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Transcript of Big Ideas
What’s the Big Idea? Uncovering, Connecting and Creating Meaning in and through the Arts
Dr. Pamela G. Taylor, Chair and Associate Professor
Department of Art Education
Virginia Commonwealth University
[email protected] and www.people.vcu.edu/~pgtaylor
What comes first?
The Art - The “Big Idea” - The Theme - The SOLs - Art Experiences - Lessons
Raphael, The School of Athens, 1509-11, Fresco, 26 x 18 ft. Stanza della Segnatura, Vatican Palace, Rome
Faith Ringgold, Sunflower Quilting Bee at Arles, 1991Acrylic on canvas, tie-dyed, pieced fabric border74 x 80”. From the Series: The French Collection Part I; #4Private Collection
What is a big idea?How do big ideas inform
multiple disciplines?
Identity Power Sustainability Love Family Sharing Fantasy Reality Meaning Alienation Loneliness Reflection Emotions Nature Culture Idealism Memory Intersections Invisibility Risk Courage Satire Self Perception Perspective Storytelling Endurance Subconscious Introspection Safety Memorializing Honoring Community Traditions Consumerism Public Private Inventing Reinventing Satire Home Prophecy Whole/part Communication Music Dreams Materialism Persuasion Human condition Ritual Endurance Utopia Complacency Transcendence Fortitude Urban Human Emotions Heroes Social world Food/nutrition Self Environment Life cycles Interdependence Aging Life and death Conflict Spirituality Celebration Uncertainty Relationships Environment Suffering Human Diversity
Some Big Ideas
Perspective
Geometry Culture Philosophy
TechniqueValue AestheticsTheorems Scale
Math - Social Studies - Visual Art
Choosing the Art
-Narratively complex - Challenging- Provide possibilities for connections
- Easily accessible - Much has been written about it- Contains visible signs, symbols, and metaphors relevant to
students’ lives
What is the big idea?
Faith Ringgold, Sunflower Quilting Bee at Arles, 1991Acrylic on canvas, tie-dyed, pieced fabric border74 x 80”. From the Series: The French Collection Part I; #4
Private Collection
Raphael, The School of Athens, 1509-11, Fresco, 26 x 18 ft. Stanza della Segnatura, Vatican Palace, Rome
Discovering the
“Big Idea”
1. Construct interpretations based on your frame of reference and sets of knowledge as well as from information you glean in your research. (Look for contextual information both from a world view and the artist’s view).
2. Revisit questions, themes and information revealed through your interpretations of the work.
Read what others have written about the art and
artist.
"In autumn 1508, shortly after summoning Michelangelo to Rome, Julius II also sent for Raphael. A suite of papal rooms was to be decorated on the basis of a theologically-determined concetto. In contrast to the multiple small components typical of Early Renaissance frescoes, such as those by Fra Angelico in the Vatican and by Gentile da Fabriano in the Lateran (now lost), a freer, more generous style, appropriate to the might and breadth of the Roman papacy, was now the order of the day.
He commenced work at the beginning of 1509, and developed an expansive style of composition which presented itself as a homogeneous and easily intelligible whole. In large, arched frescoes Raphael brought to life the subjects he had been instructed to paint: The School of Athens, portraying the secular sciences of philosophy.
Aristotle and Plato are seen in conversation at the centre of the picture. just as one might imagine a scholarly discourse taking place in Ancient Greece, they are walking - in true Peripatetic manner - through a lofty lyceum. The gesture which Plato is making with his upward-pointing finger is symbolic in meaning: he is pointing to the source of higher inspiration, the realm of ideas. Aristotle, on the other hand, is gesturing downwards, towards the starting-point of all the natural sciences.
Like Michelangelo in the Sistine Ceiling, Raphael also incorporates a number of his contemporaries into his fresco. This Plato is probably a portrait of Leonardo, while Archimedes, bending down to draw on a slate tablet with a pair of dividers, may be recognized as Bramante. The figure immediately behind and slightly above is that of Federico Gonzaga. In addition to these and many others whose identities are now lost to us, Raphael also included himself: together with Sodoma, he looks out towards the viewer from beside the pillar at the extreme right-hand edge of the picture.
Faith Ringgold is an African-American artist and author who was born in 1930 in Harlem, New York City, and who is best known for her large, painted story quilts. As a child, she was taught to sew fabrics creatively by her mother, a professional fashion designer; and to make quilts by her great-great-grandmother. Ringgold's great-great-great grandmother had been a slave in her younger years, and made quilts for her white masters. There has been a strong African-American quilt-making tradition, influenced by the weaving done by the men in Africa, and brought to America with the slaves, where women continued the tradition. Quilts in the African-American slave community served various purposes: warmth, preserving memories and events, storytelling, and even as "message boards" for the Underground Railroad to guide slaves on their way north to freedom. Some techniques common to African-American quilts included patchwork, applique and 'crazy' quilt; some characteristics included asymmetrical designs, bright colors and bold geometric shapes, which were spiritual symbols.
