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Name Index

Note: where multiple authors are given in the text, the index may only list the name of the first author.

Abell, P., 146, 169 Abernathy, W. J., 149, 161 Ackroyd, S., 153 Adair, J., 219-20, 227 Adizes, 1., 226 Adler, N., 148 Aiken, M., 75 Albrow, M. C., 118 Alderfer, C. P., 11 Aldrich, H. E. 100-1, 122, 129 American Medical Association, 102 Andrews, K. R., 49 Anthony, P., 152 Argyris, C., 8, 253 Armstrong, P. J., 40, 185 Aston Studies, 121-3 AT & T, 26 Atachi, 159

Bachrach, P., 174 Bank of England, 176, 243 Baratz, M. S., 174 Barker, R. G., 98 Bass, B. M., 227 BBC, 243 Beach, D. S., 191 Belbin, R. M., 219 Bennis, W. G., 121, 237 Benson, J. K., 98, 101, 138 Berger, D. G., 103 Beynon, H., 57 Blackler, F. M. H., 26

Blake, R. R., 222 Blanchard, K., 75 Blau, P.M., 26, 75, 121, 173 B1auner, R., 59-60 Bolman, L. G., 222 Bono, E. de, 205 Bowey, A. M., 10 Box, S., 36, 37 BP, 48, 60, 148, 151 BT, 87, 151 Bradford, L. P., 8 Braverman, H., 62 Braybrooke, D., 210 British Rail, 54 British Standards Institute, 84 Brocklehurst, M., 22, 256 Brown, C. A., 26 Brunsson, N., 204 Bryman, A., 220-2, 224-5 Burack, E. H., 239 Bums, J., 227, 252 Bums, T., 67, 71, 88-90, 96, 123, 243 Burrell, G., 33 Business Week, 159 Butler, R., 80

Callahan, R. E., 221 Cameron, K. S., 50, 52, 131, 256 Carney, M.G., 80 Chandler, A. D., 49, 130, 137 Chems, A., 23 Chevrolet Vega Cars, Lordstown, Ohio, 26

288

Child, J., 40, 63, 64, 122, 129, 131, 137-8, 157

Churchill, C., 153 CIA, 198-9 Clark, B. R., 45 Clark, J. V., 237 Clark, K. B., 149 Clark, R., 154 Clarke, C., 225 Clegg, S., 152, 173, 178 Coch, L., 8 Cohen, D., 203, 212, 213 Cotgrove, S., 36, 37, 40 Crenson, M. A., 102, 174 Crompton, R., 60 Crozier, M., 98, 184 Crystal, G., 217, 227 Cummings, L. L., 17 Cyert, R. M., 46, 211 Czarniawska-Joerges, B., 204

Daniel, W. W., 10, 14, 26 Davies, D. S., 37, 183 Davis, K., 191 Davis, L., 23 Davis, M., 128 Dawson, S. J. N., 31, 43, 100, 178, 183,

243, 248, 267 Day, P., 43 Dennis, S. M., 54 Dickson, W. J., 10, 258 Dill, W.R., 90 Dirsmith, M. W., 142 Dodgson, M., 239 Donaldson, G., 46, 49 Donaldson, L., 122, 128 Douglas, M., 146 Downey, H. K., 92 Drucker, P. E., 76, 117 Duncan, R., 92 Dunford, R., 230 Dunkerley, D., 173, 178

Edwards, R. C., 22 Ehrenreich, B., 39 Ehrenreich, J., 39 Eilon, S., 67 Emerson, R., 182 Emery, F. E., 99 Engelstat, P. H., 25 Etzioni, 210 Evan, W., 79, 102

