Bike East Bay

THE MISSING LINK

STUDENT TEAM: KEVIN JOHNSON / CONRAD LINGERFELT / DAN REARDON / CHARLIE SIMPSON / JEAN-PAUL TORRESINSTRUCTORS: LEAH STOCKSTROM / NICOLA SZIBBO / ERIC ANDERSON / H. FERNANDO BURGA // [IN]CITY 2014

Highway 24

I-580

51st

20th

Tele

grap

h Av

enue

Region LocalOUR MISSION:Provide a useful tool for analyzing the economic vibrancy of Telegraph. This tool can be used to measure efficacy of bike infrastructure via economic indicators on Telegraph and beyond.

Bike East BayGoal: Promoting bicycling as everyday means of transportation and recreation as “safe, convenient, and enjoyable” for people of the East Bay

Involvement on Telegraph Complete Streets• Project stakeholder • Conducted surveys on the corridor • Ensured the needs of bicyclists on the corridor are being addressed through

the planning process.

They approached us to help make a valid relation between bicycle infrastructure and the economic vitality of a business area.

EXISTING

PROPOSED

Telegraph Avenue Complete Streets Plan

Remove 1 travel lane

Move parking; New buffer

Replace with Cycle track

Changes

Telegraph Avenue Complete Streets Plan is a City of Oakland project to redesign Telegraph for walking, bicycling, riding transit, and driving between 20th and 57th Streets. The goal is to improve the experience for the thousands of people walking and bicycling Telegraph everyday. A variety of design concepts have been completed by the City of Oakland with Bike East Bay pushing for parking-protected bikeways the entire length of Telegraph.

Introduction: Client and Project

THE MISSING LINK


OutlineAnalysis: National Scale

Economic Benefits of Complete Streets

Opening the Street to All Users

Analysis: Local Scale

Current Conditions on Telegraph

The Space Between Place

Bicycle-Driven Sales and Business Types

Methodology

Learning from Precedent Studies

Sales Data

Surveys

We begin our analysis of the Telegraph Complete Streets project by exploring similar projects and nationwide efforts to expand street access.

Vancouver New York City

Toronto San Francisco

We continue our analysis by investigating the local situation on Telegraph Avenue: the conditions for current business patrons, the present mix of business types and how it may shape bicycle-driven commerce, and the possibilities open for future development.

We conclude our report with a comparison of previous studies of bicycles and business, extracting a new best practices model for studying the effects of the Telegraph Complete Streets, as well as other projects in the future.

Outline: National and Local Context

SALES TAX DATA

MERCHANT & PEDESTRIAN SURVEYS

+1 YEAR BEFORE & 2 YEARS AFTER

RETAIL, FOOD, SERVICE ONLY

COMPARE IMPROVEMENT SITE, COMPARISON SITE, & WHOLE NEIGHBORHOOD

THE MISSING LINK


SECONDARY ECONOMIC BENEFITS OF COMPLETE STREETSCompleting the street involves treatments that balance out mode options on a given corridor. Updating facilities that serve modes outside the traditional automobile has demonstrated overall benefits to the roadway user and businesses along the corridor.

Case Study: Vanderbilt Avenue Road Diet, New YorkVanderbilt Avenue in New York underwent a complete street, road diet treatment with the goal of improving streetscape and providing pedestrian safety and comfort improvements. This demonstrated a growth of 102% in post-improvement sales by businesses on the corridor.

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Transit Treatments and Economic BenefitsCase Study: New York Select Bus Service, Fordham RoadConstruction of Select Bus Service in New York which included dedicated curbside bus lanes, off board fare collection, all-door boarding, peak hour parking removal demonstrated a 71% growth in business sales in the 3rd year following post-improvement.

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SidewalkCycle track

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Pedestrian Treatments and Economic Benefits

Safety islands were added for comfort

Median placed in to narrow the roadway, making the crossing distance shorter for pedestrians

The addition of the median and bike lane narrowed the perceived roadway for traffic calming

102%

3rd year retail sales, post road diet improvements

Bus bulb outs eliminates bus serving

Off-board payment helps to reduce dwell time

All door boarding speeds up boarding and off boarding

71%

3rd year retail sales, post road diet improvements

Local ImprovementsTelegraph Ave

Local ImprovementsTelegraph Ave

• Safety Islands• Ped bulb outs• Narrowed travel

lane• Shorter crossing

distance

• Bus stop islands• Stops on travel

lane

Non-motorized improvements that come along with complete streets projects have real economic impacts for the businesses and merchants on the corridor

A B C

A

BC

Analysis: National Scale

THE MISSING LINK


Analysis: National Scale

Segregated bikeways appeal to a wide variety of demographics, improve the pedestrian realm and therefore could increase economic vibrancy on Telegraph.

HOW MIGHT “COMPLETING” THE STREET CHANGE BEHAVIOR?

PROPOSED DESIGN OPTIONS • Numerous street design options have been proposed for

Telegraph Avenue ranging from Class 3 (“sharrows”) to Class 1 (parking protected “cycletracks”).

• Studies have shown that cyclists tend to visit local businesses more often and spend more money overall. Putting cyclists next to the curb with a parking separated facility gives them a direct sight line to store fronts as well as effortless access should they choose to stop.

• Parking separated cycletracks also move car traffic further from storefronts creating a more quieter and more inviting pedestrian realm.

A Women’s Cycling Survey conducted by The Association of Pedestrian and Bicycle Professionals (APBP), found that more bike lanes and especially separated facilities were amongst top concerns for female cyclists. Given that women represent an equal share of consumers, and that many businesses along Telegraph are geared towards women, a segregated facility is likely to be best for business.

DESIGN AND DEMOGRAPHICS

DESIGN ALTERNATIVES

• People (and therefore shoppers) are attracted to green space and open space. As a recent New York Times article reported, opening the High Line park in Chelsea (situated on top of a former railway track) generated $2 billion in revenue for the area.

• Oakland should consider the many examples around the world of ideal pedestrian spaces creating the highest economic yield in their designs for Telegraph.

