifadhin resident mkaazi/mkaajin respect heshiman responsibility jukumuadj responsible wajibu

restn 1. relaxation pumziko/starehev 2. relax pumzikan 3. remainder kumbushon restaurant nyumba ya kulia/restorantin rest room nyumba ya mapumzikon result matokeo

return rudishan 1. arrival back rudiv 2. go back to rudi tenav 3. give back to rudishiaphrase 4. return tickets tiketi ya kwenda na kurudi

reverseadj 1. opposite forward nyumav 2. go backwards rudi nyumav revise rekebisha

revolutionn 1. full circle kamilisha mzungukon 2. war vitan reward zawadin rhythm mwelekeon ribbon kitambaan rice mchele/waliadj rich tajiriv rid ondoav ride endesha

rightadj 1. opposite wrong mzuriadj 2. opposite left kuliaadv 3. direction njia/elekezon 4. just claim hakiphrase 5. all right (as for health) mzimaphrase 6. all right (as for agreement) vemaphrase 7. right now (immediately) hivi sasan right angle digrii tisini

ringn 1. jewellery petev 2. as a phone piga simu

58

ripe – run

v 3. as a bell piga kengeleadj ripe iva

risen 1. ascent inuka/pandav 2. get up amkan risk hatarishan river mton road barabarav roar nguruman robot robotin rock mawe/jiwen rockpool puli kwenye mawen rod fimbopt v rode *see ride

rolln 1. absentee list orodha la wasio hudhurian 2. form of bread mkatev 3. move by turning over geuzan roof paan room chumban root mzizin rope kamba

rosen 1. flower ua/mauapt v 2. *see riseadj rough siyo adalifu/siyo mpole

roundadj 1. circular mviringophrase 2. round the corner karibu na kona

rown 1. arrangement in a line panga kwa lainin 2. fight vitav 3. as a boat mtumbwi adj royal kifalmev rub suguan rubber raban rubbish uchafuadj rude kosa heshimav ruin haribu

rulen 1. regulation sheriav 2. as a line gawav 3. govern ongozan ruler (school equipment) chombo cha kuchorea/rula

runv 1. move fast kimbiaphrase 2. a river runs into the ocean Mto huteremuka kuelekea kwenye ziwa/

Mto huteremuka kuelekea ziwaniphr v 3. run away from torokaphr v 4. run out of maliza

59

rung – scissors

phr v 5. run over (with a car) pitia juun rung (of a ladder) ngazin runner-up mfuatiliziphrase runny nose homa ya mafuav rush harakisha

Sadj sad huzunika/kasirikaadj safe salama pt v said *see say

sailn 1. part of ship meli/mtumbwiv 2. cause movement of ship using

windsafiri kwa maji

n salad mboga/saladin salary mshaharan sale bei nafuun salt chumviadj same sawan sand mchangan sandal patapata/viatun sandwich sandiwichi pt v sang *see singpt v sat *see sitn satisfaction tosheleka/kuridhikaadj satisfactory toshelesha/kuridhishaadj satisfied toshekav satisfy toshelashan sauce supun sausage matumbo/motura

savev 1. rescue okoav 2. keep on computer hifadhiv 3. keep as money hifadhi

sawn 1. tool sawpt v 2. *see seev say sema

scalen 1. covering on animals ngozin 2. measuring device ratiliadj scarce punguani/chachen scarf kitambaa/shalin scene pahalin scenery uanin school shulen school shoe viatu vya shulen science sayansin scissors makazi

60

score – set

scoren 1. points made in a game alamav 2. to get points pata alamav scream piga ndurun screen zuiyon screw shikishan sea ziwan seagull ndege wa majini

searchn 1. the act of searching pelepele/uvumbuziv 2. look for tafutan season msimun seat kiti

secondn 1. unit of time nuktaadj 2. after first wa piliadv secondly ya pili

secretn 1. something hidden fichwaadj 2. unknown by others sirin section sehemuv see angalian seed mbeguv seek tafutaadv seldom mara chache/si aghdlabuv select chaguaadj selfish mchoyov sell uzav send tuma

sensen 1. one of the five faculties hisiaphrase 2. make sense (be intelligible) wazoadj sensible elewekapt v sent *see sendn sentence sentensi