Fayol, H., 119, 158

Fein, M., 25 Fellmeth, R. C., 102 Festinger, L., 7

Name Index 289

Fiedler, F. E., 221, 224 Field, R. M. G., 224 Fiol, C. M., 253 Filley, A. C., 222 Finniston Report, 38 Flamholtz, E., 22 Fleishman, E. A., 221 Fombrun, C. J., 264, 267 Ford, Henry, 158 Ford, R. N., 26 Ford Motor Company, 185 Fox, A., 20, 33, 142 Francis, A., 50, 178, 256 Freeman, R. E., 264 French, J. R. P., 8 Friedman, D., 155

Galbraith, J., 90, 93-6, 98, 116, 237 Galbraith, J. K., 98 Gallie, D. J. D., 59-61 Garscombke, 144 Ghiselli, E. E., 220 Giddens, A., 138-9 Goldthorpe, J. H., 13, 14, 59-61 Goldner, F. H., 37, 183 Goodman, P. S., 52 Gouldner, A. W., 13, 35, 120, 142 Gow, 1., 146 Gowler, D., 10 Grabher, G., 105-7 Graeff, C. L., 225 Grant, J., 227 Gregory, D., 24, 26 Gunz, H., 37, 39, 183

Hackman, J. R., 25 Hage, J., 75 Hall, R. H., 75, 99, 207 Halpin, A. W., 11 Hampden-Turner, C., 227 Handy, C., 145, 239 Harvard Organisation and Environment

Research Programme, 124 Hastings, A., 36 Hay Group, 135-136 Hedberg, B. L. T., 156-7, 193, 253 Heilman, M. E., 224 Hersey, P., 224 Herzberg, F., 12, 17 Henderson, A. M., 119 Hewlett Packard, 150, 159, 255

290 Name Index

Hickson, D. J., 75, 123, 129, 184 Hinings, C. R., 36, 123 Hirsch, P. M., 98, 102-103 Hirschman, A. 0., 44, 182 Hofstede, G., 141, 147-8, 153, 226 Hollander, E. P., 216, 217 Honda, 161 Hopper, T. M., 40 House, R. J. K., 225

IBM, 150, 159, 185 IDE, 63 lmai, K. I., 104, 106 Imperial College, 67-71; Charter, 48 Institute of Social Research (Michigan),

11, 221-2 Interstate Commerce Commission, 102 ITT, 99, 159

Janis, I. L., 198 Jaques, E., 8, 15, 121, 229-30 Jennings, E. E., 220 Johnson, G., 87, 198, 261 Jones, B., 62

Kahn, R. L., 11, 196 Kanter, R. M., 17, 112-13, 115, 117,

151, 153, 229, 258, 265 Kantrow, A. M., 149 Kar, L., 191 Karpik, L., 98 Katz, D., 11, 196, 221-2 Katzenbach, J. B., 216 Kelly, J. E., 25-6 Kennedy, President, 116, 198 Kerr, S., 221 Khandwalla, P. N., 75, 95, 131, 136 Kilmann, R. H., 234 Kimberly, J. R., 131, 234, 253 Kingdon, D. R., 116 Kipnis, D., 216 Knight, K., 116 Korman, A. K., 221 Kornhauser, W., 35 Kotler, P., 265 Kotter, J. P., 260 Kouzes, J. M., 217, 227 Krone, C. G., 237

Lambert, P., 154 Lawler, E. E., 15, 17 Lawrence, P. R., 90-6, 123, 125, 128,

130 Lee, J. A., 224

Legge, K., 52, 260 Lewin, K., 8 Likert, R., 11, 221-2 Lindblom, C. E., 210 Littler, C., 10, 62 Lorsch, J. W., 43, 46, 49, 90-6, 123,

130 Lundvall, B. A., 105, 106 Lupton, R., 10

McDonalds, 152 McEwen, W. J., 45 McGregor, D., 12 Mcintosh, N., 26 Maister, D., 43 Martin, J., 253 Mallet, S., 60 Mandel, E., 99 Mansfield, R., 122 March, J. G., 17, 46, 120, 157, 203,