More bike lanes

Completely separated off-road cycling paths

Better connectivity/more direct routes

Wider lanes on the roads

62%

46%

44%

44%

13,000 Women were asked:

What would cause you to start cycling?

THE MISSING LINK



Automotive traffic is not conducive to a thriving business district on Telegraph.

WHAT IS THE EXPERIENCE OF TELEGRAPH BUSINESS PATRONS NOW?

Pedestrians: Cyclists:

Transit Riders: Drivers:

High traffic speeds create noise and a sense of danger.

Blind spots at crossings without bulbouts are unsafe.

Cyclist speed is determined by traffic. Slowing down to check out business becomes danger-ous when sharing a traffic lane with drivers.

Parking obscures sightlines with business.

Buses infrequent and slow, making getting off to shop improbable.

Once off the bus, transit riders become part of (potentially unsafe) pedestrian realm.

Crowded buses make carrying groceries or goods a chore.

Higher traffic speeds make slowing down and parking difficult.

No designation of space between motorists and cyclists creates confusion and danger.

Space must be navigated with cyclists while parking.

Shop Where You Feel Safe

Wes

t St

Broa

dway

Market St

Adel

ine

St

45th St

Tele

grap

h Av

e

34th St

40th St

42nd St

Alcatraz Ave

Gra

nd A

ve

17th St

Web

ster

St

Aileen St

Shaf

ter A

ve

27th St

Harrison St

55th St

41st St

Myr

tle S

t

19th St

Shattuck Ave

San Pablo Ave

Howe St

43rd St

14th St

56th St

57th St

Colle

ge A

ve

MLK

Jr. W

ay

51st St

Dover St

35th St

36th St

Oakland Ave

54th St

Brus

h St

21st St

Piedmont Ave

Man

ila A

ve

W MacArthur Blvd

Clarem

ont A

ve

23rd St

37th St

49th St

53rd St

44th St

46th St

30th St

Chabot Rd

Genoa St

Cast

ro S

t

W Grand Ave

33rd St

MacArthur Blvd

52nd St

Apgar St

Fairview St

60th St

Law

ton

Ave

66th St

59th St

38th St

Linda Ave

Stanford Ave

Perk

ins S

t

King St

Vernon St

Clifton St

Ches

tnut

St

63rd St

24th St

58th St

31st St

32nd St

39th St

Filb

ert S

t

12th St

28th St

Lee

St

Gilber

t St

62nd St

Colby St

47th St

Mile

s Ave

Euclid Ave

Fran

klin

St

Keith Ave

Baker St

Wal

ker A

ve

Boyd

Ave

North St

61st St

Arlington Ave

Opa

l St

65th St

Lowell St

Racine St

Santa Clara Ave Jean St

26th St

13th St11th St

Forest St

Prince St

Lind

en S

t

29th St

Cavour St

Wes

ley A

ve

Hudson St

Woolsey St

Ocean View Dr

16th St

Taft Ave

Broadway Ter

Ellis St

18th St

Clay

St

California St

Harmon St

Moss Ave

Lusk

St

Lock

sley A

ve

Adams St

Orange St

Je�e

rson

St

Gaskill St

Rose Ave

20th St

22nd St

Brockhurst St

John St

Mather St

Sycamore St

Florio St

Mer

ritt A

ve

Clar

ke S

t

Terra

ce St

25th St

Stat

en A

ve

Kales Ave

15th St

Jam

es A

ve

Montgomery St

Canning St

Van Buren Ave

Mag

nolia

St

Athol Ave

Ayala

Ave

Idaho St

Jayne Ave

War�

eld Ave

48th St

Vald

ez S

t

Monte Vista Ave

Margarido D

r

Verm

ont S

t

Haddo

n Rd

Thom

as A

ve

Fairm

ount

Ave

Cleveland St

50th St

Hillgirt Cir

Monroe Ave

York St

Nor

thga

te A

ve

Olive Ave

Mandana Blvd

20th St

Desm

ond

St

Sum

mit

St

Rich St

Valle

y St

Belle

vue

Ave

Harwood Ave

Rand Ave

Sacramento St

MacCall St

Echo Ave

Lake Ave

Pera

lta St

Lake Park Ave

Ross St

Leno

x Av

e

Manor D

r

Carlt

on S

t

Hillegass Ave

Brya

nt A

ve

Elwood Ave

Poirier St

Palm Ave

Patt

on S

t

Alic

e St

Glen Ave

Birch Ct

Lake

shor

e Av

e

Kenw

yn R

d

Ruby

St

Emery St

William St

Athens Ave

Elm

St

Curt

is St

Mead Ave

Kingston Ave

Erie St

Chetwood StBr

ook

St

Acton St

Moraga Ave

Santa Rosa Ave

Richmond Blvd

Emer

ald

St

Milton St

Greenbank Ave

Montell St

How

ell St

Isabella St

View St

Presley Way

Belg

rave

Pl

Oak Grove Ave

Vice

nte

St

Montecito Ave

Carb

erry

Ave

61st Pl

Park Ave

Warwick Ave

