BIBLIOGRAPHY - Springer978-94-009-1649-4/1.pdf · BIBLIOGRAPHY Abramowitz, M. and Stegun ... V.L....

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BIBLIOGRAPHY Abramowitz, M. and Stegun, I.A. (1970) Handbook of Mathematical Functions. Dover, New York, U.S.A. Anderson, D.L (1958a) Preliminary results and review of sea ice elasticity and related studies. Transactions of the Engineering Institute of Canada 2, 116-122. Anderson, D.L. (1958b) A model for determining sea ice properties. In Arctic Sea Ice, Publication 598, National Academy of Sciences - National Research Council, Wash- ington D.C., U.S.A., 148-152. Anderson, D.L. (1960) The physical constants of sea ice. Research 13, 310-318. Anderson, D.L. and Weeks, W.F. (1958) A theoretical analysis of sea ice strength. Trans- actions of the American Geophysical Union 39, 632-640. Arakawa, K (1955) Growth of ice crystals in water. Journal of Glaciology 17, 463-464. Ashby, M.F. and Duval, P. (1985) The creep of polycrystalline ice. Cold Regions Science and Technology 11, 285-300. Ashton, G.D. (1986) River and Lake Engineering. ed. G.D. Ashton, Water Resources Publications, Colorado, U.S.A. Assur, A. (1956) Airfields on floating ice sheets. U.S. Army SIPRE Report 36, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, Hanover, New Hampshire, U.S.A. Assur, A. (1958) Composition of sea ice and its tensile strength. In Arctic Sea Ice, Publi- cation 598, National Academy of Sciences - National Research Council, Washington D.C., U.S.A., 106-138. Assur, A. (1961) Traffic over frozen or crusted surfaces. Proceedings of the First Interna- tional Conference on Mechanics of Soil- Vehicle Systems, Edizioni Minerva Technica, Torino, Italy, 913-923. Assur, A. and Weeks, W.F. (1964) Growth, structure and strength of sea ice. U.S. CRREL Research Report 135, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, Hanover, New Hampshire, U.S.A. Bates, H.F. and Shapiro, L.H. (1980) Breaking ice with gravity waves. Journal of Energy Resources Technology 102, 148-153. Bates, H.F. and Shapiro, L.H. (1981) Stress amplification under a moving load on floating ice. Journal of Geophysical Research 86, 6638-6642. Beltaos, S. (1981) Field studies on the response of floating ice sheets to moving loads. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 8, 1-8. Bennington, KO. (1963) Some crystal growth features of sea ice. Journal of Glaciology 4,669-689. Bennington, KO. (1967) Desalination features in natural sea ice. Journal of Glaciology 6,845-857. Biderman, V.L. (1952), Vibrations caused by moving loads (In Russian). In Osnovy Sovre- mennykh Metodov Rascheta na Prochnost v Mashinostoenii, by S. D. Ponomarev, V.L. Biderman et al., Mashgiz, Moscow, 198-202. Bogacz, R. (1968) Interaction between a moving set of nonlinear oscillators and a traveling wave. Proceedings of Vibration Problems 1, 55-77. Booth, J.D. (1962) Railways of Southern Quebec. Railfare Enterprises Ltd., Toronto, Canada. Bukatov, A.E. (1981) Influence of a longitudinally compressed elastic plate on the non- stationary wave motion of a homogeneous liquid. Fluid Dynamics 15, 687-693. Bukatov, A.E. and Cherkesov, L.V. (1973) Transient vibrations of an elastic plate floating on a liquid surface. Soviet Journal of Applied Mechanics 6, 878-883. 213

Transcript of BIBLIOGRAPHY - Springer978-94-009-1649-4/1.pdf · BIBLIOGRAPHY Abramowitz, M. and Stegun ... V.L....

Page 1: BIBLIOGRAPHY - Springer978-94-009-1649-4/1.pdf · BIBLIOGRAPHY Abramowitz, M. and Stegun ... V.L. (1952), Vibrations caused by moving ... A rctic Engineering Symposium 4 American

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Abramowitz, M. and Stegun, I.A. (1970) Handbook of Mathematical Functions. Dover, New York, U.S.A.

Anderson, D.L (1958a) Preliminary results and review of sea ice elasticity and related studies. Transactions of the Engineering Institute of Canada 2, 116-122.

Anderson, D.L. (1958b) A model for determining sea ice properties. In Arctic Sea Ice, Publication 598, National Academy of Sciences - National Research Council, Wash­ington D.C., U.S.A., 148-152.

Anderson, D.L. (1960) The physical constants of sea ice. Research 13, 310-318. Anderson, D.L. and Weeks, W.F. (1958) A theoretical analysis of sea ice strength. Trans­

actions of the American Geophysical Union 39, 632-640. Arakawa, K (1955) Growth of ice crystals in water. Journal of Glaciology 17, 463-464. Ashby, M.F. and Duval, P. (1985) The creep of polycrystalline ice. Cold Regions Science

and Technology 11, 285-300. Ashton, G.D. (1986) River and Lake Engineering. ed. G.D. Ashton, Water Resources

Publications, Colorado, U.S.A. Assur, A. (1956) Airfields on floating ice sheets. U.S. Army SIPRE Report 36, Cold

Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, Hanover, New Hampshire, U.S.A. Assur, A. (1958) Composition of sea ice and its tensile strength. In Arctic Sea Ice, Publi­

cation 598, National Academy of Sciences - National Research Council, Washington D.C., U.S.A., 106-138.