211, 212, 213 Marchington, M., 185 Marglin, S., 62 Marks & Spencer, 131 Martin, J., 253 Marx, K., 97, 139 Maslow, A., 11, 12 Masuch, M., 106 Mechanic, D., 184 Merton, R. K., 120, 153 Michigan Institute of Social Relations, 11 Miles, R., 106 Miller, D., 159 Millerson, G., 39 Mills, C. W., 97 Mindlin, S., 122 Mintzberg, H., 49, 98, 124, 125-8, 162 Mitchell, T. R., 220 Mohr, L. B., 52, 54 Monopolies Commission, 84, 103 Moore, D. C., 37, 183 Morgan, G., 31, 98, 253, 261 Morse, J. J., 92 Mumford, E., 192

NACODS, 185 NASA, 116 Nash, N., 131, 133, 135-6 National Foundation for Infantile

Paralysis, 45 Nicholls, J. R., 225 Noble, D., 39, 55, 62

Ohio State University, 11

Okimoto, D. I., 155 Oldham, G. R., 25 Olins, W., 87 Olsen, P., 212, 213 Oppenheimer, M., 38 Orra, M., 107 Ouchi, W. G., 21, 151, 156

Parsons, T ., 119 Pascale, R. T., xxvii, 234, 255, 256,

261, 265 Payne, R. L., 146 Pennings, J., 52, 122 Perrow, C., 46, 50, 71, 73-6, 90, 92,

98, 103, 104, 124, 173, 244 Peters, T. J., 65, 76, 115, 117, 119,

121, 150--2, 156-60, 234, 252, 255, 256, 265

Peterson, R. A., 103, Pettigrew, A., 51, 138, 169, 196, Pfeffer, J., 101, 138, 169, 173, 175, 267 Philips, 26 Pondy, L. R., 219 Porter, L. W., 15, 17 Porter, M., 87, 265 Powell, A. G., 40 Powell, W. W., 106 Price, R. L., 21 Pritchard, R. D., 15 Project Sappho, 238 Pugh, D. S., 75, 121, 122-3, 129,

146, 238

Quinn, J. B., 50, 103, 131, 234, 252, 253, 256

Randall, R., 85 Reeves, T. K., 68-70 Rehder, R., 24 Rice, A. K., 57 Ritti, R. R., 37, 183 Robens Report, 178 Rodrigues, C. A., 226 Roethlisberger, F. J., 10 Rose, M., 10, 62

Saab Scania, 26, 134 Sabel, C., 160--2 Salaman, G., 62, 138, 184 Salancik, G. R., 101, 169, 267 Sampson, A., 99 Schattschneider, E. E., 174 Schien, E. H., 252, 253 Schoenherr, R., 121, 173

Schonberger, R. J., 24 Schwab, D. P., 17

Name Index 291

Scott, R. A., 45 Selznick, P ., 45, 97, 120 Senge, P., 228, 253, 254 Shell Company, 26 Shrum, W., 267 Sills, D. L., 46 Silverman, D., 138 Simon, H. A., 17, 120, 197 Smircich, L., 49, 98, 152 Smith, J., 10 Sorge, A., 62-3 Spradley, J. P., 153 Stalker, G. M., 67, 71, 88-90, 96, 123 Standard Oil, 71 Starbuck, W. H., 66, 79, 98 Staw, B. M., 206, 207 Steers, R. M., 52 Steward, K., 267 Stewart, V., 113-14 Stoghill, R. M., 220, 221, 222 Storey, J., 65 Sunday Times, Insight Team, 98 Sveiby, K., 117 Szilagyi, A. D., 221

Tannenbaum, A., 11, 178 Tannenbaum, R., 223 Tavistock Institute of Human Relations,

57-9 Taylor, F. W., 9, 10, 12, 119, 158 Tennessee Valley Authority, 45, 97,

120 Terreberry, S., 99 Texas Instruments, 150, 154 Thompson, J. D., 45, 71-3, 75-6, 88,

90, 92, 93, 96, 197 Thompson, M., 153, 197 Thurley, K., 146, 154 Tichy, N., 253 Tosi, H., 92 Trist, E. L., 57, 99 Turner, B. A., 69-70, 152 Tushman, M. L., 169