separateadj 1. disconnected katishwav 2. to keep apart tawanyan sequence fuatilizin series mfuatiliyo

seriousadj 1. important muhimiadj 2. opposite of lighthearted mbayan servant mtumwa/mtumishiv serve hudumian service huduma

setv 1. to put in a particular place pangan 2. a group of things fungo

61

settle – short cut

phr v 3. set off (go) ondoka/kwendaphr v 4. set out (put in order) pangiliaphr v 5. set up (prepare) tayarisha

settlev 1. to live in ishiphr v 2. settle on (agree on) kubalianan settlement malipo/maagano/makubalianon settler mkaaziadj several nyingiv sew shonan sex uzazi/jinsia n sexism chukizo/dharao kwa sababu ya uzazin shade kivuli/punguzan shadow kivuliv shake tikisa/tingizav shall itakuwaadj shallow siyo ndani/karibu n shame aibun shampoo sabuni ya nywelen shape umbo

sharen 1. portion sehemuv 2. divide up gawaadj sharp kalin sharpener makaliv shave nyoapron she yeyen sheep kondoo

sheetn 1. of paper karatasin 2. of bedding malazin shelf kabatin shell (of sea) nyumba ya konokonon shelter nyumba/makaaziv shine angazaadj shiny angazikan ship melin shirt shatin shock shituka/mshangaon shoe kiatuv shoot piga risasi

shopn 1. place to buy goods dukav 2. buy goods nunuan shore ufuoni

shortadj 1. opposite tall mfupiadj 2. opposite long karibun short-cut njia ya mkato

62

shorts – skate

n shorts (clothing) suruarishot

n 1. gunfire piga risasipt v 2. *see shootv should lazimav shout kwa sautiv shove piga chenga

showv 1. display onyeshon 2. as on TV onyeshaphr v 3. show off (be pretentious) ringa

showern 1. weather condition mvuav 2. wash oneself oga mwilin 3. bathroom apparatus bafuv shrink kunyatav shut fungaadj shy aibuadj sick ugua/mgojwan sick bay chumba cha wagonjwan side upandeadv sideways kando kandon sight macho

signn 1. information board ubao wa matangazov 2. write one’s signature weka sahihin signal isharan signature sahihin sign language kuongea kwa isharan silence kimyaadj silent nyamavu/kimyan silk haririadj silly mjingan silver shabaadj similar sawasawaadj simple rahisiv sing imbaadj single pekee/mojan singlet vesitin singular (grammatical) umoja

sinkn 1. tub for washing besheni ya majiv 2. go down zaman Sir (respectful form of address) muheshimiwa/bwanan sister dadav sit keti

skatev 1. glide over the ground rukan 2. equipment for skating sketi

63

skateboard – so

n skateboard bodi ya sketin skateboarding ogelea ukitumia sketi bodin ski tereza kwenye barafun skiing mchezo wa bafaruadj skilful kwa makinin skill ujuzin skin ngozi

skipv 1. jump rukav 2. pass over wachan skirt sketin sky anganin slang lugha ya mtaav slap piga kofin slave mtumwav sleep lalaadj sleepy usingizipt v slept *see sleepn slice kipandev slide terezaadj slim nyebamban sling tupa/ninginiav slip terezan slipper (type of shoe) patapataadj slippery teleziv slit gawanya/pasua/katan slope mteremko

slowadj 1. opposite fast polepoleadj 2. behind time chelewaadv slowly polepoleadj small kidogoadj smart (clever) mwerevuv smash vunja

smelln 1. odour uvundov 2. inhale an odour nusia uvundu

smilen 1. facial expression tabasamuv 2. make facial expression geuza/badilisha sura

smoken 1. visible substance from fire moshiv 2. inhale a substance vuta sigaraadj smooth lainin snack chakulan snake nyokav sneeze chafyan snow barafuconj so (consequently) kwa hivyo