Pleasant Valley Ave

Pearl St

Hawthorne Ave

Rockwell St

Herzog St

40th St Way

Essex St

Tremont St

Salem St

Stanley Pl

Lake

side

Dr

Lower G

rand Ave

Men

docin

o Av

e

Whitney St

Fairview Ave

Dana St

Beacon St

Burk St

Brooklyn Ave

Rio Vista Ave

Avon St

Bayo Vista Ave

Boden Way

Ramona Ave

Gleneden Ave

Cambridge Way

Wildwood Ave

Yosemite Ave

Sylvan Way

Irwin Ct

Mystic St

Fairbanks Ave

Capi

tal S

t

Frisbie St

El Dorado Ave

Boise St

Weldon Ave

Nace Ave

Moss Way

Haskell St

Park

Vie

w Te

r

Clover Dr

Regent St

Whitmore St

Radn

or R

d

Yerba Buena Ave

10th St

Ivanhoe Rd

Bonham Way

View Pl

Chabolyn Ter

Alicia St

Monte Cresta Ave

Entrada Ave

Wes

ley W

ay

Ellit

a Av

e

Rockridge Blvd

Cresc

ent S

t

Hamilton Pl

Redondo Ave

Vice

nte

Way

Wav

erly

St

Arroyo Ave

Kempto

n Ave

Latim

er P

l

Ross Cir

Perry Pl

Mira Vista Ave

Vernon Ter

McC

lure

St

Chabot Crest

Martin St

Ada St

Garnet St

Sunnyslope Ave

Eucalyptus Rd

Hardy St

Glendale Ave

Harper St

Warren Ave

Hillsborough St

Parkside Dr

Haddo

n Pl

Westall Ave

Occidental St

Garland Ave

Cheney Ave

Ando

ver S

t

Wheeler St

Rich

mon

d Av

e

Ross St

58th St

28th St

45th St

51st St

65th St

36th St

19th St

Lind

en S

t

62nd St

Miles Ave

60th St

Adel

ine

St

W MacArthur Blvd

62nd St

Clar

ke S

t

61st St

21st St

63rd St

25th St

Lawton Ave

39th St

48th St

30th St

Vald

ez S

t

Taft Ave

Harmon St

58th St

Mar

ket S

t

Fairview St

61st St

32nd St

Apgar St

Whitney St

53rd St

56th St

Man

ila A

ve

13th St

24th St

22nd St

63rd St

63rd St

W S

t

46th St

Colby St

Dover St

Dana St

53rd St

58th St

26th St

Mar

ket S

t

57th St

MLK

Jr. W

ay

48th St

31st St

60th St

17th St

30th St

54th St

47th St

15th St

41st St

54th St

Harri

son

St

Montgomery St

39th St

Clifton St

37th St

47th St

62nd St

28th St

25th St

62nd St

61st St

51st St

63rd StBay Pl

59th St

Jean

St

Lawton Ave

62nd St

Lake Ave

43rd St

Lowell St

Occidental St

61st St

40th St

37th St

38th St

44th St

55th St

19th St

Filb

ert S

t

63rd St

19th St

60th St

61st St

Essex St

16th St

28th St

62nd St

29th St

26th St

Prince St

33rd St

Web

ster

St

Man

ila A

ve

45th St

Vernon St

Lind

en S

t

63rd St

32nd St

20th St

59th St

24th St

50th St

41st St

23rd St

66th St

62nd St

28th St

Idaho St

21st St 23rd St

61st St

60th St

24th St

18th St

Wes

t St

Broa

dway

Market St

Adel

ine

St

45th St

Tele

grap

h Av

e

34th St

40th St

42nd St

Alcatraz Ave

Gra

nd A

ve

17th St

Web

ster

St

Aileen St

Shaf

ter A

ve

27th St

Harrison St

55th St

41st St

Myr

tle S

t

19th St

Shattuck Ave

San Pablo Ave

Howe St

43rd St

14th St

56th St

57th St

Colle

ge A

ve

MLK

Jr. W

ay

51st St

Dover St

35th St

36th St

Oakland Ave

54th St

Brus

h St

21st St

Piedmont Ave

Man

ila A

ve

W MacArthur Blvd

Clarem

ont A

ve

23rd St

37th St

49th St

53rd St

44th St

46th St

30th St

Chabot Rd

Genoa St

Cast

ro S

t

W Grand Ave

33rd St

MacArthur Blvd

52nd St

Apgar St

Fairview St

60th St

Law

ton

Ave

66th St

59th St

38th St

Linda Ave

Stanford Ave

Perk

ins S

t

King St

Vernon St

Clifton St

Ches

tnut

St

63rd St

24th St

58th St

31st St

32nd St

39th St

Filb

ert S

t

12th St

28th St

Lee

St

Gilber

t St

62nd St

Colby St

47th St

Mile

s Ave

Euclid Ave

Fran

klin

St

Keith Ave

Baker St

Wal

ker A

ve

Boyd

Ave

North St

61st St

Arlington Ave

Opa

l St

65th St

Lowell St

Racine St


26th St

13th St11th St

Forest St

Prince St

Lind

en S

t

29th St

Cavour St

Wes

ley A

ve

Hudson St

Woolsey St

Ocean View Dr

16th St

Taft Ave

Broadway Ter

Ellis St

18th St

Clay

St

California St

Harmon St

Moss Ave

Lusk

St

Lock

sley A

ve

Adams St

Orange St

Je�e

rson

St

Gaskill St