In this colorful painted quilt image, a group of African-American women proudly display their sunflower quilt, in a field of sunflowers, with Van Gogh standing quietly in the background, holding a vase of his beloved sunflowers. The buildings of the village of Arles are shown in the background, painted with the bright yellows and blues that Van Gogh loved to use in his paintings.
In the early 1980's, her work often contained a grid format; this combined the 20th century use of a grid of squares as a device to organize a composition, with the traditional use of grids (squares) in the craft of quilt-making.
Possible Big Ideas
Perspective - Knowledge - Influence
Culture - Interior/Exterior
-Value
Faith Ringgold, Sunflower Quilting Bee at Arles, 1991Acrylic on canvas, tie-dyed, pieced fabric border74 x 80”. From the Series: The French Collection Part I; #4
Private Collection
Raphael, The School of Athens, 1509-11, Fresco, 26 x 18 ft. Stanza della Segnatura, Vatican Palace, Rome
Activity #1
1. Look at the work of art on your table.
2. Conduct research about the art and the artist using the books and resource materials
on your table. (make notes along with the page numbers, authors and title of the book).
3. Write 1-3 “big ideas” that you think this work is about along with an explanation on
your handout.
Developing the Theme or Key Concept
What is it about the “big idea” that the artist is addressing?
What is it about the big idea that you want your students to address?
What is significant about the big idea?
Concepts: What is significant about the big idea?
Perspective is the illusion of depth on a flat surface as well as the way we see things.
Knowledge is both the acquisition of information and the ability to discern and question.
Human beings are influenced by a variety of outside and inside forces.
Culture has multiple definitions and multiple values and beliefs.
Interior and exterior refers to physical spaces, feelings, thoughts, and ideas.
Although there are some basic human values, value systems may be very different according to perspective,
knowledge, culture, and influence.
Essential Questions related to the arts, the big idea and the
key concepts.
How does perspective affect our values and how do our values affect our perspective?
What and whose knowledge is important to know?
How can we recognize and choose what influences us?
How is my culture different yet similar to yours?
How do values affect our interpretation of art, of how we live, of how we think and know?
Activity #2
Based on the work of art and the big ideas that you gleaned:
1. Create at least 3 key concepts: What is significant about the big idea?
2. Formulate at least 6 Essential Questions related to the arts, the big idea and the key concepts.
Activity #3: Relate the big idea, key concepts, and essential questions to
learning experiences.
How does perspective affect our values and how do our values affect our perspective?
What and whose knowledge is important to know?
How can we recognize and choose what influences us?
How is my culture different yet similar to yours?
How do values affect our interpretation of art, of how we live, of how we think and know?
Perspective devices in art
Research of philosophers, Timeline Activity
Narratives of personal influence
Faith Ringgold’s Sunflower Quilt
Creation of own School of Thought
What “exactly” do you want your students to know and
be able to do when they complete this unit of
instruction?
Multiple Perspectival Thinking: Understanding Depth in Art and Culture
The students will observe, research, report on, and critically apply the
multiple methods of using perspective as an art technique, as well as a point of
view that is influenced by time, place, culture, and beliefs.
Create lessons that will help them meet those goals
Relating ideas, concepts and questions to artmaking
experiences
Multiple Perspectives
(Values, Ways of thinking and looking, Philosophy, Music, Art, and Aesthetics)
Lessons that link these ideas to standards
M-GEO.9-12.1 Analyze characteristics and properties of two- and three-dimensional geometric shapes and develop mathematical arguments about geometric relationships
NM-GEO.9-12.4 Use visualization, spatial reasoning, and geometric modeling to solve problems
NSS-WH.5-12.6 ERA 6: THE EMERGENCE OF THE FIRST GLOBAL AGE, 1450-1770
NSS-G.K-12.1 THE WORLD IN SPATIAL TERMS
NSS-G.K-12.2 PLACES AND REGIONS
NSS-G.K-12.4 HUMAN SYSTEMS
NSS-G.K-12.6 THE USES OF GEOGRAPHY
NS.9-12.1 SCIENCE AS INQUIRY
NS.9-12.6 PERSONAL AND SOCIAL PERSPECTIVES
NS.9-12.7 HISTORY AND NATURE OF SCIENCE
NL-ENG.K-12.1 READING FOR PERSPECTIVE
NL-ENG.K-12.11 PARTICIPATING IN SOCIETY
NL-ENG.K-12.12 APPLYING LANGUAGE SKILLS
NL-ENG.K-12.2 UNDERSTANDING THE HUMAN EXPERIENCE
NL-ENG.K-12.3 EVALUATION STRATEGIES
NL-ENG.K-12.4 COMMUNICATION SKILLS
NL-ENG.K-12.6 APPLYING KNOWLEDGE
NL-ENG.K-12.8 DEVELOPING RESEARCH SKILLS
NL-ENG.K-12.9 MULTICULTURAL UNDERSTANDING
NT.K-12.5 TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH TOOLS
Activity #4
Narrow your key concepts to four or less and coordinate them with the SOLs of one or more disciplines.