64

soap – sphere

n soap sabunin soccer mchezo wa mipira wa miguun society jamiin sock (clothing) sokisi

softadj 1. opposite hard nyofu adj 2. opposite loud sauti nyororoadv softly kwa unyofupt v sold *see sell

solidadj 1. having three dimensions dhabitin 2. matter that is not liquid or gas ngumu

solutionn 1. answer jawabun 2. mixture (scientific) mchanganyikov solve suluhisha/tatuadet some baadhin somebody mtu fulani n someone mtu fulaniadv sometimes wakati mwinginen son mtoto wa kiume/mwana wa kiumen song wimboadv soon karibuni

soreadj 1. painful uchungu/n 2. painful spot kidonda phrase 3. sore throat kidonda cha kooadj sorry polev sort chaguan soul rohon sound sautin soup supu/mchuziadj sour chungun south kusini

spacen 1. outside earth’s atmosphere anganin 2. room chumban spade jembeadj spare hifadhi v speak ongeaadj special muhimun speech tamko

speedn 1. rapidity kwa harakav 2. go fast harakav spell nakiliv spend tumiapt v spent *see spendn sphere angani

65

spill – starfish

v spill mwagav spin zungushan spirit (soul) rohov spit temav splash mwaga/rusha majiv split gawanya/gawav spoil haribupt v spoke *see speakn spoon kijikon sport mchezon sports oval uwanja wa michezon sports shoe viatu vya michezo

spotn 1. circular pattern duaran 2. sore kidondan 3. place pahaliv 4. see angalia/onav spread sambaza/tawanya

springn 1. season msimu/majirav 2. jump ruka

spyn 1. person who keeps secret

watch on othersjasusi

v 2. watch saa ya mkonosquare

n 1. plane figure mrabaadj 2. shaped as a square mchemraban staffroom chumba cha wafanyakazin stage jukwaan stair ngazi

stampn 1. as for postage stampuv 2. impress a mark on wepa alamav 3. strike with foot kanyanga kwanguvu

standv 1. take upright position simamaphr v 2. stand back kandophr v 3. stand for (signify) simamia/maanishaphr v 4. stand up for (defend) lindacolloq phr 5. I can’t stand it (I hate it) sipendin standard yenye kufaa/sahihi

starn 1. astral body nyotan 2. famous actor, singer etc. muigizajiadj 3. shape mafano wa nyotan starfish samaki

66

start – stop

startn 1. beginning mwanzov 2. begin anza

statev 1. say seman 2. political division sehemu ya ubunge/serikalin statement andiko

stationn 1. of railway steshenin 2. police station kituo cha polisin statue sanamuv stay bakiadj steady thabitin steak nyama ya mguu/mnofuv steal iban steam mvuken steel chumaadj steep mteremkon stem shina

stepv 1. move using feet hatuan 2. stair ngaziphrase 3. watch your step (be careful) tembea kwa uangalifun stepbrother ndugu wakambon stepfather baba wakambon stepmother mama wakambon stepsister dada wakambo

stickv 1. fasten shikishan 2. piece of wood kijitiadj sticky yenye kushikashikaadj stiff ngumu

stilladv 1. without moving imaraadv 2. yet badov sting dunga

stinkn 1. bad odour uvundov 2. smell very bad nuka vibaya sanav stir korogapt v stole *see stealn stomach tumbon stomach ache maumivu ya tumbon stone mawept v stood *see stand

stopn 1. cessation simamisha/komeshav 2. halt simama

67

store – suburb

n store weka/hifadhin storey orofan storm dhoruban story hadithin stove jikon stove top kifuniko cha jiko

straightadj 1. not crooked mnyofuadj 2. not wavy or curly (of hair) lainiphrase 3. straight ahead mbele/tanguliav straighten nyoroshav strain gadhaibikaadj strange genin stranger mgenin strawberry matundan stream mton street barabaran strength nguvu

stressv 1. put emphasis on sisitizan 2. tension wazaadj strict goma

strikev 1. hit piga/gongan 2. blow lipuaphrase 3. on strike (not working) mgomon string kamban strip vua nguov stroke ugonjwa wa kukimbia damuadj strong (powerful) mwenye nguvun struggle sumbukapt v stuck *see stickn student mwanafunzi

studyn 1. room of house chumba cha kusomeav 2. endeavour to acquire

knowledgesoma

stuffn 1. material chombov 2. push sukumaadj stupid mjingan style mtindo

subjectn 1. course of study somon 2. topic kichwa/madan substance mwili/kiungav subtract punguzan subtraction toan suburb mji/kijiji