Assur, A. (1961) Traffic over frozen or crusted surfaces. Proceedings of the First Interna­tional Conference on Mechanics of Soil- Vehicle Systems, Edizioni Minerva Technica, Torino, Italy, 913-923.

Assur, A. and Weeks, W.F. (1964) Growth, structure and strength of sea ice. U.S. CRREL Research Report 135, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, Hanover, New Hampshire, U.S.A.

Bates, H.F. and Shapiro, L.H. (1980) Breaking ice with gravity waves. Journal of Energy Resources Technology 102, 148-153.

Bates, H.F. and Shapiro, L.H. (1981) Stress amplification under a moving load on floating ice. Journal of Geophysical Research 86, 6638-6642.

Beltaos, S. (1981) Field studies on the response of floating ice sheets to moving loads. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 8, 1-8.

Bennington, KO. (1963) Some crystal growth features of sea ice. Journal of Glaciology 4,669-689.

Bennington, KO. (1967) Desalination features in natural sea ice. Journal of Glaciology 6,845-857.

Biderman, V.L. (1952), Vibrations caused by moving loads (In Russian). In Osnovy Sovre­mennykh Metodov Rascheta na Prochnost v Mashinostoenii, by S. D. Ponomarev, V.L. Biderman et al., Mashgiz, Moscow, 198-202.

Bogacz, R. (1968) Interaction between a moving set of nonlinear oscillators and a traveling wave. Proceedings of Vibration Problems 1, 55-77.

Booth, J.D. (1962) Railways of Southern Quebec. Railfare Enterprises Ltd., Toronto, Canada.

Bukatov, A.E. (1981) Influence of a longitudinally compressed elastic plate on the non­stationary wave motion of a homogeneous liquid. Fluid Dynamics 15, 687-693.

Bukatov, A.E. and Cherkesov, L.V. (1973) Transient vibrations of an elastic plate floating on a liquid surface. Soviet Journal of Applied Mechanics 6, 878-883.

213

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Bukatov, A.E. and Yaroshenko, A.A. (1986) Evolution of three-dimensional gravitation­ally warped waves during the movement of a pressure zone of variable intensity. Journal of Applied Mechanics and Technical Physics 27, 676-682.

Bukatov, A.E. and Zharkov, V.V. (1989) Three-dimensional bending gravitational oscil­lations near moving pressure regions. Journal of Applied Mechanics and Technical Physics 30, 490-497.

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Choi, K. and Karr, D.G. (1989) A damage model for uniaxial creep and cyclic loading of polycrystalline ice. Proceedings of the Eighth International Offshore Mechanics and A rctic Engineering Symposium 4 American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Den Hague, Holland, 75-82.

Cole, D.M. (1990) Cyclic loading of saline ice: initial experimental results. Proceedings of the Ninth International Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering Symposium 4, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Houston, U.S.A., 265-271.

Cole, D.M. (1991) Anelastic straining in polycrystalline ice. Proceedings of the Sixth Inter­national Speciality Conference on Cold Regions Engineering, ed. D. Sodhi, Lebanon, New Hampshire, U.S.A., 504-518.

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Cole, D.M. (1995) A model for the anelastic straining of saline ice subjected to cyclic loading. Philosophical Magazine A. 72 231-248.

Cole, D.M. and Durell, G.D. (1995a) The effect of c-axis alignment on the constitutive behaviour of sea ice at low strains. Applied Mechanics Division 207: Ice Mechanics American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Los Angeles, U.S.A., 189-199.

Cole, D.M. and Durell, G.D. (1995b) The cyclic loading of saline ice. Philosophical Mag­azine A. 72 209-230.

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Cox, G.F.N. and Weeks, W.F. (1975) Brine drainage and initial salt entrapment in NaCI ice. CRREL Research Report 345, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Labora­tory, Hanover, New Hampshire, U.S.A.

Cox, G.F.N. and Weeks, W.F. (1983) Equations for determining the gas and brine vol­umes in sea ice samples. Journal of Glaciology 29, 306-316.

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Schleicher, F. (1926) Kreisplatten auf Elastischer Unterlage. Springer, Berlin, Germany. Schulkes, R.M.S.M., Hosking, R.J. and Sneyd, A.D. (1987) Waves due to a steadily

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222 BIBLIOGRAPHY

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Yen, D.H.Y. and Tang, S.C. (1976) Nonlinear waves generated by a steadily moving line load on an elastic plate. International Journal of Solids and Structures 12, 467-477.