These standards give some ideas for “meaning” and
conceptual direction of the art experiences.
______________________
Now, the art teacher must make the artmaking and learning
experiences ART-FULL and link to art concepts and techniques.
Now what kind of art activities can we do that will emphasize
And…what will demonstrate this knowledge?
So the art teacher covers the art standards in an activity that promotes
issues of multiple perspectives:
The visual art teacher formulates art learning and art making ideas about
perspective.
1. Interpretation exercise
2. Critical research exercise
3. Perspective exercises
4. Figure drawing (gesture, proportion, perspective)
5. Narrative of personal influences
6. Construction of “School of Thought”
What does it look like?What does it mean?How does it mean?How do you know?
?What is this?
Is this a painting? Who are these people?
Where are they?Are they inside or outside?
How can you tell?Is this like an area outside of your home, of this school?
What is different? What is the same?What is going on?
Who are the most important people in this work?How can you tell?
Who is the least important person in this work?Why do you think the artist created this work?
Perspective and architecture--The perspectival arrangement allows for the fact that the painting is situated above head height (see the top of the door frame on the lower left). The architectural setting is imaginary, but its scale, magnificence, and harmony represent the ideals of the High Renaissance, which sought to express superhuman rather than human values. When this was painted, Julius II was planning the rebuilding of St. Peter's with the architect Bramante. In 1514 Raphael was appointed Papal Architect on the death of Bramante. Raphael's design here, with the use of the sober Doric order, is a handsome acknowledgment of his admiration for Bramante's style and achievements.
Research Activities
1. Look up information about the work that critics, historians, and/or what the artist or other artist's had said about his/her work.
2. Tell what was going on during the time that the art was created, some examples to go by are (history, economics, geographic, religious, politics, culture, etc.
3. Look at all parts of the work created by the artist and see if the work has any links, hints, or ideas to the artist's mode of working. Also look at photographs of the artist!
4. Look at the work through another point of view (feminist, semiotic, culture, etc.)
5. Tell about how your perspective effects your thoughts of the work. For example: your background, upbringing, politics, parents, religion, race, and/or your own perspective and philosophy on life.
After your team has conducted this research, you should look back at your perspective of the work, and ask yourself does it make sense now, does it fit with your other research, are your conclusions supported, credible, etc? Why or why not and how will you change your interpretation as a result of this work?
Criticism Postcard Activity
Student objective: The students will discern different approaches to perspective in other works of art. Resources: Postcards of works of art, enough for students to choose.
Student materials: Writing materials.Procedure: In groups of three, from the postcards on your table, choose one. Discuss with your group the different approaches that you feel the artist has used to create the illusion of depth. Look for ways that the artist has caused you the viewer to look at one figure, space, object, or area first or longer. What kind of philosophical perspective is evidenced in the work your group is discussing. Each member of the group will report on one facet of your discussion.Ending the lesson: We have looked at the different ways that artists represent perspective. And we have looked at how perspective can be both ways of looking at things philosophically as well as ways to create the illusion of depth on a flat surface. As some of the postcards demonstrate there are ways for creating the illusion of depth in figure drawing as well. In our next lesson we will be experiencing different ways of drawing the figure.Assessment: Did the students find different approaches to perspective? Did they also see different philosophical perspectives? Were they able to compare the two? Were they able to compare these differing perspectives with their own?
Students and Teachers as Co-learners
Interactive Timelines in the Classroom
Interactive Bulletin Boards
Research of Figures in Painting
Research of Figures in Painting
Work directly on the art (with clear overlay or use a computer!)
1 point perspective: Show the students how other artists have used one point perspective including Salvador Dali, Leonardo daVinci, and the ways that Versailles reveals how one-point perspective is used as propaganda.