Rose Ave

20th St

22nd St

Brockhurst St

John St

Mather St

Sycamore St

Florio St

Mer

ritt A

ve

Clar

ke S

t

Terra

ce St

25th St

Stat

en A

ve

Kales Ave

15th St

Jam

es A

ve

Montgomery St

Canning St

Van Buren Ave

Mag

nolia

St

Athol Ave

Ayala

Ave

Idaho St

Jayne Ave

War�

eld Ave

48th St

Vald

ez S

t

Monte Vista Ave

Margarido D

r

Verm

ont S

t

Haddo

n Rd

Thom

as A

ve

Fairm

ount

Ave

Cleveland St

50th St

Hillgirt Cir

Monroe Ave

York St

Nor

thga

te A

ve

Olive Ave

Mandana Blvd

20th St

Desm

ond

St

Sum

mit

St

Rich St

Valle

y St

Belle

vue

Ave

Harwood Ave

Rand Ave

Sacramento St

MacCall St

Echo Ave

Lake Ave

Pera

lta St

Lake Park Ave

Ross St

Leno

x Av

e

Manor D

r

Carlt

on S

t

Hillegass Ave

Brya

nt A

ve

Elwood Ave

Poirier St

Palm Ave

Patt

on S

t

Alic

e St

Glen Ave

Birch Ct

Lake

shor

e Av

e

Kenw

yn R

d

Ruby

St

Emery St

William St

Athens Ave

Elm

St

Curt

is St

Mead Ave

Kingston Ave

Erie St

Chetwood StBr

ook

St

Acton St

Moraga Ave

Santa Rosa Ave

Richmond Blvd

Emer

ald

St

Milton St

Greenbank Ave

Montell St

How

ell St

Isabella St

View St

Presley Way

Belg

rave

Pl

Oak Grove Ave

Vice

nte

St

Montecito Ave

Carb

erry

Ave

61st Pl

Park Ave

Warwick Ave

Pleasant Valley Ave

Pearl St

Hawthorne Ave

Rockwell St

Herzog St

40th St Way

Essex St

Tremont St

Salem St

Stanley Pl

Lake

side

Dr

Lower G

rand Ave

Men

docin

o Av

e

Whitney St

Fairview Ave

Dana St

Beacon St

Burk St

Brooklyn Ave

Rio Vista Ave

Avon St

Bayo Vista Ave

Boden Way

Ramona Ave

Gleneden Ave

Cambridge Way

Wildwood Ave

Yosemite Ave

Sylvan Way

Irwin Ct

Mystic St

Fairbanks Ave

Capi

tal S

t

Frisbie St

El Dorado Ave

Boise St

Weldon Ave

Nace Ave

Moss Way

Haskell St

Park

Vie

w Te

r

Clover Dr

Regent St

Whitmore St

Radn

or R

d

Yerba Buena Ave

10th St

Ivanhoe Rd

Bonham Way

View Pl

Chabolyn Ter

Alicia St

Monte Cresta Ave

Entrada Ave

Wes

ley W

ay

Ellit

a Av

e

Rockridge Blvd

Cresc

ent S

t

Hamilton Pl

Redondo Ave

Vice

nte

Way

Wav

erly

St

Arroyo Ave

Kempto

n Ave

Latim

er P

l

Ross Cir

Perry Pl

Mira Vista Ave

Vernon Ter

McC

lure

St

Chabot Crest

Martin St

Ada St

Garnet St

Sunnyslope Ave

Eucalyptus Rd

Hardy St

Glendale Ave

Harper St

Warren Ave

Hillsborough St

Parkside Dr

Haddo

n Pl

Westall Ave

Occidental St

Garland Ave

Cheney Ave

Ando

ver S

t

Wheeler St

Rich

mon

d Av

e

Ross St

58th St

28th St

45th St

51st St

65th St

36th St

19th St

Lind

en S

t

62nd St

Miles Ave

60th St

Adel

ine

St

W MacArthur Blvd

62nd St

Clar

ke S

t

61st St

21st St

63rd St

25th St

Lawton Ave

39th St

48th St

30th St

Vald

ez S

t

Taft Ave

Harmon St

58th St

Mar

ket S

t

Fairview St

61st St

32nd St

Apgar St

Whitney St

53rd St

56th St

Man

ila A

ve

13th St

24th St

22nd St

63rd St

63rd St

W S

t

46th St

Colby St

Dover St

Dana St

53rd St

58th St

26th St

Mar

ket S

t

57th St

MLK

Jr. W

ay

48th St

31st St

60th St

17th St

30th St

54th St

47th St

15th St

41st St

54th St

Harri

son

St

Montgomery St

39th St

Clifton St

37th St

47th St

62nd St

28th St

25th St

62nd St

61st St

51st St

63rd StBay Pl

59th St

Jean

St

Lawton Ave

62nd St

Lake Ave

43rd St

Lowell St

Occidental St

61st St

40th St

37th St

38th St

44th St

55th St

19th St

Filb

ert S

t

63rd St

19th St

60th St

61st St

Essex St

16th St

28th St

62nd St

29th St

26th St

Prince St

33rd St

Web

ster

St

Man

ila A

ve

45th St

Vernon St

Lind

en S

t

63rd St

32nd St

20th St

59th St

24th St

50th St

41st St

23rd St

66th St

62nd St

28th St

Idaho St

21st St 23rd St

61st St

60th St

24th St

18th St

O A K L A N D

P I E D M O N T

E M E R Y V I L L E

B E R K E L E Y

LakeMerritt

123CALIFORNIA

24CALIFORNIA

580

580

980

Figure X.