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INDEX

abnormal resistance see wave drag accelerometer 187, 199 acoustic emissions 163 aircraft 211

Boeing-727 4, 5, 39 C-47 161, 162 C-131 162 LC-130 Hercules 164,179,211

amplification factor 206ff dependence on temperature 207 field estimates of 160-171 pas­

sim, 178, 180-182 table of values 208

aspect ratio 121 axial forces see in-plane forces

base elastic see Winkler base fluid see fluid base inertia 70, 77, 93 Winkler see Winkler base

beam see elastic beam, thick, on Winkler base and elastic beam, thin, on Winkler base

bearing capacity 2, 4-6, 39, 60, 206

bending force 59, 60, 106 bending theory 57, 69 Bernoulli-Love hypothesis 53 Bernoulli (pressure) condition see

boundary conditions blowout 4 boundary conditions

bottom (lake or sea floor) 65, 105

surface

223

kinematic (noncavitation) 65-67, 105, 107, 147

ice see ice plate, various pressure (Bernoulli) 64, 65,

67, 147 bulk modulus, relationship to Lame

constants 51

caustic 113, 114-116, 145, 184 characteristic length

dynamic 156 static 91, 163, 166, 167, 170,

180, 190 compatibility condition 49 critical speed

elastic beam, thick, on Win­kler base 87

elastic beam, thin, on Win­kler base 72, 75, 77-84

with in-plane forces 84, 85 elastic plate, thin, on Winkler

base 89,90 free surface with surface ten­

sion 100, 101 ice plate, elastic, thin 93, 95,

96, 98, 99, 107-111 pas­sim, 114-121 passim, 121-130 passim, 132, 133, 200ff

density of ice, effect on 202, 203

density of water, effect on 202, 203

field estimates of 160ff ice thickness, effect on 201,

203-206

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224 INDEX

in-plane forces, effect on 203, 204

Poisson's ratio, effect on 201, 203

water depth, effect on 202-204

Young's modulus, effect on 201, 203-206

ice plate, viscoelastic, thin 137-139, 143

viscosity, effect on 203, 204 critical wave number see critical

speed critical wavelength see critical speed current under ice 25, 86, 203 cusp 114-116, 118

dead water see wave drag deflectometer 160-176 passim deflexion see steady ice deflexion,

elastic and steady ice de­flexion, viscoelastic

deflexion or strain variation with speed see also amplifica­tion factor

deflexion or strain variation with speed 78, 143, 170, 175, 182

density ice, variation 202 water, variation 202

depression see also steady ice de­flexion, elastic and steady ice deflexion, viscoelastic

depression depth 170, 171, 175 width 170, 171, 174, 176

dispersion relation elastic beam, thin, on Win­

kler base 71, 72 elastic plate, thin, on Winkler

base 88 ice free (open water) 66, 108

ice plate, elastic, thin stratified fluid base 147-149 unstratified fluid base 96, 106-

109, 111, 112, 117, 122, 131, 170, 178, 180, 200, 203

ice plate, viscoelastic, thin 137, 138

wave number curve 112 disturbance front 129, 130

elastic beam, thick, on Winkler base 86ff

elastic beam, thin, on Winkler base 70ff

damped 80-84 basic equation 81 deflexion, due to moving load

82,83 qualitative synopsis 82, 83 transformed equation 82

undamped 70-80 basic equation 71 deflexion, due to moving load

75-77, 79-83 transformed equation 73, 74

with in-plane forces see in-plane forces

elasticity delayed, anelastic see also me­

chanical properties, ice delayed, anelastic 33-38, 41-

43,48,134-136,139,173, 204, 207, 209

instantaneous, Hookean 48ff base see Winkler base constitutive relation 50 moduli 50 solid, definition 47, 48

elastic plate, thin 52ff homogeneous equation 56 inhomogeneous equation 58

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Rayleigh, with rotatory iner­tia 56

INDEX

with in-plane forces see in-plane forces

elastic plate, thin, floating see ice plate, elastic, thin

elastic plate, thin, on Winkler base 88ff

anisotropic 90 basic equation 88

energy accumulation 110, 111 experiments

field 159ff qualitative synopsis of results

163, 165, 168-170, 177 laboratory 159, 176-178

flexural rigidity see rigidity, flex­ural and bending

floating ice plate see ice plate, elas­tic, thin and ice plate, vis­coelastic, thin and ice plate, viscoelastic, of finite thick­ness

fluid 48 deflexion of surface by moving

line load 99ff fluid base (foundation) 61ff

Bernoulli's pressure equation 64, 65, 67

constitutive relation 63, 64 continuity equation 62 deep 96, 98, 99, 107, 108, 163,

178,181-183 Euler's equation 63 Laplace's equation 64,67, 105 Navier-Stokes equations 63 stratified 145ff

foundation elastic see Winkler base fluid see fluid base Winkler see Winkler base