68

succeed – survey

v succeed faulun success kufaulu/mafanikiov suck nyonyaadj sudden ghaflaadv suddenly kwa ghaflav suffer uguan sugar sukariv suggest pendekezan suggestion pendekezo/dokezo

suitn 1. clothing sutiv 2. be appropriate faaadj suitable kubalika/mzurin sum (total) jumlan summer majiri ya juan sun juan sunburn kuchomeka kwa juan sunglasses miwani ya kuzuia juan sunhat kofia ya kuzuia juaadj sunny juan sunscreen pazia/kateni ya kuzua juan sunshine mwangaza wa jua

supplyn 1. provisions mapato/malipov 2. provide patia/pea

supportn 1. assistance msaadav 2. provide assistance kusaidiav suppose (assume) ikiwaadj sure hakika

surfn 1. seaswell wimbiv 2. ride a surfboard piga binzin surface sakafun surfboard bodi ya kuogelean surfer ugua

surgeryn 1. doctor’s room chumba cha upasuajin 2. operation by doctor upasuajin surname jina la familia

surprisen 1. unexpected event mshangaov 2. catch unprepared bumbuaziadj 3. unexpected gutukav surrender salimishav surround zunguka

surveyn 1. poll hesabuv 2. ask questions of uliza maswali

69

survival – tame

n survival stawiv survive stahimili/stawishan swagman msafiri/mfanya kaziv swallow mezapt v swam *see swim

swearv 1. use bad language tukanav 2. take oath of truth apa/apiswav sweep fagiaadj sweet tamun sweet corn mahindi tamun sweet potato viazi vitamuv swim ogelean swimmer muogeleajin swimming kuogelean swimming carnival tamasha ongelezin swimming costume mavazi ya kuogelea

swingv 1. sway pembean 2. play equipment cheza chombo

switchn 1. device for turning on/off kinobuv 2. change badilishaadj swollen uvimbephrase swollen ankle uvimbe wa mguun sword kisu/upanga

Ttable

n 1. furniture mezan 2. list yaliyomon table tennis mipira wa mezanin tablet (medication) temben tail mkia

takev 1. seize tekav 2. last for (as time) dumu/ishiphr v 3. take away (mathematical) toaphr v 4. take away (remove) gawaphr v 5. take away (fast food) chakula cha njianiphr v 6. take off (as clothing) vuaphr v 7. take off (as plane) paan tale hadithi

talkn 1. conversation maongeziv 2. converse ongeaadj tall mrefu/ndefuadj tame fuga

70

tan – terrific

tanv 1. sunbake pika ukitumia juaadj 2. colour rangin tank tangi n tap (as for water) mferejiv tape (record) nakili/kaningan task jukumu/kazi

tastev 1. sample ladhaphrase 2. the food tastes good chakula niki tamu/

chakula kina onja vizuriadj tasty tamupt v taught *see teachn tax ushurun taxi tekisi/taxi

tean 1. beverage chain 2. dinner chakula cha mchanav teach fundisha/someshan teacher mwalimun teacher’s aide maelezo ya mwalimun team timu

tearv 1. rip katan 2. liquid from the eye machoziv tease kejeli/chokozan technology teknolojian teenager kijana

telephonen 1. device for phoning simuv 2. ring piga simun telephone booth chumba cha simun telescope darubini

televisionn 1. receiver for broadcasts televisheniabbrev 2. TVv tell ambia/seman temper hasira/ghadhabun temperature kiwango cha joton temple kanisaadj temporary kwa mudan tennis tenisin tent hema

termn 1. a period of time muhula n 2. a naming word jinaadj terrible mbayaadj terrific kuogofya