Urwick, L. F., 119, 158 US Steel, 102

Van de Yen, A. H., 124 Vauxhall Cars, 13 Vernon, R., 99 Volvo Cars, 24, 26, 134 Vroom, V. H., 11, 12, 15, 224, 259-60

292 Name Index

Waterman, R. H., 150-2, 157, 159, 161, 252, 265

Weber, M., 97, 118-19 Wedderburn, D. E. C., 60 Weick, K. E., 49, 98, 122, 134, 138,

203 Whipp, R., 51 White, M., 10 Wickens, P., 146, 152, 154 Wildavsky, A., 153, 197-8, 200 Wilensky, H. L., 200 Wilkinson, B., 62

Williamson, 0. E., 103-5, 178 Wilson, J. Q., 246 Winer, B. J., 11 Womack, J. P., 24, 256 Wood, S., 128 Woodward, J., 59-60, 65-9, 71, 92, 93,

247, 265 Woot, de, 158

Yetton, P. W., 224, 259-60

Zald, M., 185, 247

adhocracy, 121, 126-8, 162 analytical perspectives: functionalist,

178; in this book, 268-9; Marxist, 33, 62; pluralist, 33; radical, 33; social action, 134-5, 138-9; technological determinism, 60-1; unitary, 33

attitudes, xxii, xxviii, 3-9, 27-8; to change, 6-9, 256-60; cognitive dissonance, 7; persuasion, 7-8

automation, see new technology

bargaining, 85-6, 95, 179, 210, 241 behavioural theory of the firm, 211-12 bureaucracy, ll6-28, 151, 158

case studies: Comset Case, 249-51; Elco Case, xxiii-xxvi, 268; cases illustrating power and conflict, 167-8; The Village Post Office, 77-81

causality, 122, 135-7, 157-8 centralisation, 118-22, 127, 161-2 change, 81-2, 131-4, 175, 232-263;

change agents, 258; resistance to, 256-60; see also implementation, new technology

coalitions, 46, 86-7, 245-6 collective action, 185 communication, 69, 70, 89, 94-6, 112,

145, 188-201, 233; definition, 191; gatekeepers, 102, 196-7; ideal, 193; impact of IT, 191-3; problems, 193-201

Subject Index

complexity, xvi, xxvi, 26, 66, 70, 71, 93-5, 122, 124-40

conditioning, 17 conflict, xxiv, 33-4, 43-4, 167-87, 205-7,

269; departmental, 31; overt and covert, 171-5; with professional employees, 34-43

constraints, xxvii-xxviii, 44, 82, 175-6, 262

consultation, 258-60 contingency theory/approach, 93, 96,

123-40, 158, 224, 237; main problem areas, 128-39

control, 20-3, 30, 40-3, 44, 59, 60, 61-4, 85, 87, 88, 109-11, 121, 125-8, 134, 262; hierarchical, 20-1, 120-3; output, 21-3; by rules, 21-3, 67-9; self, 21-3; span of, 67-9; by technology, 21-3, 67-9, 175; unobtrusive, 21-3, 126, 154-62, 172-5; see also power, resources

co-opting/incorporation, 85-7, 94, 101-3 co-ordination, 24, 75-6, 90-6, 109-18,

121-2, 134-5; cosmopolitans (and locals), 13-14, 34, 89

creativity, 17, 232-5, 236 culture, xxiii, xxviii, 21, 141-63, 190,

197, 200, 219, 265-67

decision-making, 40, 41, 56, 90, 131, 188-90, 201-13, 233-4, 240; definition, 201; garbage can, 212; incremental, 21 0; mixed scanning,