225

Fourier transform 77-90 passzm, 94,96, 97, 111, 117, 122, 131,134-140 passim, 151, 152, 156

free surface waves 64ff boundary conditions 65 dispersion relation 65

freshwater ice 1-4 passim, 29ff, 48, 57, 59, 68, 133, 159-165 passim, 178, 206, 211

growth 31ff frazil ice 31 geometric selection 31

mechanical properties see me­chanical properties, ice

structural features c-axis see also ice c-axis 31, 32 columnar ice 31 grain size 30, 31 ice-water interface 29, 30 impurities 30 liquidus 30 primary ice 31

gravity wave speed JgH, limiting 107, 108, 110, 111, 115, 117,118,121-130 passim, 134

group speed 72, 77, 80, 89, 99, 107-110,123, 128-130, 149, 150, 157

historical ice crossings 1 Gulf of Finland 1 Sea of Azov 1 trains 1-3

Lake Baikal 2 Lake Ladoga 93, 160 St Lawrence River 2 Sungari River, Manchuria 2,

159, 160 Trans-Canada railroad 2

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226

Trans-Siberian railway 1 homologous temperature 33, 34,

150 Hooke's law

generalized 50, 51 uniaxial 39

hump speed see also critical speed hump speed 4

ice, atomic structure 9ff a-axis, definition 10 Bernal-Fowler rules 10 c-axis, definition 10 defects 10 hydrogen and oxygen atoms

10 ice forms 9

INDEX

ice, freshwater see freshwater ice ice plate, elastic, thin 66-68, 90ff,

105-133,146-149, 154-157 basic equations 66,67,93,105 deflexion, due to stationary load

90-92 concentrated point load 91 distributed load 91-92

steady de flexion due to mov­ing load see steady ice de­flexion, elastic

steady strain due to moving load 189

unsteady deflexion due to mov­ing load see unsteady ice deflexion, elastic

vibrating load see vibrating load ice plate, viscoelastic, of finite thick-

ness 150ff asymptotic solutions 152, 153 basic equations 151, 152 strains, formal 152

ice plate, viscoelastic, thin 67, 68, 133ff

basic equations 59-60, 68, 135, 136

with in-plane forces 199 steady deflexion due to mov­

ing load see steady ice de­flexion, viscoelastic

ice, sea see sea ice inhomogeneity 56ff in-plane forces 74,84-86,90, 131,

133, 134, 199, 203, 204

kinematic (noncavitation) condi­tion see boundary condi­tions

Kirchhoff's hypothesis 53 Kronecker delta 51

lag between load and largest de­flexion 163, 167-174

time 173,174 lake floor condition see boundary

conditions lake ice see freshwater ice load

concentrated see steady ice de­flexion, elastic and steady ice deflexion, viscoelastic

distributed see steady ice de­flexion, elastic and steady ice de flexion , viscoelastic and unsteady ice deflex­ion, elastic

impulsively-started see unsteady ice deflexion, elastic

line see steady ice de flexion , elastic and steady ice de­flexion, viscoelastic and un­steady ice deflexion, elas­tic

stationary see ice plate, elas­tic, thin

vibrating see vibrating load Lupin gold mine, Canada 4

material description 47

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INDEX

Eulerian 47, 48, 50 Lagrangian 47, 52

mathematical model, simplest ac­ceptable 52,66, 70,81, 105, 110, 130, 150, 157, 158

mechanical properties, ice 33ff activation energy 42 anelasticity see elasticity, de­

layed cracks and crack density 36-

38 creep see also viscosity, irrecov­

erable creep 34-38, 42, 134, 136, 160

constant load test 34 steady state 34 tertiary 34, 35, 136

dislocations 10, 39, 41, 42 elasticity, delayed 33-39, 41-

43 grain boundary relaxation 41 grain boundary sliding 37,

41,42 elasticity, instantaneous 33-41,

43 hysteresis see also inelasticity hysteresis 166, 182, 193 inelasticity 33, 34, 43, 68, 70,

105, 114, 133, 150, 163, 166, 171, 196, 199, 206, 207, 209

internal friction 173 microcracks 34, 36 thermodynamic and microme-

chanical 35, 36 viscosity, irrecoverable 34-38,

43, viscosity, recoverable see also

elasticity, delayed viscosity, recoverable 34

moments bending 55, 56

twisting 55, 56 momentum equation 50

elastic plate 54, 55

227

moving reference frame 73, 89, 117, 122, 131, 137, 156

neutral surface 58

phase speed 71-73,75,89,99-101, 107-110,112,115,118,123, 126, 129, 137, 149, 150

minimum see critical speed physical parameters 67, 105 plate acceleration, neglect of 107,

111, 122, 123, 136, 148, 149, 200, 201

plate of finite thickness 60ff, 68 floating see ice plate, viscoelas­

tic, of finite thickness Poisson's ratio, variation 41, 57,

201, 203 relationship to Lame constants

51 portage 4 pressure (Bernoulli) condition see

boundary conditions

resonance equation, damped 160 response

classification scheme 163, 165, 168, 170, 175-177, 180

evolving see unsteady ice de­flexion, elastic

lag see lag between load and largest deflexion

steady state see steady ice de­flexion, elastic and steady ice deflexion, viscoelastic

transients 73, 78, 79, 86, 87, 89,99,110,124,126-130, 132

rigidity, flexural and bending

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228

homogeneous 56, 71, 73, 88, 90

INDEX

from critical speed 204~206 partially relaxed 153

inhomogeneous 58, 59, 67 partially relaxed 137, 148,

179, 180, 199~201,206,207 river ice see freshwater ice rotatory inertia see elastic plate,