WC13-3080

LEGEND

4

5

3

2

1

Bicycle Collisions

Bicycle Collisions, 2007-2011

Figure 1

Wes

t St

Broa

dway

Market St

Adel

ine

St

45th St

Tele

grap

h Av

e

34th St

40th St

42nd St

Alcatraz Ave

Gra

nd A

ve

17th St

Web

ster

St

Aileen St

Shaf

ter A

ve

27th St

Harrison St

55th St

41st St

Myr

tle S

t

19th St

Shattuck Ave

San Pablo Ave

Howe St

43rd St

14th St

56th St

57th St

Colle

ge A

ve

MLK

Jr. W

ay

51st St

Dover St

35th St

36th St

Oakland Ave

54th St

Brus

h St

21st St

Piedmont Ave

Man

ila A

ve

W MacArthur Blvd

Clarem

ont A

ve

23rd St

37th St

49th St

53rd St

44th St

46th St

30th St

Chabot Rd

Genoa St

Cast

ro S

t

W Grand Ave

33rd St

MacArthur Blvd

52nd St

Apgar St

Fairview St

60th St

Law

ton

Ave

66th St

59th St

38th St

Linda Ave

Stanford Ave

Perk

ins S

t

King St

Vernon St

Clifton St

Ches

tnut

St

63rd St

24th St

58th St

31st St

32nd St

39th St

Filb

ert S

t

12th St

28th St

Lee

St

Gilber

t St

62nd St

Colby St

47th St

Mile

s Ave

Euclid Ave

Fran

klin

St

Keith Ave

Baker St

Wal

ker A

ve

Boyd

Ave

North St

61st St

Arlington Ave

Opa

l St

65th St

Lowell St

Racine St


26th St

13th St11th St

Forest St

Prince St

Lind

en S

t

29th St

Cavour St

Wes

ley A

ve

Hudson St

Woolsey St

Ocean View Dr

16th St

Taft Ave

Broadway Ter

Ellis St

18th St

Clay

St

California St

Harmon St

Moss Ave

Lusk

St

Lock

sley A

ve

Adams St

Orange St

Gaskill St

Rose Ave

20th St

22nd St

Brockhurst St

John St

Mather St

Sycamore St

Florio St

Mer

ritt A

ve

Clar

ke S

t

Terra

ce St

25th St

Stat

en A

ve

Kales Ave

15th St

Jam

es A

ve

Montgomery St

Canning St

Van Buren Ave

Mag

nolia

St

Athol Ave

Ayala

Ave

Idaho St

Jayne Ave

48th St

Vald

ez S

t

Monte Vista Ave

Margarido D

r

Verm

ont S

t

Haddo

n Rd

Thom

as A

ve

Fairm

ount

Ave

Cleveland St

50th St

Hillgirt Cir

Monroe Ave

York St

Nor

thga

te A

ve

Olive Ave

Mandana Blvd

20th St

Desm

ond

St

Sum

mit

St

Rich St

Valle

y St

Belle

vue

Ave

Harwood Ave

Rand Ave

Sacramento St

MacCall St

Echo Ave

Lake Ave

Pera

lta St

Lake Park Ave

Ross St

Leno

x Av

e

Manor D

r

Carlt

on S

t

Hillegass Ave

Brya

nt A

ve

Elwood Ave

Poirier St

Palm Ave

Patt

on S

t

Alice

St

Glen Ave

Birch Ct

Lake

shor

e Av

e

Kenw

yn R

d

Ruby

St

Emery St

William St

Athens Ave

Elm

St

Curt

is St

Mead Ave

Kingston Ave

Erie St

Chetwood StBr

ook

St

Acton St

Moraga Ave

Santa Rosa Ave

Richmond Blvd

Emer

ald

St

Milton St

Greenbank Ave

Montell St

How

ell St

Isabella St

View St

Presley Way

Belg

rave

Pl

Oak Grove Ave

Vice

nte

St

Montecito Ave

Carb

erry

Ave

61st Pl

Park Ave

Warwick Ave

Pleasant Valley Ave

Pearl St

Hawthorne Ave

Rockwell St

Herzog St

40th St Way

Essex St

Tremont St

Salem St

Stanley Pl

Lake

side

Dr

Lower G

rand Ave

Men

docin

o Av

e

Whitney St

Fairview Ave

Dana St

Beacon St

Burk St

Brooklyn Ave

Rio Vista Ave

Avon St

Bayo Vista Ave

Boden Way

Ramona Ave

Gleneden Ave

Cambridge Way

Wildwood Ave

Yosemite Ave

Sylvan Way

Irwin Ct

Mystic St

Fairbanks Ave

Capi

tal S

t

Frisbie St

El Dorado Ave

Boise St

Weldon Ave

Nace Ave

Moss Way

Haskell St

Park

Vie

w Te

r

Clover Dr

Regent St

Whitmore St

Radn

or R

d

Yerba Buena Ave

10th St

Ivanhoe Rd

Bonham Way

View Pl

Chabolyn Ter

Alicia St

Monte Cresta Ave

Entrada Ave

Wes

ley W

ay

Ellit

a Av

e

Rockridge Blvd

Cresc

ent S

t

Hamilton Pl

Redondo Ave

Vice

nte

Way

Wav

erly

St

Arroyo Ave

Kempto

n Ave

Latim

er P

l

Ross Cir

Perry Pl

Mira Vista Ave

Vernon Ter

McC

lure

St

Chabot Crest

Martin St

Ada St

Garnet St

Sunnyslope Ave

Eucalyptus Rd

Hardy St

evA eladnelG

Harper St

Warren Ave

Hillsborough St

Parkside Dr

Haddo

n Pl

Westall Ave

Occidental St

Garland Ave

Cheney Ave

Ando

ver S

t

Wheeler St

Rich

mon

d Av

e

Ross St

58th St

28th St

45th St

51st St

65th St

36th St

19th St

Lind

en S

t

62nd St

Miles Ave

60th St

Adel

ine

St

W MacArthur Blvd

62nd St

Clar

ke S

t

61st St

21st St

63rd St

25th St

Lawton Ave

39th St

48th St

30th St

Vald

ez S

t

Taft Ave

Harmon St

58th St

Mar

ket S

t

Fairview St

61st St

32nd St

Apgar St

Whitney St

53rd St

56th St

Man

ila A

ve

13th St

24th St

22nd St

63rd St

63rd St

W S

t

46th St

Colby St

Dover St

Dana St

53rd St

58th St

26th St

Mar

ket S

t

57th St

MLK

Jr. W

ay

48th St

31st St

60th St

17th St

30th St

54th St

47th St

15th St

41st St

54th St

Harri

son

St

Montgomery St

39th St

Clifton St

37th St

47th St

62nd St

28th St

25th St

62nd St

61st St

51st St

63rd St

Bay Pl

59th St

Jean

St

Lawton Ave

62nd St

Lake Ave

43rd St

Lowell St

Occidental St

61st St

40th St

37th St

38th St

44th St

55th St

19th St

Filb

ert S

t

63rd St

19th St

60th St

61st St

Essex St

16th St

28th St

62nd St

29th St

26th St

Prince St

33rd St

Web

ster

St

Man

ila A

ve

45th St

Vernon St

Lind

en S

t

63rd St

32nd St

20th St

59th St

24th St

50th St

41st St

23rd St

66th St

62nd St

28th St

Idaho St

21st St 23rd St

61st St

60th St

24th St

18th St

Wes

t St

Broa

dway

Market St

Adel

ine

St

45th St

Tele

grap

h Av

