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![Page 1: BIG BLUE Satellite Program A High Altitude Inflatable -Winged Aircraft BaselineBalloon InflatableLaunch Glider Unmanned Experiment.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062715/56649da25503460f94a8f649/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
BIG BLUE Satellite
Program
A High Altitude Inflatable -Winged Aircraft
Baseline Balloon
Inflatable Launch
Glider Unmanned
Experiment
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BIG BLUE Satellite
Program
Core Team• Student team leaders
– Justin Kearns, Overall Team and Mechanical Engineering Technical Lead
– Mike Carter, Project Manager
– Aaron Welch, Electrical Engineering Technical Lead
• Advisors– Dr. Suzanne Weaver Smith, Principal Investigator and System Integration
– Dr. Jamey Jacob, Aeronautics
– Dr. William Smith, Communications and Power
– Dr. James Lumpp, Flight Control and Power
• Sponsors– National Space Grant Consortium via Kentucky Space Grant Consortium
– NASA EPSCOR
– ILC Dover, Inc.
– UK VP of Research
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BIG BLUE Satellite
Program
The General Plan
• Phase 1 and 2: 1.5 hour ascent at a constant rate • Phase 2 begins prior to balloon release
• Phase 3: 2.5 hour descent
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BIG BLUE Satellite
Program
Motivations• Low density (low Re) aircraft
- High altitude defense- Marscraft
• To overcome this challenge: larger wing span• Problem: costly to launch such large structures• Solution: Inflatable wings
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BIG BLUE Satellite
Program
ILC Dover • Design and development of softgoods products for both
government and industry
• Experienced NASA contractor
– spacesuit design
– flexible space structures
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BIG BLUE Satellite
Program
CU Balloon Launch
• Edge of Space Sciences (EOSS)
– a Colorado based non-profit
organization that explores frontiers in
amateur radio and high altitude
ballooning
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BIG BLUE Satellite
Program
Project Time-Line • October 2002 - core team formed, grant awarded, ILC Dover, Inc. visit
• November 2002 - balloon launch in Colorado
• December 2002 - wing design completed, control system design completed and tested
• January 2003 - NASA Langley, Wallops Island, UAT & NASA Marshall visits
• February 2003 - Final verification tests
• March 2003 - Critical Design Review, 1st Flight Readiness Review, 1st BIG BLUE Satellite launch
• May 2003 – 2nd Flight Readiness Review, 2nd BIG BLUE Satellite launch
• August 2003 - flight data reduction and analysis
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BIG BLUE Satellite
Program
Balloon Launch Basics
• Density and pressure drop
exponentially
– 30 km: alt=sl/60, Palt=Psl/100
• Temperature drops linearly in
the troposphere, then stabilizes
in the stratosphere until
increasing again
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BIG BLUE Satellite
Program
High Altitude Conditions
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BIG BLUE Satellite
Program
Team Organization
Wing Design Flight Control I Flight Control II Wing Deployment
Data AcquisitionRF/Digital
CommunicationsPower Autopilot Electronics
Structural / Integration
Launch / Recovery Outreach Risk Mitigation
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BIG BLUE Satellite
Program
Wing Design (X-foil)
• Aerodynamic analysis
– X-Foil software
– Conduct analysis under:
• Low Reynolds number
– 50,000 ~ 200,000
• Various angles of attack
– Lift and Drag coefficients
obtained determine performance
– Pressure distribution may then be
established
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BIG BLUE Satellite
Program
Wing Design (Airfoil Selection)
• Five different airfoils were
selected based on efficiency
of airfoils under low-
Reynolds number conditions
and analyzed using X-foil.
(dae11, dae31, e387, e398 and
s7012).
• After these were examined by
ILC Dover, airfoil e398 was
selected based on
manufacturability.