71

test – tie

testn 1. examination mtihaniv 2. check jaribun text kurasa

thankv 1. express appreciation asantephrase 2. give thanks sukuruint 3. thank you (polite expression of

gratitude)asante sana

thatpron 1. indicator of person or thing hiyo/huyoconj 2. used as subject of relative

clausehilo

det the a/un theatre ukumbi wa mikutanopron their yaopron them waoadv then wakati huoadv there paleconj therefore kwahivyon thermometer kipimo cha jotopron they wao/haoadj thick kubwan thief mwiziadj thin nyembambav think fikirin thong (footwear) viatu

thoughtn 1. idea wazopt v 2. *see think

threadn 1. cotton pambav 2. put through eye of needle weka uzi kwenye jicho la shindanopt v threw *see throwprep through (from one side to

another)pitia

v throw tupan thumb kidole cha gumban thunder radin thunderstorm mvua ya ngurumoadv thus kwa hivyov tick (indicate correctness) alama ya kuwa sawan ticket tiketin tide upepoadj tidy safi

tien 1. clothing taiv 2. fasten fungan 3. equal place sawasawa

72

tight – town

adj tight kazav tilt inamisha

timen 1. measurement of duration saaphrase 2. in time (not late) kwa saaphrase 3. on time (at the appointed time) kwa wakati kamiliphrase 4. at times mara kwa maraphrase 5. a good time waki mzuriphrase 6. take your time (don’t rush) nafasiphrase 7. What’s the time? ni saa ngapi?phrase 8. two times four (mathematical) mbili piga mara na nnen timetable ratiba

tipn 1. hint dokezon 2. rubbish dump takatakav 3. tilt inamishan 4. pointed extremity makali phr v 5. tip over (spill) mwagan tissue kitambaan title cheoprep to kwan today leon toe kidole cha mguuadv together pamojan toilet choopt v told *see telln tomato nyanyan tomorrow keshon tongue ulimipt v took *see taken tool chombon tooth jinon toothache maumivu ya jino

topn 1. highest point kilelen 2. clothing shatin topic kichwapt v tore *see tear

totaln 1. complete amount yote/timilifuv 2. add up hesabu/jumlav touch guzan tour tembeav tow vutaprep towards kwelekan towel taulon tower juu/jukuan town mji

73

toy – turn

n toy toiv trace tafutan track (pathway) njian tracksuit vazi la mazoezin tractor tingatinga

traden 1. exchange of commodities biasharav 2. carry on trade fanya biasharan traffic magari

trainn 1. means of transport gari la moshiv 2. practise mazoezi

trapn 1. device for catching things mtegov 2. catch kamata/shikan trapezium pembe tanov travel safariv tread jinsiv treat (as a disease) tibun tree mtiv tremble tetemekan triangle pembe tatuphrase triangular prism pembe mchen tribe kabilav trick tegav trim punguza/kata

tripn 1. journey safariv 2. fall over angukaadj tropical joto

troublen 1. problem shidav 2. cause worry taabishaphr 3. in trouble with taabani/kwenye shidan trousers suruari ndefun truck gariadj true kwelin trunk (as of elephant) pembe

tryn 1. attempt jaribuphrase 2. try hard jaribuphr v 3. try on (as for clothing) valiaphr v 4. try out for (audition for) jaribu n T-shirt nguon tub baseni/bafun tube mpira

turnv 1. move around geuka

74

twice – urge

n 2. action following someone else’s

mwingine

phr v 3. turn into (become) kuwaphr v 4. turn off (switch off) zimaphr v 5. turn on washaphr v 6. turn up (arrive) wasili/fikaadv twice mara mbiliv twist geuza

typen 1. kind namnav 2. use a machine to write piga chapan tyre tairi

Uadj ugly sura mbayan umbrella mwavulin uncle mjombaadj unconscious poteza fahamuprep under chiniv undergo pitiaadj underground chini ya arthiv underline piga msitariadv underneath chinin underpants suruari ya ndaniv understand elewapt v understood *see

understandn underwear vazi la ndaniv undo rudiaadj unemployed bila kazin uniform unifomun union kusanyiko

unitn 1. type of housing nyumba ya kukomboan 2. measurement kipimov unite kutanishan universe dunian university chuo kikuuprep until mpakaadj unusual sikawaidaprep up (to a higher place) juuprep upon (up and on) juu yaadj upper juu kidogoadj upright myofu/aminifu/adilifuadj upset kasirikaadj upside-down inamishaadv upstairs gorofaniv urge uliza