thin

sea floor condition see boundary conditions

sea ice 1, 4, 5, 9ff, 48, 57, 59, 67, 86, 136, 146, 150, 162, 164, 178, 179, 193, 196, 201, 205~208 passim, 211

brine content and desalination 26~29

brine drainage channel 19~ 21, 27~29

brine expulsion 26 brine pocket 17~19, 26, 29,

30, 33, 40, 42 brine pocket migration 26 brine volume 26~29 flushing 26, 28 gravity drainage 27 salinity and salinity profile 9~ 15 passim, 19, 26ff, 28, 29,39

c-axis see also ice c-axis 10, 16, 18, 20~24, 25ff,

44 convection 15, 20 gas content see also brine con­

tent and desalination gas content 28~ 29 growth 20ff

geometric selection 22~24 solute entrapment 26

macroscopic features and types congelation ice 12

first year ice 12 frazil ice 21 grease ice 10 land fast ice see shore fast

Ice lead 10, 11 multiyear ice 12 pack ice 12 pancake ice 10, 13 polynya 11 pressure ridge 12 rafting 11 rubble field 12 shore fast ice 12, 86, 178,

209 mechanical properties see me­

chanical properties, ice phase diagram see brine con­

tent and desalination structural features

bottom ice 25 columnar zone 24, 25 grain size 19, 22, 24, 25 ice-water interface 12, 15~

18, 22, 25, 26, 43 infiltrated snow ice 22 liquidus 15, 16 orientation of c-axes see c-

axis platelets 16~ 19, 36 skeletal layer 15~ 18, 20, 26 supercooled layer 21 transition layer 22, 24

sea water see water shear, transverse see also ice plate,

viscoelastic, of finite thick­ness

shear, transverse 55, 69, 86, 87 shearing forces, large scale 11 steady ice deflexion, elastic

concentrated point load 93, 96, 97

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INDEX

distributed load 97, 98, 111ff, 117-121

asymptotic solution 113, 114, 118, 189

numerical solution 118 shadow zone 115-118, 129,

169, 180 wave crest patterns 114-121,

185-187 width of depression 170, 171,

174,176 line load 93-96

part of unsteady solution 124-126 passim, 132

steady ice deflexion, viscoelastic 135ff, 150ff

concentrated point load 142 distributed load 141

asymptotic solution 144 wave patterns 145, 146

Green's functions 152, 153 line load 137-141

strain bulk 51 definition 49 deviatoric 51 plane 52 principal, angle of 187-195 principal, maximum and min-

imum 187-195 rate of 33-45 passim, 49

strain gauge 164, 165, 177, 180-190 passim

strain gauge rosette 187ff four-gauge 45° fan 187, 188 three-gauge 45° star 187, 188

stress bulk 51 definition 48-49 deviatoric 51 inhomogeneous plate 59 intergranular shear 41

multi axial 34, 36 plane 52 resultant 55 uniaxial 34, 37

supercaustic 114-116 surface tension 99ff

tandem vehicle tests 160, 161 tensor, Cartesian 47

deformation gradient 49 strain see strain

229

strain rate see strain, rate of stress see stress

thin elastic plate see elastic plate, thin

thin viscoelastic plate see ice plate, viscoelastic, thin

unsteady ice deflexion, elastic distributed load 130ff line load 99, 121ff

leading to steady state 124-126, 128, 129

not leading to steady state 127, 129, 130

shadow zone 126

vibrating load 154ff viscoelastic 48, 59ff, 133ff

anelastic 33, 37, 41, 42, 48, 134-136,141,158,172,203, 204, 207, 209

bending force 59 Burger's unit 134 creep 34-38, 42, 59, 60, 90,

134-136,160,172,203,207 decay (damping) factor 138,

144, 145, 162, 209 hereditary integral 59, 60, 136,

158, 199 Maxwell unit 134-136, 139, 172 memory function 59, 60, 136,

141, 200

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230

phase factor 138 solid, definition 47, 48 standard model 136

INDEX

Voigt unit 134, 136, 139, 141 viscoelastic plate, thin, floating see

ice plate, viscoelastic, thin viscous damping see also mechan­

ical properties, ice viscous damping 80ff, 103, 133, 135,

141, 150, 152, 161, 162, 171, 172, 204

memory function see viscoelas­tic

water see also fluid base water

fresh impurities 30 supercooling 31

sea 12, 14 constitutional supercooling

16 impurities 14, 26 salts 14, 19, 28 salts, effect on freezing point

14 salts, effect on temperature

of maximum density 14 temperature of maximum den­

sity 14, 29, 30 wave crest 112, 114-116, 126, 134,

144-146,166,175,177,178, 182, 184-187, 189, 193

wave drag 149, 158 wave number curve see also dis­

persion relation wave number curve 112, 181-183 wave pattern, steady state 111-

113, 114ff, 119-121, 126, 133, 135, 142, 144

waves development 105, 118, 129 far field 209ff

free plane 65,71,88,105-107, 147

free surface see free surface waves hybrid 72, 73, 100, 106-108,

137, 145, 149 internal 145, 146, 148, 149, 158 modulation time scale 124 shadow zone 115-118, 126, 129,