e

34th St

40th St

42nd St

Alcatraz Ave

Gra

nd A

ve

17th St

Web

ster

St

Aileen St

Shaf

ter A

ve

27th St

Harrison St

55th St

41st St

Myr

tle S

t

19th St

Shattuck Ave

San Pablo Ave

Howe St

43rd St

14th St

56th St

57th St

Colle

ge A

ve

MLK

Jr. W

ay

51st St

Dover St

35th St

36th St

Oakland Ave

54th St

Brus

h St

21st St

Piedmont Ave

Man

ila A

ve

W MacArthur Blvd

Clarem

ont A

ve

23rd St

37th St

49th St

53rd St

44th St

46th St

30th St

Chabot Rd

Genoa St

Cast

ro S

t

W Grand Ave

33rd St

MacArthur Blvd

52nd St

Apgar St

Fairview St

60th St

Law

ton

Ave

66th St

59th St

38th St

Linda Ave

Stanford Ave

Perk

ins S

t

King St

Vernon St

Clifton St

Ches

tnut

St

63rd St

24th St

58th St

31st St

32nd St

39th St

Filb

ert S

t

12th St

28th St

Lee

St

Gilber

t St

62nd St

Colby St

47th St

Mile

s Ave

Euclid Ave

Fran

klin

St

Keith Ave

Baker St

Wal

ker A

ve

Boyd

Ave

North St

61st St

Arlington Ave

Opa

l St

65th St

Lowell St

Racine St


26th St

13th St11th St

Forest St

Prince St

Lind

en S

t

29th St

Cavour St

Wes

ley A

ve

Hudson St

Woolsey St

Ocean View Dr

16th St

Taft Ave

Broadway Ter

Ellis St

18th St

Clay

St

California St

Harmon St

Moss Ave

Lusk

St

Lock

sley A

ve

Adams St

Orange St

Gaskill St

Rose Ave

20th St

22nd St

Brockhurst St

John St

Mather St

Sycamore St

Florio St

Mer

ritt A

ve

Clar

ke S

t

Terra

ce St

25th St

Stat

en A

ve

Kales Ave

15th St

Jam

es A

ve

Montgomery St

Canning St

Van Buren Ave

Mag

nolia

St

Athol Ave

Ayala

Ave

Idaho St

Jayne Ave

48th St

Vald

ez S

t

Monte Vista Ave

Margarido D

r

Verm

ont S

t

Haddo

n Rd

Thom

as A

ve

Fairm

ount

Ave

Cleveland St

50th St

Hillgirt Cir

Monroe Ave

York St

Nor

thga

te A

ve

Olive Ave

Mandana Blvd

20th St

Desm

ond

St

Sum

mit

St

Rich St

Valle

y St

Belle

vue

Ave

Harwood Ave

Rand Ave

Sacramento St

MacCall St

Echo Ave

Lake Ave

Pera

lta St

Lake Park Ave

Ross St

Leno

x Av

e

Manor D

r

Carlt

on S

t

Hillegass Ave

Brya

nt A

ve

Elwood Ave

Poirier St

Palm Ave

Patt

on S

t

Alice

St

Glen Ave

Birch Ct

Lake

shor

e Av

e

Kenw

yn R

d

Ruby

St

Emery St

William St

Athens Ave

Elm

St

Curt

is St

Mead Ave

Kingston Ave

Erie St

Chetwood StBr

ook

St

Acton St

Moraga Ave

Santa Rosa Ave

Richmond Blvd

Emer

ald

St

Milton St

Greenbank Ave

Montell St

How

ell St

Isabella St

View St

Presley Way

Belg

rave

Pl

Oak Grove Ave

Vice

nte

St

Montecito Ave

Carb

erry

Ave

61st Pl

Park Ave

Warwick Ave

Pleasant Valley Ave

Pearl St

Hawthorne Ave

Rockwell St

Herzog St

40th St Way

Essex St

Tremont St

Salem St

Stanley Pl

Lake

side

Dr

Lower G

rand Ave

Men

docin

o Av

e

Whitney St

Fairview Ave

Dana St

Beacon St

Burk St

Brooklyn Ave

Rio Vista Ave

Avon St

Bayo Vista Ave

Boden Way

Ramona Ave

Gleneden Ave

Cambridge Way

Wildwood Ave

Yosemite Ave

Sylvan Way

Irwin Ct

Mystic St

Fairbanks Ave

Capi

tal S

t

Frisbie St

El Dorado Ave

Boise St

Weldon Ave

Nace Ave

Moss Way

Haskell St

Park

Vie

w Te

r

Clover Dr

Regent St

Whitmore St

Radn

or R

d

Yerba Buena Ave

10th St

Ivanhoe Rd

Bonham Way

View Pl

Chabolyn Ter

Alicia St

Monte Cresta Ave

Entrada Ave

Wes

ley W

ay

Ellit

a Av

e

Rockridge Blvd

Cresc

ent S

t

Hamilton Pl

Redondo Ave

Vice

nte

Way

Wav

erly

St

Arroyo Ave

Kempto

n Ave

Latim

er P

l

Ross Cir

Perry Pl

Mira Vista Ave

Vernon Ter

McC

lure

St

Chabot Crest

Martin St

Ada St

Garnet St

Sunnyslope Ave

Eucalyptus Rd

Hardy St

evA eladnelG

Harper St

Warren Ave

Hillsborough St

Parkside Dr

Haddo

n Pl

Westall Ave

Occidental St

Garland Ave

Cheney Ave

Ando

ver S

t

Wheeler St

Rich

mon

d Av

e

Ross St

58th St

28th St

45th St

51st St

65th St

36th St

19th St

Lind

en S

t

62nd St

Miles Ave

60th St

Adel

ine

St

W MacArthur Blvd

62nd St

Clar

ke S

t

61st St

21st St

63rd St

25th St

Lawton Ave

39th St

48th St

30th St

Vald

ez S

t

Taft Ave

Harmon St

58th St

Mar

ket S

t

Fairview St

61st St

32nd St

Apgar St

Whitney St

53rd St

56th St

Man

ila A

ve

13th St

24th St

22nd St

63rd St

63rd St

W S

t

46th St

Colby St

Dover St

Dana St

53rd St

58th St

26th St

Mar

ket S

t

57th St

MLK

Jr. W

ay

48th St

31st St

60th St

17th St

30th St

54th St

47th St

15th St

41st St

54th St

Harri

son

St

Montgomery St

39th St

Clifton St

37th St

47th St

62nd St

28th St

25th St

62nd St

61st St

51st St

63rd St

Bay Pl

59th St

Jean

St

Lawton Ave

62nd St

Lake Ave

43rd St

Lowell St

Occidental St

61st St

40th St

37th St

38th St

44th St

55th St

19th St

Filb

ert S

t

63rd St

19th St

60th St

61st St

Essex St

16th St

28th St

62nd St

29th St

26th St

Prince St

33rd St

Web

ster

St

Man

ila A

ve

45th St

Vernon St

Lind

en S

t

63rd St

32nd St

20th St

59th St

24th St

50th St

41st St

23rd St

66th St

62nd St

28th St

Idaho St

21st St 23rd St

61st St

60th St

24th St

18th St

O A K L A N D

P I E D M O N T

E M E R Y V I L L E

B E R K E L E Y

LakeMerritt

123CALIFORNIA

24CALIFORNIA

580

580

980

Figure X.

WC13-3080

LEGEND

4

5

3

2

1

PedestrianCollisions

Pedestrian Collisions, 2007-2011

Figure 2