75

urgent – wall

adj urgent harakapron us sisi

usen 1. the act of using tumiav 2. employ tumiaadj used (not new) mtumba

Vn vaccination chanjoadj vain buren valley bondeadj valuable fani

valuen 1. worth thamaniv 2. to hold in high esteem thamanin van (truck) garin variety nyingiv vary tofautiadj various kadhaa/mbali mbalin vegetable mbogan vegetable garden shamba la mbogan vegetarian mla mbogan vehicle garin verandah verandan verb kitendo adv very mnoabbrev vet *see veterinariann veterinarian daktari wa mifugon video (recording) rekodi videon view onin village kijijiadj violent dhalimun violin chombo cha mzikiv visit tembelean visitor mgenin voice sautin volleyball (game) voliboli/mchezo wa mpira wa mikonon volume ukubwav vote chaguan vowel sauti nyororo/voelin voyage safari

Wn wage pato/ujirav wait subiri/ngonjeav wake amkav walk tembean walkway njia n wall ukuta

76

wallaby – Web

n wallaby mnyama/wallabyn wallet pochiv wander hanjav want hitajin war vitan waratah waratahn wardrobe sanduku adj warm (opposite cool) mto/jotoadj warm-blooded wanyama wa arthiniv warn onyan warning onyopt v was *see be

washv 1. clean with water oshaphr v 2. wash up (of dishes) osha vyombon washing machine (clothes) mashini ya kuosha nguo

wastev 1. employ uselessly ajiri kiholelan 2. rejected products bidhaa ovu

watchn 1. timepiece saa ya mkonov 2. look at angaliaphr v 3. watch out (be careful) mwangalifu

watern 1. liquid majiv 2. moisten lowa mjin watermelon tundan wattle tree mti

waven 1. swell of water wimbiv 2. make a hand signal pungaadj wavy kiwimbin wax waxi

wayn 1. road barabaraphrase 2. a long way mbaliphrase 3. a good way vizuriphrase 4. give way pishapron we sisiadj weak mlegefun wealth maliadj wealthy tajirin weapon silaha

wearv 1. erode toweka/kulikav 2. put on (as for clothing) vaa/valian web (as for spider) netiabbrev Web *see World Wide

Web

77

wedding – width

n wedding harusin week wikiv weigh piman weight uzito

welcomen 1. a kind greeting karibuint 2. You’re welcome! (polite

response to thank you)asante sana

welln 1. hole in earth kizimaadj 2. in good health mzimaadv 3. in a satisfactory manner vizuri/mzuriint 4. Well! (expresses relief, pause) ndiyo!int 5. Well done! pongezi!pt v went *see gopt v were *see ben west magaribi

wetv 1. moisten lowa mjiadj 2. opposite dry maji majipron what (interrogative) nini/jen wheel gurudumupron when (interrogative) liniconj whenever kila marapron where (interrogative) wapi

which pron 1. what one of a number

(interrogative)gani?

pron 2. relative (refers to something previously mentioned)

ipi

conj while wakatin whip charazav whisper nongoneza

whistlev 1. make a musical sound binjan 2. equipment used to make a

soundfirimbi

adj white nyeupen whiteboard bodi ya kuadikia

whopron 1. interrogative ulizapron 2. relative pronoun naniadj whole mzimaadv why kwaniniadj wicked moavuadj wide panan widow mjane/mfamkun widower mfiliwan width upande/unene

78

wild – write

adj wild kinyamawill

v 1. auxiliary used in future tense nitan 2. declaration of wishes on one’s

deathmrithi

n 3. choice of one’s actions pendekezov win shinda

windn 1. movement of air upepov 2. turn in a circular way zungukacolloq phr 3. wind up (finish) malizaphr v 4. wind up (as a clock) sawazishan windmill mashine ya upepon window dirishan window sill gamu ya dirishaadj windy upepon wing upanden winter majira ya baridiv wipe panguzan wire wayaadj wise mwerevun wish pendaprep with pamojav withdraw (as for money) toan witness shuhudiapt v woke *see waken woman mwanamken wombat mnyama pt v won *see winv wonder shangaan wood mbaon woodwork kazi ya mbaon wool pamban word nenopt v wore *see wear

workn 1. labour kaziv 2. carry out labour fanya kaziv 3. be operational kaziniphr v 4. work out (solve) kutatuan world dunian World Wide Web mfumo enezi wa habariv worry wasi wasiadv worse mbayan worth garimuv wrap funga/kunja v wring finyan wrist sehemu ya mkonov write andika