169, 180 surface flexural-gravity

short leading, long trailing 72,78-80,83,99,100,109, 114, 126, 128, 129, 139, 144, 163, 166, 170, 178, 180,185-187,190-196,209

wave train 71, 78, 79, 80, 82, 88, 89, 100, 103, 126, 128, 129

Winkler base (foundation) 52, 61, 62, 70-72, 73-92 passim, 101, 106, 110, 131, 171

x-ray crystallography 9

Young's modulus effective see partially relaxed high frequency 39, 40, 43, 45,

162, 179 inhomogeneous plate 57, 179 partially relaxed 43ff, 48, 56,

179 from critical speed 204-206

relationship to Lame constants 51

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Mechanics

SOLID MECHANICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS Series Editor: G.M.L. Gladwell

Aims and Scope o/the Series The fundamental questions arising in mechanics are: Why?, How?, and How much? The aim of this series is to provide lucid accounts written by authoritative researchers giving vision and insight in answering these questions on the subject of mechanics as it relates to solids. The scope of the series covers the entire spectrum of solid mechanics. Thus it includes the foundation of mechanics; variational formulations; computational mechanics; statics, kinematics and dynamics of rigid and elastic bodies; vibrations of solids and structures; dynamical systems and chaos; the theories of elasticity, plasticity and viscoelasticity; composite materials; rods, beams, shells and membranes; structural control and stability; soils, rocks and geomechanics; fracture; tribology; experimental mechanics; biomechanics and machine design.

1. R.T. Haftka, Z. Giirdal and M.P. Kamat: Elements 0/ Structural Optimization. 2nd rev.ed., 1990 ISBN 0-7923-0608-2

2. J.J. Kalker: Three-Dimensional Elastic Bodies in Rolling Contact. 1990 ISBN 0-7923-0712-7

3. P. Karasudhi: Foundations o/Solid Mechanics. 1991 ISBN 0-7923-0772-0 4. Not published 5. Not published. 6. J.F. Doyle: Static and Dynamic Analysis 0/ Structures. With an Emphasis on Mechanics and

Computer Matrix Methods. 1991 ISBN 0-7923-1124-8; Pb 0-7923-1208-2 7. 0.0. Ochoa and J.N. Reddy: Finite Element Analysis o/Composite Laminates.

ISBN 0-7923-1125-6 8. M.H. Aliabadi and D.P. Rooke: Numerical Fracture Mechanics. ISBN 0-7923-1175-2 9. J. Angeles and C.S. L6pez-Cajun: Optimization o/Cam Mechanisms. 1991

ISBN 0-7923-1355-0 10. D.E. Grierson, A. Franchi and P. Riva (eds.): Progress in Structural Engineering. 1991

ISBN 0-7923-1396-8 11. R.T. Haftka and Z. Giirdal: Elements o/Structural Optimization. 3rd rev. and expo ed. 1992

ISBN 0-7923-1504-9; Pb 0-7923-1505-7 12. J.R. Barber: Elasticity. 1992 ISBN 0-7923-1609-6; Pb 0-7923-161O-X 13. H.S. Tzou and G.L. Anderson (eds.): Intelligent Structural Systems. 1992

ISBN 0-7923-1920-6 14. E.E. Gdoutos: Fracture Mechanics. An Introduction. 1993 ISBN 0-7923-1932-X 15. J.P. Ward: Solid Mechanics. An Introduction. 1992 ISBN 0-7923-1949-4 16. M. Farshad: Design and Analysis o/Shell Structures. 1992 ISBN 0-7923-1950-8 17. H.S. Tzou and T. Fukuda (eds.): Precision Sensors, Actuators and Systems. 1992

ISBN 0-7923-2015-8 18. J.R. Vinson: The Behavior o/Shells Composed o/Isotropic and Composite Materials. 1993

ISBN 0-7923-2113-8 19. H.S. Tzou: Piezoelectric Shells. Distributed Sensing and Control of Continua. 1993

ISBN 0-7923-2186-3

Kluwer Academic Publishers - Dordrecht / Boston / London

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Mechanics SOLID MECHANICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS

Series Editor: G.M.L. Gladwell

20. W. Schiehlen (ed.): Advanced Multibody System Dynamics. Simulation and Software Tools. 1993 ISBN 0-7923-2192-8

21. C.-W. Lee: Vibration Analysis of Rotors. 1993 ISBN 0-7923-2300-9 22. D.R. Smith: An Introduction to Continuum Mechanics. 1993 ISBN 0-7923-2454-4 23. G.M.L. Gladwell: Inverse Problems in Scattering. An Introduction. 1993 ISBN 0-7923-2478-1 24. G. Prathap: The Finite Element Method in Structural Mechanics. 1993 ISBN 0-7923-2492-7 25. J. Herskovits (ed.): Advances in Structural Optimization. 1995 ISBN 0-7923-2510-9 26. M.A. Gonzalez-Palacios and J. Angeles: Cam Synthesis. 1993 ISBN 0-7923-2536-2 27. W.S. Hall: The Boundary Element Method. 1993 ISBN 0-7923-2580-X 28. J. Angeles, G. Hommel and P. Kovacs (eds.): Computational Kinematics. 1993