This is a modeling activity. Either using a chalkboard or a large sheet of paper, have the students follow as several 1 point perspective boxes are drawn.
1. Make a mark in the center of your paper.2. With your ruler draw several lines radiating from that center point.3. Using absolute vertical and horizontal lines, draw a square that begins and ends at one of the radiating lines. 4. Then follow the radiating line that connects the two inner corners of the square and draw a vertical and horizontal line to reveal the farthest side of the box.5. Continue by drawing two more boxes in the space and then assign the students to draw five more boxes using these perspective methods: overlapping, size, placement, color, detail (they may add patterns, shading, etc.)6. While the students are working, go around and assist individually.7. Evaluation: Have the students used the radiating. Are their other lines on the boxes vertical and horizontal? (Watch for diagonals that do not come form the point). Have the students used effectively the other perspective techniques?8. Ending the lesson: We have practiced as Raphael did various ways of showing perspective or depth in a work of art. Tomorrow we will begin research that will reveal the ways that perspective can be our philosophical point of view as well.
Vocabulary Terms
Perspective-creating the illusion of depth on a flat surface AND the way we
look at things
http://un2sg4.unige.ch/athena/raphael/raf_ath4.html
Birds eye view
Palace of Versailles, 1669-85, Louis le Vau and Jules Hardouin-Mansart
Worm’s (or ant’s) eye view
Looking up at Auguste Rodin, the Gates of Hell, Plaster then Bronze, 1917, Musee Rodin, Paris, Rodin Museum, Philadephia
Human Eye level
Raphael, The School of Athens, 1510-11, Fresco Vatican, Stanza della Segnatura, Rome
What is your perspective?
Young, old, middle, female, male, culture, ethnicity, home, place,
histories, family, values, health (How are your likes and dislikes affected by
your perspective?)
Is your perspective being altered in this class?
Jud Nelson, Hefty 2-Ply
Frida Kahlo
Self Portrait Between the Borderline of Mexico and the United States Date: 1932, Size: 11 3/4" X 13 1/2" Medium:
oil painting on tin Collection of Mr. and Mrs. Manuel Reyero
Lascaux Cave Paintings, Lascaux, France, circa. 15,000-10,000 B.C. (Prehistoric Pd)
Van Gogh, The Potato Eaters, Oil on canvas, 82.0 x 114.0 cm. , Nuenen: April, 1885
Faith Ringgold, Tar Beach, 1988
Acrylic on canvas, tie-dyed, pieced fabric border 74 x 69 " Solomon R.
Guggenheim Museum, New York
Hokusai, Great Wave of Kannagawa
What happened before?
What happens next?Act out the paintingHow did the artist make this?
Size-the larger an object,etc. is the closer it appears
Placement--the lower on the picture plane an object, etc. is, the closer it appears.
This was one of a series of
four Norman Rockwell paintings,
The Four Freedoms, inspired by
Franklin D.
Roosevelt's 1941 State of the Union
Address.
Color-the brighter the color-the closer it appears.
Detail-the more detail an object, etc. has, the closer it appears. The less in-focus it is the farther away it appears.
Claude Monet, Stacks of wheat, 1890-91, Impressionism
1 point perspective--all lines converge on one point.
Van Gogh, Wheatfield with Crows, 1890, Postimpressionism (some say expressionism)
2 point-all lines converge toward two points.
Vanishing point- one or several points in a drawing at which objects appear to disappear.
Dürer, Albrecht
During 1513 and 1514 Dürer created the greatest of his copperplate engravings: the Knight, St. Jerome in His Study, and Melencolia I--all of approximately the same size, about 24.5 by 19.1 cm (9.5 by 7.5 inches). The extensive, complex, and often contradictory literature concerning these three engravings deals largely with their enigmatic, allusive, iconographic details. Although repeatedly contested, it probably must be accepted that the engravings were intended to be interpreted together. There is general agreement, however, that Dürer, in these three master engravings, wished to raise his artistic intensity to the highest level, which he succeeded in doing. Finished form and richness of conception and mood merge into a whole of
classical perfection.
St. Jerome dans sa cellule 1514 (200 Kb); Engraving
Tansey, Mark, The Bricoleur's Daughter1987, Oil on canvas, 68 x 67 in. Collection Emily Fisher Landau, New York
http://www.olejarz.com/arted/perspective/
Review of Some Art Terms
Perspective-creating the illusion of depth on a flat surface AND the way we look at things
Birds eye view- looking down on an area
Worm’s (or ant’s) eye view- looking up at an area
Human’s eye view or level-area is straight in front of eyes
Overlapping in perspective - when one object is in front of the other it is closer.Size in perspective -the larger an object, etc. is the closer it appears
Placement in perspective --the lower on the picture plane an object, etc. is, the closer it appears.