79

wrong – zucchini

adj wrong (incorrect) siosahihipt v wrote *see writeabbrev www * see World Wide

Web

Xn x-ray picha ya eksirei

Yn yacht mtumbwi/melin yard yadiv yawn muayon year mwakaadj yellow manjanoint yes ndiyon yesterday janapron you weweadj young mchangapron your (possessive) yenyu

Zn zone eneon zoo hifathi la wanyaman zucchini mboga

80

Appendix 1

Numerals and Ordinals

Symbol Numeral Ordinal

1 one first

2 two second

3 three third

4 four fourth

5 five fifth

6 six sixth

7 seven seventh

8 eight eighth

9 nine ninth

10 ten tenth

11 eleven eleventh

12 twelve twelfth

13 thirteen thirteenth

14 fourteen fourteenth

15 fifteen fifteenth

16 sixteen sixteenth

17 seventeen seventeenth

18 eighteen eighteenth

19 nineteen nineteenth

20 twenty twentieth

30 thirty thirtieth

40 forty fortieth

50 fifty fiftieth

60 sixty sixtieth

70 seventy seventieth

80 eighty eightieth

90 ninety ninetieth

100 one hundred one hundredth

1000 one thousand one thousandth

10000 ten thousand ten thousandth

100000 one hundred thousand one hundred thousandth

1000000 one million one millionth

81

Appendix 2

Common Countries/States and their Adjectival Forms

Country/State Adjectival Form Country/State Adjectival Form

Afghanistan Afghani Japan Japanese

Argentina Argentinian Korea Korean

Bangladesh Bangladeshi Kosovo Kosovar

Bolivia Bolivian Kurdistan Kurdish

Brazil Brazilian Laos Laotian

Bulgaria Bulgarian Lebanon Lebanese

Cambodia Cambodian Macedonia Macedonian

Chile Chilean Malaysia Malaysian

China Chinese Nigeria Nigerian

Colombia Colombian Pakistan Pakistani

Cook Islands Cook Islanders Peru Peruvian

Croatia Croatian Philippines Filipino

East Timor East Timorese Poland Polish

Ecuador Ecuadorian Portugal Portuguese

Egypt Egyptian Russia Russian

El Salvador El Salvadorian Samoa Samoan

Eritrea Eritrean Serbia Serbian

Ethiopia Ethiopian Somalia Somalian

Fiji Fijian Sudan Sudanese

Ghana Ghanian Syria Syrian

Greece Greek Taiwan Taiwanese

Hungary Hungarian Thailand Thai

India Indian Tonga Tongan

Indonesia Indonesian Turkey Turkish

Iran Iranian Ukraine Ukrainian

Iraq Iraqi Uruguay Uruguayan

Israel Israeli Venezuela Venezuelan

Italy Italian Vietnam Vietnamese

82

Appendix 3

Common Irregular Verbs

Base Form Past Tense Past participleawake awoke awokenbe was, were beenbeat beat beatenbecome became becomebegin began begunbend bent bentbet bet betbid bid bidbite bit bittenblow blew blownbreak broke brokenbring brought broughtbuild built builtburn burned/burnt burned/burntbuy bought boughtcatch caught caughtchoose chose chosencome came comecost cost costcut cut cutdig dug dugdo did donedraw drew drawndream dreamed/dreamt dreamed/dreamtdrive drove drivendrink drank drunkeat ate eatenfall fell fallenfeel felt feltfight fought foughtfind found foundfly flew flownforget forgot forgottenforgive forgave forgivenfreeze froze frozenget got gottengive gave givengo went gonegrow grew grownhang hung hunghave had hadhear heard heardhide hid hiddenhit hit hithold held held

83

Common Irregular Verbs (continued)

