Bidirectional electrical interfacewith neurones: a proof...
Transcript of Bidirectional electrical interfacewith neurones: a proof...
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Bidirectional electrical
interface with neurones:
a proof of concept of closed-loop
from recording to stimulation
RRRRéééégis Guillemaudgis Guillemaudgis Guillemaudgis Guillemaud
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2007200720072007
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© CEA 2009. All rights reservedAny reproduction in whole or in part on any medium or use of the information contained herein
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Outline
Introduction : challenges for brain stimulation
BioMEA development from LETI
Proof of concept for closed-loop stimulation on rat model
Conclusion
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Heart electrical wave management
External recording : ECG
Implanted stimulation : pace-maker
Stimulation
With a few electrodes
Recording
Closed-loopstimulation basedon heart model
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Brain electrical wave management
External recording : EEG
Implanted stimulation :
.
http://www.cerebromente.org.br/n03/tecnologia/eeg.htm http://neurocog.psy.tufts.edu/courses/images/eeg_tracing.htm
Stimulation
With a few electrodes
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Implantable devices for neurostimulation
Deep Brain Stimulation : Parkinson disease (Pr A.L. Benabid)
Vagus Nerve Stimulation : epilepsy, depression
Pain stimulation on spinal cord
Cochlear implant
Medtronic
Boston Scientific
Cyberonics
MXM/Neurelec
Stimulation of very large neural structureswith a limited number of macro electrodes
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Brain electrical wave management
External recording : EEG
Implanted stimulation :
No recording, no closed-loop, limited brain model
http://www.cerebromente.org.br/n03/tecnologia/eeg.htm http://neurocog.psy.tufts.edu/courses/images/eeg_tracing.htm
Stimulation
With a few electrodes
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New challenges for neurostimulation
Technical challenges
Neurosciences challenges
stimu lation
Implantable electronics
InnovationInnovation : implantable recording
Record
RF
Applications :Applications :• Transmission RF : diagnosis, BCI• Closed loop : epilepsy, Parkinson, …
2 functions :
1. RF transmission RF of signal
2. Closed loop for stimulation
Need for development of brain model for neurostimulation
- Which signal must be recorded ?
- Localization of stimulation, stimulation pattern ?
Action Potentialone neurone
Local Field Potential(LFP) network activity)
Brain oscillationAlpha, Beta, Gamma …
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© CEA 2009. All rights reservedAny reproduction in whole or in part on any medium or use of the information contained herein
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Outline
Introduction : challenges for brain stimulation
BioMEA development from LETI Proof of concept for closed-loop stimulation on
rat model
Conclusion
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2007200720072007
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In vitro studies with Micro-Electrode Array
Extracellular neuronal bioeletrical activity recording with MEA
Microelectrode Array (MEA)
Ayanda MEAµ-electrode 10-100 µm
Ionic and capacitive currents through the
membrane (Im) Biopotential
Microelectrodes
Im
+
Reference-
Action Potentialone neurone
Local Field Potential(LFP) network activity)
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Objectives of the NEUROCOM project
BioMEABioMEA TMTM systemsystem
Partners of the Neurocom project :
Funded by ANR
New tool for in vitro neurosciences
Needs for : High number of electrodes Better spatial resolution Recording & Stimulation capabilities on each electrode
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ASIC AGNES : Asic for General Neurons Electrical Study
11.2 mm
Voltage MeasurementVariable-gain: 1, 10, 75, or 750Low frequency cut-off : 0.1 Hz (cut the DC baseline)High frequency cut-off : 3.5 kHz (anti-aliasing filter)Input referred noise : 3.3 µVRMSInput impedance > 1012 Ω
Current StimulationRange +/- 400 µA max, time resolution < 1µsEight voltage-controlled current patterns available for each channel at any time
ASIC general characteristics• 64 measurement channels • 64 current stimulation channels with a choice of 8 voltage controlled patterns• Analog sampled output with a snapshot style sample & hold• Maximum Sampling Frequency: 50 kHz/channel• Total layout area = 26.5 mm2 (2.4 mm*11.2 mm)• Power supply : VSS / VDD=VSS+5V (floating)• Max power consumption : 125 mW• CMOS 0.35 µm
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BioMEA System set-up
ASIC 64ASIC 64
ASIC 64 ASIC 64
User interface
Recording and Stimulation Electronic
Control
ASIC 64
BioMEA 256256 Channels (4 ASICs) – High density MEA 256
BioMEA 64 64 Channels – MEA 60
High density MEAMEA 60 (MCS compatible)
Or
Innovations :
• MEA : (ESIEE) 3-D tips, 256 channels
• Recording & stimulation on each electrode
• 64-channel ASIC : Electronicintegration of the frontendstage (amplifier, stimulation, multiplexing)
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BioMEA : Results from LNR (CNRS Bordeaux)
Model for study from B. Yvert : Spontaneous neurone activity of spinal cord of mouse embryo
2D neurone activity mapping
Recording and stimulation of specific zones
64 élec. 256 élec.
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Outline
Introduction : challenges for brain stimulation
BioMEA development from LETI
Proof of concept for closed-loop stimulation on rat model
Conclusion
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2007200720072007
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© CEA 2009. All rights reservedAny reproduction in whole or in part on any medium or use of the information contained herein
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In vivo test plateform with BioMEA
Rat withimplantedelectrodes
Experimental set-up
MatLabInterface
on PC
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Epileptic model : GAERS rat
Team
Epilepsy seizure recordedon GAERS rat :
Local Field Potential signals
• GIN - INSERM U 836 Equipe : Dynamique des Réseaux Synchrones épileptiques : A. Depaulis, C. Deransart, S. Saillet, A. Asfour, O. David,
recording
Rat withimplantedelectrodes
CXS1
Striatum
Thalamus
Temps [sec]
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Proof of concept : on-line closed loop recording/stimulationto stop epilepsy seizure
Rat withimplantedelectrodes
Experimental set-up Team
Epilepsy seizure recordingon GAERS rat :
Local Field Potential signals
• GIN - INSERM U 836 Equipe : Dynamique des Réseaux Synchrones épileptiques : A. Depaulis, C. Deransart, S. Saillet, A. Asfour, O. David,
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Current bipolar stimulation stop epilepsy seizure
Matlab : on-line epilepsy
seizure detection
on-line closed loop recording/stimulation
CXS1
Striatum
Thalamus
Temps [sec]
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Conclusion
We have developped the system BioMEAto record and stimulate neurone networks
in vitro and in vivo.This system is becoming a product for Neurosciences
This is a tool to address new challenges of neurostimulations : recording and closed-loopstimulation .
We are working closely with clinical teams to address challenges of brain model and knowledge : ex proof of concept on rat model for epilepsy seizure management with closed-loop stimulation.
In parallel we are working on next generation of low power ASIC for recording and signal processing, towards brain implant.
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BioLogic
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Acknowledgments
LETI DTBS :
A. Bourgerette, G. Charvet, S. Gharbi, J.F. Bêche, C. Moulin, R. Escola, P. Pham, A. Defontaine, T. Levi S. Bonnet, F. Sauter, O. Bibari, P. Caillat, ,
DCIS : O. Billoint, JP Rostaing, C. Condemine
CNIC : ESIEE, MEMSCAP B. Yvert, P. Meyrand L. Rousseau,S. Spirkovitch
Biologic : F. Goy, T. Kaufman
GIN A. Dépaulis, O. David, S. Saillet