• These reports done by Fehr & Peers show that from 2007-2011, 223 crashes resulted in injuries on Telegraph Avenue between 20th Street and 57th Street.

• Of these, 29% involved a bicyclist, 27% involved a pedes-trian and four resulted in deaths.

• Over the past 5 years, Telegraph Ave has averaged a crash/week, including 4 fatalities. It is one of Oakland’s worst streets for traffic safety.

Many cyclists choosing other streets entirely looking for safer conditions.

Cars parking force bikes further into traffic.

Long, dangerous crossings are barriers to exploring both sides of street.

2 out of 3 drivers fail to yield at crossings in Temescal.

THE MISSING LINK



All sections of Telegraph should benefit from better bicycle facilities, but the Temescal could initially see somewhat greater benefits than Koreatown-Northgate because of its present mix of businesses.

BICYCLE-DRIVEN SALES AND BUSINESS TYPES

27th

20th

I-580

40th

47th

51st

Highway 2457th St

Tem

esca

l/Tel

egra

ph B

IDKo

reat

own/

Nor

thga

te B

ID

Studies show that, while bicyclists spend less per trip than motorists, they visit stores more often and spend more money overall.Businesses like food and retail that depend on frequent customer visits should benefit most from bicycles. Medical offices, and other businesses that customers only visit when they need to, will likely see smaller benefits.

Business Improvement DistrictsTemescal-Telegraph

Koreatown-Northgate

The Temescal-Telegraph business improvement district extends from 40th Street to the Berkeley border at 66th Street, and was founded in 2004. In addition to street cleaning and pedestrian improvements, the district runs an annual street fair.Especially between 47th and 52nd streets, the Temescal is a burgeoning pedestrian andbicycle-oriented district, with many closely spaced shops and restaurants. This area would see the greatest benefits from improved bicycle facilities.

The Koreatown-Northgate business improve-ment district extends from 20th Street to I-580, and was founded in 2007. The district was created to support the revitalization of the area and regularly patrols the streets for graffiti and other nuisance crimes.

At present, the district is somewhat diffuse and lacks a strong center. However, the com-munity has gained attention recently for open-streets events like First Fridays and the Art Murmur. With the Complete Streets Plan, the area can continue to develop.

Zoned commercial land

Temescal-Telegraph BID

Koreatown-Northgate BID

58.5% of businesses benefit from frequent visits

50.7% of businesses benefit from frequent visits

Pizzaiolo Restaurant

Burma Superstar

Tip Top Bike Shop Tara’s Organic Ice Cream Doña Tomas It’s Your Move

Rock Paper Scissors Collective

Johansson Projects Gallery

Community Rejuvenation Project mural

The New Parkway Theater Telegraph Beer Garden Hambrick’s Giant Burgers

THE MISSING LINK


If bicycles and pedestrians are to increase economic vibrancy on Telegraph, appropriate development of facilities must consider these spaces between places

SPACE BETWEEN PLACE

Compared to drivers, cyclists enjoy a greater range of sight due to a slower speed of travel. Thus:• Relevancy of urban form increases• Parking lots and vacancies may convey emptiness and discourage pedestrians and cyclists • Both increase travel time between storefronts

Why Do Vacancies And Parking Lots Matter?

Average Paces Between Storefronts

27th20th I-580

40th 47th 51st Highway 24

57th StSegment B

Segment CSegment A

33%23%38%

Sidewalk Adjacent To Parking Lots

Key Perceived Vacancy Parking Lot Viewable from Sidewalk

1219 27

Telegraph’s Storefront Density In ContextAlthough physically dense, a street may feel less welcoming to pedestrians and cyclists if they aren’t passing storefronts regularly. Appropriate placement of bicycle parking facilities and landscape amenities can bypass this problem.

• Utilizes minimal vehicle space to maximize bicycle space• Increases visibility of both storefronts and pedestrians • Increases sidewalk utility • Puts cyclists close to dense storefront areas

What Does Good Bicycle Parking Do?image source: http://online.wsj.com/ image source:http://boyonabike.wordpress.com/


THE MISSING LINK


Analysis: Precedents

NYC

Vancouver

Toronto

METHODS FINDINGS LIMITATIONS

6 Separate Stakeholder Surveys done AFTER bike improvements

Merchant & Pedestrian Survey BEFORE bike improvements Analysis of Parking Data

In person Merchant Survey AFTER bike improvements

Sales Tax Data Analysis BEFORE & AFTER bike improvements

Revenue Increases for all Complete Streets projects

Short-term negative perceived affects

Cyclists and Pedestrians Spend more per month than Car Drivers

37% of merchants thought their sales increased after bike improvements

No Qualitative Data to see if perception matched the data results

• No Quantitative Data• Too short term • Analysis only done after

• Analysis only done before

• No Quantitative Data• Too short term

• Analysis only done after• No Quantitative Data

Quantitative Data Analysis

Qualitative Survey

Positive Results

Negative Results

OUR PROPOSED ECONOMIC ANALYSIS

San Francisco

WHAT OTHER STUDIES HAVE NORTH AMERICAN CITIES CONDUCTED REGARDING THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF BICYCLE IMPROVEMENTS?