Base Form Past Tense Past participlehurt hurt hurtkeep kept keptknow knew knownlay laid laidlead led ledlearn learned/learnt learned/learntleave left leftlend lent lentlet let letlie lay lainlose lost lostmake made mademean meant meantmeet met metpay paid paidput put putread read readride rode riddenring rang rungrise rose risenrun ran runsay said saidsee saw seensell sold soldsend sent sentshow showed showed/shownshut shut shutsing sang sungsit sat satsleep slept sleptspeak spoke spokenspend spent spentstand stood stoodswim swam swumtake took takenteach taught taughttear tore torntell told told think thought thoughtthrow threw thrownunderstand understood understoodwake woke wokenwear wore wornwin won wonwrite wrote written

84

Appendix 4

Times

Analog time 24 hour time12.00am 12 o’clock; midnight 00:00 zero zero hundred hours1.00am 1 o’clock 01:00 zero one hundred hours2.00am 2 o’clock 02:00 zero two hundred hours3.00am 3 o’clock 03.00 zero three hundred hours4.00am 4 o’clock 04.00 zero four hundred hours5.00am 5 o’clock 05.00 zero five hundred hours6.00am 6 o’clock 06:00 zero six hundred hours 7.00am 7 o’clock 07:00 zero seven hundred hours8.00am 8 o’clock 08:00 zero eight hundred hours9.00am 9 o’clock 09.00 zero nine hundred hours10.00am 10 o’clock 10:00 ten hundred hours11.00am 11 o’clock 11:00 eleven hundred hours12.00pm 12 o’clock; midday; noon 12:00 twelve hundred hours1.00pm 1 o’clock 13:00 thirteen hundred hours2.00pm 2 o’clock 14:00 fourteen hundred hours3.00pm 3 o’clock 15:00 fifteen hundred hours4.00pm 4 o’clock 16:00 sixteen hundred hours5.00pm 5 o’clock 17:00 seventeen hundred hours6.00pm 6 o’clock 18:00 eighteen hundred hours7.00pm 7 o’clock 19:00 nineteen hundred hours8.00pm 8 o’clock 20:00 twenty hundred hours9.00pm 9 o’clock 21:00 twenty one hundred hours10.00pm 10 o’clock 22:00 twenty two hundred hours11.00pm 11 o’clock 23:00 twenty three hundred hours

Examples of quarter and half hours (analog)

quarter to three2.45am or 2.45pm

three o’clock3.00am or 3.00pm

quarter past three3.15am or 3.15pm

half past three3.30am or 3.30pm

zero two forty five zero three hundred hours zero three fifteen zero three thirty

Examples of quarter and half hours (24 hour time)

85

Appendix 5

Days of the week/Months of the year/Units of time Days Months Units of timeMonday January 60 seconds = 1 minute

Tuesday February 60 minutes = 1 hour

Wednesday March 24 hours = 1 day

Thursday April 7 days = 1 week

Friday May 4 weeks = 1 month

Saturday June 12 months = 1 year

Sunday July 4 years = 1 leap year

August 10 years = 1 decade

September 100 years = 1 century

October 1000 years = 1 millenium

November

December

Appendix 6

Weights and measures

Weight (mass) Length Volume1000 milligrams = 1 gram 1000 millimetres = 1 metre 1000 millilitres = 1 litre

1000 grams = 1 kilogram 100 centimetres = 1 metre 1000 litres = 1 cubic metre1000 kilograms = 1 metric tonne 1000 metres = 1 kilometre

Bibliography

Australian Learners Dictionary, 1997, National Centre for English Language Teaching and Research, Macquarie University, NSW.

Horton, D. (ed.) 1994, The Encyclopaedia of Aboriginal Australia: Aboriginal Torres Strait Islander History, Society and Culture, vols 1-2, Aboriginal Studies Press, Canberra.

The Macquarie Dictionary, 1997, 3rd edn, Macquarie University, NSW.

My First Macquarie Dictionary, 1987, Jacaranda Press, Sydney.

NSW Department of School Education. 1994, New Arrivals Dictionaries, 16 vols, Disadvantaged Schools Program, Erskineville.

Oxford Elementary Learner’s Dictionary, 1994, 2nd edn, Oxford University Press, Oxford.