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BIG BLUE Satellite
Program
Wing Design (ANSYS)
• Finite element analysis– ANSYS 6.1 software
– “Bumpy” airfoil coordinates were
provided by ILC
– Pressure distributions obtained from
X-Foil were applied on the top and
bottom surfaces
– Wing material modeled as cured
– Static and Modal analyses were
performed
– Objective was to determine the
maximum stress to define the number
of composite layers
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BIG BLUE Satellite
Program
Wing Design (Prototype)
• UK Rapid-Prototyping lab created (using stereo-lithography) the two types of wing test sections for the selected airfoil
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BIG BLUE Satellite
Program
Wing Design (Test setup)
• Prototypes will then be tested in the UK low-turbulence wind tunnel
• Tunnel test section: 24” x 24” cross section and 48” length
• 50-hp motor drives 50 m/s with free-stream turbulence levels less than 1/2%
• additional wind-tunnel with smaller test section (8” x 16”) and lower velocity (35 m/s) is also available
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BIG BLUE Satellite
Program
Wing Design (Verification)• X-foil verification for other airfoils (e387 and
s7012) was first accomplished using wind
tunnel test data available from UIUC– UIUC conducts low-speed airfoil testing (data found
at http://www.aae.uiuc.edu/mselig/uiuc_lsat.html )
• Wind tunnel tests of our smooth e398 airfoil
will be compared to X-foil data to verify our
testing process
• Wind-tunnel tests of the bumpy airfoil will then
be conducted and compared to the ideal section
• One question to be resolved is loss at the
trailing edge
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BIG BLUE Satellite
Program
Flight Control I
• Who? Fall 2002 ME 412 group
• Autonomous Flight Control via
a closed loop feedback control
system
– Information System: GPS and
Gyroscopic Feedback
• Microprocessor Controller to
Control Attitude and Flight
Path
• Low altitude verification tests
via rigid wing glider
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BIG BLUE Satellite
Program
Flight Control I
• Autonomous flight capability:
MP1100 control system
– central microprocessor
integrates accelerometers,
gyroscopes, an altimeter, a pitot
tube, and GPS
– components allow capability of
airspeed hold, altitude hold, turn
coordination, and GPS
navigation
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BIG BLUE Satellite
Program
Flight Control I
• Control System Components
Control SystemMicroprocessor
GPSGyros &
Accelerometers
Speed(Pitot Tube)
Altimeter
ServoMotors
SpeedController
Motor &Prop
RxReceiver
TxRc Controller
ControlSurfaces
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BIG BLUE Satellite
Program
Flight Control I
• MP1100 offers versatile
programming options
– numerous configurations
accessible through onboard flash
memory
• Capable of multi-routine program
loops
• Emergency or failsafe routines
• PID loops and adjustable gains
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BIG BLUE Satellite
Program
Flight Control II
• Who? Spring 2003 ME 412 group
• Low altitude Micropilot testing
• Integrating UK Autopilot into BIG BLUE aircraft
• UK Autopilot low altitude testing
• Meet payload constraints (power and weight)
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BIG BLUE Satellite
Program
Wing Deployment
• Who? Spring 2003 ME 412 group
• Inflatable tube deployment
simulation
– Analytically predicts tube
deployment sequence
• Plenum design and inflation
method
• Meet payload constraints (power
and weight)
• Thermal vacuum chamber
verification tests
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BIG BLUE Satellite
Program
Wing Deployment • Vacuum chamber testing to explore expansion methods
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BIG BLUE Satellite
Program
Data Acquisition
• Who? Spring 2003 ME 412 group
• Instrumentation and data acquisition
– Cameras
– Environmental condition measurements
– Flight performance
• Meet payload constraints (power and
weight)
• Equipment calibration
• Ground testing
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BIG BLUE Satellite
Program
RF/Digital Communications
• Who? Spring 2003 EE 499 group
• Communication of control signals and
data; APRS/GPS System interface
• Verification tests
– Temperature
– Moisture
• Meet payload constraints (power and
weight)
• Integration and testing
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BIG BLUE Satellite
Program
Power
• Who? Spring 2003 EE 499 group
• Verification, temperature tests
• Develop power budget – set constraints for other subsystems
• Integrated effort with inflation and data acquisition
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BIG BLUE Satellite
Program
Flight Control Sensors/Programming
• Who? Spring 2003 EE 587 group
• Design, build autopilot based on MicroPilot design– AHRS unit: gyros and sensors for roll, pitch, yaw heading
– Crossbow is a possible purchase
• GPS certification to top speeds above 60k feet
• AHRS, APRS, GPS interface
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BIG BLUE Satellite
Program
Structural/Integration
• Who? Spring 2003 ME 380 group
• Planform design• Fuselage
• Wing mounting
• Internal mounting hardware and
orientation, abort parachute
• Manipulate component placement for
optimal C.G.
• Overall tracking of payload weight budget
• Tail control surfaces
• Meet payload constraints
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BIG BLUE Satellite
Program
Launch/Recovery
• Volunteer opportunities:
– Critical Design Reviewers
– Flight Readiness / Safety Reviews
– UK BIG BLUE website design
– Tracking interface to “watch” flights
• Lat/Long coordinates
• Altitude data packets
• Live camera feed
– www.findu.com
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BIG BLUE Satellite
Program
Risk Mitigation
• Volunteer opportunity
• Risk identification
• Likelihood and severity ranking of risks
• Development of solutions and verification tests in order to alleviate these risks
• Examples:– Premature rigidization of wings
– Batteries die early
– Transceiver malfunctions as a result of low temperatures
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BIG BLUE Satellite
Program
Outreach
• Volunteer opportunity:
– BIG BLUE t-shirts
– E-Day demonstrations and
exhibit booth
– Talks to K-12 schools; science
fun days, etc.
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BIG BLUE Satellite
Program
Overall Objectives
• Fall 2002
– Flight control verification
• Design and build rigid wing glider
• Test at low altitude
– Inflated wing design completed
• Spring 2003
– Establish remaining subsystem teams
– Design and build high altitude system
– Verification testing
– Balloon launch (late March – early May 2003)
– Data reduction and analysis through August 2003