ISBN 0-7923-2585-0 29. A. Curnier: Computational Methods in Solid Mechanics. 1994 ISBN 0-7923-2761-6 30. D.A. Hills and D. Nowell: Mechanics of Fretting Fatigue. 1994 ISBN 0-7923-2866-3 31. B. Tabarrok and F.P.J. Rimrott: Variational Methods and Complementary Formulations in

Dynamics. 1994 ISBN 0-7923-2923-6 32. E.H. Dowell (ed.), E.F. Crawley, H.C. Curtiss Jr., D.A. Peters, R. H. Scanlan and F. Sisto:

A Modern Course in Aeroelasticity. Third Revised and Enlarged Edition. 1995 ISBN 0-7923-2788-8; Pb: 0-7923-2789-6

33. A. Preumont: Random Vibration and Spectral Analysis. 1994 ISBN 0-7923-3036-6 34. J.N. Reddy (ed.): Mechanics of Composite Materials. Selected works of Nicholas J. Pagano.

1994 ISBN 0-7923-3041-2 35. A.P.S. Selvadurai (ed.): Mechanics of Poroelastic Media. 1996 ISBN 0-7923-3329-2 36. Z. Mr6z, D. Weichert, S. Dorosz (eds.): Inelastic Behaviour of Structures under Variable

Loads. 1995 ISBN 0-7923-3397-7 37. R. Pyrz (ed.): IUTAM Symposium on Microstructure-Property Interactions in Composite

Materials. Proceedings of the IUT AM Symposium held in Aalborg, Denmark. 1995 ISBN 0-7923-3427-2

38. M.I. Friswell and J.E. Mottershead: Finite Element Model Updating in Structural Dynamics. 1995 ISBN 0-7923-3431-0

39. D.F. Parker and A.H. England (eds.): IUTAM Symposium on Anisotropy, Inhomogeneity and Nonlinearity in Solid Mechanics. Proceedings of the IUTAM Symposium held in Nottingham, U.K. 1995 ISBN 0-7923-3594-5

40. I.-P. Merlet and B. Ravani (eds.): Computational Kinematics '95. 1995 ISBN 0-7923-3673-9 41. L.P. Lebedev, 1.1. Vorovich and G.M.L. Gladwell: Functional Analysis. Applications in

Mechanics and Inverse Problems. 1996 ISBN 0-7923-3849-9 42. I. Mencik: Mechanics of Components with Treated or Coated Surfaces. 1996

ISBN 0-7923-3700-X 43. D. Bestle and W. Schiehlen (eds.): IUTAM Symposium on Optimization of Mechanical

Systems. Proceedings of the IUT AM Symposium held in Stuttgart, Germany. 1996 ISBN 0-7923-3830-8

Kluwer Academic Publishers - Dordrecht / Boston / London

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Mechanics SOLID MECHANICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS

Series Editor: G.M.L. Gladwell

44. D.A. Hills, P.A. Kelly, D.N. Dai and A.M. Korsunsky: Solution of Crack Problems. The Distributed Dislocation Technique. 1996 ISBN 0-7923-3848-0

45. V.A. Squire, R.I. Hosking, A.D. Kerr and P.I. Langhorne: Moving Loads on Ice Plates. 1996 ISBN 0-7923-3953-3

Kluwer Academic Publishers - Dordrecht / Boston / London

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Mechanics

From 1990, books on the subject of mechanics will be published under two series: FLUID MECHANICS AND ITS APPLICA nONS

Series Editor: R.I. Moreau SOLID MECHANICS AND ITS APPLICA nONS

Series Editor: G.M.L. Gladwell

Prior to 1990, the books listed below were published in the respective series indicated below.

MECHANICS: DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS

Editors: L. Meirovitch and G.lE. Oravas

1. E.H. Dowell: Aeroelasticity of Plates and Shells. 1975 ISBN 90-286-0404-9 2. D.G.B. Edelen: Lagrangian Mechanics of Nonconservative Nonholonomic Systems.