Time Management Issues

No Quantitative Data

No QualitativeData

A hybrid approach is necessary, combining both quantitative and qualitative data in the form of sales tax data and merchant/pedestrian surveys.

SALES TAX DATA

MERCHANT & PEDESTRIAN SURVEYS

+1 YEAR BEFORE & 2 YEARS AFTER

RETAIL, FOOD, SERVICE ONLY

COMPARE IMPROVEMENT SITE, COMPARISON SITE, & WHOLE NEIGHBORHOOD

THE MISSING LINK


Methodology

If sales on Telegraph grow faster with bike lanes than on College Street, there is a strong correlation between improved bicycle facilities and business success.

SALES DATA

Comparable CorridorsIn order to control for citywide economic changes, it is necessary to compare Telegraph’s sales tax data to that of a comparable corridor - in this case, College Street between Broadway and Oakland’s city limits.

TELEGRAPH COLLEGESimilar zoningNo current bicycle facilitiesSimilar average sales per store

Average sales per store

To determine the effect on business of improved bicycle facilities, measure sales in the Telegraph corridor using city sales tax data, before and after installing bike lanes.

1 Aggregate sales data

2 Divide by number of stores

3 Compare average sales

2008201020112012

$334

523

$306

647

$344

664

$322

728

$293

310

$234

885

$334

639

$465

990

Using Sales Tax DataIn order to protect business owners’ privacy, sales tax data should be made anonymous by averaging Telegraph’s total sales over the number of retail stores on the corridor.

Study TimeframeSince short-term economic changes may mask the overall effects of bike lanes, best practices suggest comparing sales data from one year before and two years after project completion.

THE MISSING LINK


Methodology: Surveys Survey Conditions

• Merchant Surveys should be done for only locally-owned Retail, Food, & Service Businesses. Three out of the four studies identified these types as the most relevant for the economic impacts of bicycle infrastructure.

• Patron Surveys should be done on the street or while customers exit stores• Surveys should be done at various times of the day, during the week and

weekend, and at various store locations to avoid as much bias as possible• After analyzing survey data, identify ‘Hot Spots’. This was a successful

strategy in Vancouver to identify and mitigate negative or potentially negative impact areas from bicycle improvements.

= +• Conduct Survey Data 1 year BEFORE and 2 years AFTER. According

to the New York Study, this timeframe is long enough to see significant economic impacts

• A BEFORE and AFTER survey should be conducted for Merchants and Patrons for the Pilot Project, Phase 1, and Phase 2 of the project implementation

=

Merchant SurveyBEFORE:

• How long have you been at this location?• Do you own or rent this space?• Which of the design options do you prefer and which do you think would be best for your business?• Given the three design options, you have the potential to lose either 1, 4, or 14 on-street parking spots. Do you think on-street parking is vital to your

business’s success even if there will be improved bicycle infrastructure?• How many of your customers do you think drive vs. bike?

AFTER:• How long have you been at this location?• Since the bike facility improvements, have your sales increased? How much of that impact do you think can be attributed to the new bike

improvements?• Has the impact of on-street parking affected your business?• What, if anything, have you done to help promote/benefit cycling and/or cyclists in relation to your business since the new bike improvements?

Customer SurveyBEFORE:

• Do you live/work in the area?• How often do you visit the area?• What was your purpose for your visit and how did you get here? By bike? Car? Transit?• If you usually drive to this area, is it out of necessity or convenience? • Would you consider riding your bike instead if there were proper bike facilities?• Which of the proposed designs do you prefer?• How would you feel about losing on-street parking in order to improve bike facilities?

AFTER:• Have the bike improvements changed the way you travel through this corridor?• Do you live/work in the area? • How often do you visit the area? • What was your purpose for your visit and how did you get here? Bike? Car? Transit?• As a driver how has your experience changed?• If you cycle, do you feel safe and comfortable?

The Surveys measure merchant and customer PERCEPTION in contrast to the REALITY, shown through the sales tax data. The questions also help isolate the impact of the bicycle improvements to retail sales.

THE MISSING LINK


Working in tandem with the business and shopper survey, the pilot project is the means by which to accrue relevant objective data for bicycle facilities on Telegraph

PLANNED PILOT Why A Pilot Project?To achieve:• Measurable results • Greater understanding of existing conditions• Determination of data relevancy • Risk management • Validation of benefits• “See” the project in action

Planned resurfacing of Telegraph 20th-27th = opportunity for installation of cycle tracks

Buffered bike lanes 29th-MacArthur as means of comparison

Pillars Of A Successful Pilot Study

TIME

27th

20th

I-580

40th

47th

51st

Highway 2457th St

Segm

ent B

Segm

ent C

Segm

ent A

Source for images: NACTO Urban Bikeway Design Guide - http://nacto.org/cities-for-cycling/design-guide/

Timeframe

SPRING 2015

FALL 2015 - 2016

2017

resurfacing and pilot lanes installed

pilot study; data collection

bus rapid transit on Telegraph, street redesign opportunity

METRICS

+ +

“If there was a general minimum, you’ve got to test all four seasons” - Ross Swanson, Portland Project Manager

Multiplicity of goals is key to a more complete picture.

Continuous involvement of all stakeholders at every phase.

What Metrics Will Be Studied?• Qualitative Data: administration of merchant,

shopper, and residential survey before and after pilot implementation

• Quantitative Data: collection of sales tax data as outlined in our tool + all other relevant data

Branding

Initial branding of the pilot should focus on a public outreach and education. Continuous engagement could mean event days and a “Telegraph Bikes” awareness campaign

OUTREACH

image source: http://la.streetsblog.orgimage source: https://bikeeastbay.org image source: https://bikeeastbay.org

image source: www.bikenewyork.org

Pilot Area

Methodology

Bike East Bay

Documents

Transcript of Bike East Bay