Color in perspective -the brighter the color-the closer it appears.
Detail in perspective -the more detail an object, etc. has, the closer it appears. The less in-focus it is the farther away it appears.
1 point perspective--all lines converge on one point
2 point persepctive-all lines converge toward two points. Vanishing point in perspective - one or several points in a drawing at which objects appear to disappear.
• M-GEO.9-12.1 Analyze characteristics and properties of two- and three-dimensional geometric shapes and develop mathematical arguments about geometric relationships
• NM-GEO.9-12.4 Use visualization, spatial reasoning, and geometric modeling to solve problems
• NSS-WH.5-12.6 ERA 6: THE EMERGENCE OF THE FIRST GLOBAL AGE, 1450-1770
• NSS-G.K-12.1 THE WORLD IN SPATIAL TERMS
• NSS-G.K-12.2 PLACES AND REGIONS
• NSS-G.K-12.4 HUMAN SYSTEMS
• NSS-G.K-12.6 THE USES OF GEOGRAPHY
• NS.9-12.1 SCIENCE AS INQUIRY
• NS.9-12.6 PERSONAL AND SOCIAL PERSPECTIVES
• NS.9-12.7 HISTORY AND NATURE OF SCIENCE
Lessons and standards
-Pythagorus
-Map exercise
-Looking at other works of art
-Perspective drawing
-Research
-Figure drawing
•NL-ENG.K-12.1 READING FOR PERSPECTIVE •NL-ENG.K-12.11 PARTICIPATING IN SOCIETY •NL-ENG.K-12.12 APPLYING LANGUAGE SKILLS •NL-ENG.K-12.2 UNDERSTANDING THE HUMAN EXPERIENCE •NL-ENG.K-12.3 EVALUATION STRATEGIES •NL-ENG.K-12.4 COMMUNICATION SKILLS •NL-ENG.K-12.6 APPLYING KNOWLEDGE •NL-ENG.K-12.8 DEVELOPING RESEARCH SKILLS •NL-ENG.K-12.9 MULTICULTURAL UNDERSTANDING •NT.K-12.5 TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH TOOLS
Lessons and standards-Research and reading about figures in paintings
-Assessment web
-Oral and written presentation of research
-Inspiration, Storyspace, Tinderbox, internet research
ART
Multiple Perspectives• Art standards: • NA-VA.9-12.1 UNDERSTANDING AND
APPLYING MEDIA, TECHNIQUES, AND PROCESSES
• NA-VA.9-12.2 USING KNOWLEDGE OF STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS
• NA-VA.9-12.3 CHOOSING AND EVALUATING A RANGE OF SUBJECT MATTER, SYMBOLS, AND IDEAS
• NA-VA.9-12.4 UNDERSTANDING THE VISUAL ARTS IN RELATION TO HISTORY AND CULTURES
• NA-VA.9-12.5 REFLECTING UPON AND ASSESSING THE CHARACTERISTICS AND MERITS OF THEIR WORK AND THE WORK OF OTHERS
• NA-VA.9-12.6 MAKING CONNECTIONS BETWEEN VISUAL ARTS AND OTHER DISCIPLINES
• Perspective exercise
• Interpretation
• Research• Looking at other
works of art
• Criticism• Timeline activity• Final art
Activity #5
What visual arts SOLs can be linked with your lesson ideas?
Assessment
Faith Ringgold, Sunflower Quilting Bee at Arles, 1991Acrylic on canvas, tie-dyed, pieced fabric border74 x 80”. From the Series: The French Collection Part I; #4
Private Collection
Raphael, The School of Athens, 1509-11, Fresco, 26 x 18 ft. Stanza della Segnatura, Vatican Palace, Rome
Activity #6Assessment is an extremely important aspect of any teaching. In the
example shown to you today, Individual evaluation was done based on
rubrics associated with each lesson plan as well as the overall unit plan.
Brainstorm with your group and list at least 3 artFULL ideas for assessing the unit that you are
beginning to formulate.
Summary-What comes first? (That is up to you and your
goals - Just make sure you know what you want your students to know and be able to do before you
begin planning your lessons).-- Link meaningfully with works of art (ALL UNITS
SHOULD INCLUDE WORKS OF ART!)-- Know your SOLS and link to them.
-- Remember that skills, facts, technique and media should be taught but as methods toward
understanding and relating to the “Big Idea”--Create examples to use
--Refer back to your unit goals and objectives and create authentic assessment evaluation and criteria