1977 ISBN 90-286-0077-9 3. J.L. Junkins: An Introduction to Optimal Estimation of Dynamical Systems. 1978

ISBN 90-286-0067-1 4. E.H. Dowell (ed.), H.C. Curtiss Jr., R.H. Scanlan and F. Sisto: A Modern Course in

Aeroelasticity. Revised and enlarged edition see under Volume 11 5. L. Meirovitch: Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics. 1980

ISBN 90-286-0580-0 6. B. Skalmierski and A. Tylikowski: Stochastic Processes in Dynamics. Revised and

enlarged translation. 1982 ISBN 90-247-2686-7 7. P.C. MUller and W.O. Schiehlen: Linear Vibrations. A Theoretical Treatment of Multi-

degree-of-freedom Vibrating Systems. 1985 ISBN 90-247-2983-1 8. Gh. Buzdugan, E. Mihailescu and M. Rade§: Vibration Measurement. 1986

ISBN 90-247-3111-9 9. G.M.L. Gladwell: Inverse Problems in Vibration. 1987 ISBN 90-247-3408-8

10. G.I. Schueller and M. Shinozuka: Stochastic Methods in Structural Dynamics. 1987 ISBN 90-247-3611-0

11. E.H. Dowell (ed.), H.C. Curtiss Jr., R.H. Scanlan and F. Sisto: A Modern Course in Aeroelasticity. Second revised and enlarged edition (of Volume 4). 1989

ISBN Hb 0-7923-0062-9; Pb 0-7923-0185-4 12. W. Szemplirlska-Stupnicka: The Behavior of Nonlinear Vibrating Systems. Volume I:

Fundamental Concepts and Methods: Applications to Single-Degree-of-Freedom Systems. 1990 ISBN 0-7923-0368-7

13. W. Szemplmska-Stupnicka: The Behavior of Nonlinear Vibrating Systems. Volume II: Advanced Concepts and Applications to Multi-Degree-of-Freedom Systems. 1990

ISBN 0-7923-0369-5 Set ISBN (Vols. 12-13) 0-7923-0370-9

MECHANICS OF STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS

Editors: 1.S. Przemieniecki and G.lE. Oravas

1. L. Fryba: Vibration of Solids and Structures under Moving Loads. 1970 ISBN 90-01-32420-2

2. K. Marguerre and K. W6lfel: Mechanics of Vibration. 1979 ISBN 90-286-0086-8

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Mechanics 3. E.B. Magrab: Vibrations of Elastic Structural Members. 1979 ISBN 90-286-0207-0 4. R.T. Haftka and M.P. Kamat: Elements of Structural Optimization. 1985

Revised and enlarged edition see under Solid Mechanics and Its Applications, Volume 1 5. J.R. Vinson and R.L. Sierakowski: The Behavior of Structures Composed of Composite

Materials. 1986 ISBN Hb 90-247-3125-9; Pb 90-247-3578-5 6. RE. Gatewood: Virtual Principles in Aircraft Structures. Volume 1: Analysis. 1989

ISBN 90-247-3754-0 7. B.E. Gatewood: Virtual Principles in Aircraft Structures. Volume 2: Design, Plates,

Finite Elements. 1989 ISBN 90-247-3755-9 Set (Gatewood 1 + 2) ISBN 90-247-3753-2

MECHANICS OF ELASTIC AND INELASTIC SOLIDS

Editors: S. Nemat-Nasser and G.1E. Oravas

1. G.M.L. Gladwell: Contact Problems in the Classical Theory of Elasticity. 1980 ISBN Hb 90-286-0440-5; Pb 90-286-0760-9

2. G. Wempner: Mechanics of Solids with Applications to Thin Bodies. 1981 ISBN 90-286-0880-X

3. T. Mura: Micromechanics of Defects in Solids. 2nd revised edition, 1987 ISBN 90-247-3343-X

4. R.G. Payton: Elastic Wave Propagation in Transversely Isotropic Media. 1983 ISBN 90-247-2843-6

5. S. Nemat-Nasser, H. Abe and S. Hirakawa (eds.): Hydraulic Fracturing and Geother-mal Energy. 1983 ISBN 90-247-2855-X

6. S. Nemat-Nasser, R.I. Asaro and G.A. Hegemier (eds.): Theoretical Foundation for Large-scale Computations of Nonlinear Material Behavior. 1984 ISBN 90-247-3092-9

7. N. Cristescu: Rock Rheology. 1988 ISBN 90-247-3660-9 8. G.I.N. Rozvany: Structural Design via Optimality Criteria. The Prager Approach to

Structural Optimization. 1989 ISBN 90-247-3613-7

MECHANICS OF SURFACE STRUCTURES

Editors: W.A. Nash and G.1E. Oravas

1. P. Seide: Small Elastic Deformations of Thin Shells. 1975 ISBN 90-286-0064-7 2. V. Panc: Theories of Elastic Plates. 1975 ISBN 90-286-0104-X 3. J.L. Nowinski: Theory ofThermoelasticity with Applications. 1978

ISBN 90-286-0457-X 4. S. Lukasiewicz: Local Loads in Plates and Shells. 1979 ISBN 90-286-0047-7 5. C. Fili: Statics, Formfinding and Dynamics of Air-supported Membrane Structures.

1983 ISBN 90-247-2672-7 6. Y. Kai-yuan (ed.): Progress in Applied Mechanics. The Chien Wei-zang Anniversary

Volume. 1987 ISBN 90-247-3249-2 7. R. Negruliu: Elastic Analysis of Slab Structures. 1987 ISBN 90-247-3367-7 8. J.R. Vinson: The Behavior of Thin Walled Structures. Beams, Plates, and Shells. 1988

ISBN Hb 90-247-3663-3; Ph 90-247-3664-1