293

294 Subject Index

decision-making: mixed scanning cont. 210; participative, 258-60; rational, 208; typology, 207-14

departmental functions, see management functions

dependency, 19-20, 27, 58, 71-3, 100, 107, 139, 180-4

development function, see management functions;

differentiation (of departments or jobs), 71-3, 90-7, 112-15, 133; see also specialisation

discretion, 20-23, 30, 62-4 dual career ladder, 37

effectiveness, see performance efficiency, see performance engineers, xv, 36-7, 39, 55-6, 168;

chemical, 7; development, 56; software, 84, 184

environment of organisations, xxiii, 4-6, 77-106, 123-40, 143-4, 265-7; causal texture of, 99-100; change in, 81-2, 144; control of, 85-9, 96-7; creating the, 97-100, 101-3; definition, 78-9; information perspective, 93-6; natural selection/ population ecology, 100-1; politics in, 96-7, 101-3; turbulence, 96-106

evaluation, 260-1 exchange theory, 180-4

finance function, see management functions

flexibility, 26, 76, 88, 121, 156-7, 160-2

Fordism, 160-2 formalisation, 118-19, 122-4 functionalism, see analytical perspectives

geographical spread of organisations, 30-2 goals in organisations, 43-8, 93, 205-8;

displacement, 45; setting, 46; succession, 45-6; official, 48; operative, 48

government intervention, 44, 80, 84, 102-3

groups in organisations, 8-9, 10-11, 44-5, 57-9, 60, 113-14, 197, 259; reference groups, 4; see also interest groups

growth of firms: horizontal integration, 85; markets and hierarchies, 98, 137; vertical integration, 85, 97-9

Hawthorne studies: Hawthorne effect, 10, 25

health and safety, 31, 178, 243-4 hierarchy, 22, 29-30, 40, 112-13, 120-3,

124-8, 184-5, 200, 216, 248; and market, see growth of firms; see also bureaucracy, control, organisation structure

holographic organisations, 253 human relations, 11, 120

implementation, 209, 240-51 industrial structure, 7, 79, 102, 132-3,

160-2 information systems, 3, 76, 83-5, 93,

157, 191-3, 201, 205 information technology, see new

technology innovation, xxii, 87, 156-7, 161, 189,

238 inputs, 53-5, 73-5, 80-3, 84, 97, 201 intention, see motivation interdependence, see dependency interest groups, xxii, xxvii, 29-43, 49,

56, 169-70, 187, 245, 269 integration, 90-6, 98, 133; see also

co-ordination (between departments) and growth of firms (between companies)

irrationality, see rationality

Japanese management, 21, 146, 149, 151-2, 154-5

job design (enlargement, enrichment, rotation), 23-7, 57-8

job requirements, 19-20, 23; discretion, 20-7, 57-64, 183-4

labour market, 18, 27; dual, 155, 157 leadership, 118, 131, 132-3, 215-30;

transformational, 253-6, 229-30 learning, in/of organisations, 228-30,

232-3, 253, 261 legitimacy, 119, 172-3; through

decision-making, 184-90 levels of analysis, xxviii, 242 life-cycle, of organisation, 50; of

product, 88-9, 131-3

management functions, 25-6, 28-9, 113-14; development/technical, xxiii-xxvii, 26, 69, 172, 190, 244, 250; finance, xxiii-xxvi, 114, 244, 250; marketing and sales, xxiii-xxvi,

56, 69, 172, 246, xxiii-xxvii; production, 55-6, 67-9, 172, 201, 244, 250; purchasing, 168, 247; R&D, see R&D; see also relationships across boundaries

marketing function, see management functions

matrix structure/organisation, 37, 94, 107, 114-16, 128

motivation, 3-4, 9-17, 18, 30, 47, 49, 60, 131, 255; content theories, 9-15; process theories, 14-16; and intention, 176, 244-5

multinational corporations, 31, 62, 98, 99: see also growth of firms

negotiating, see bargaining networks, 76, 102, 105-6, 145, 198, 255 new technology (automation and

information technology), 61-4, 75-6, 156-62, 170, 191-3; effect on skill, 62-4, 74-6; reasons for introduction, 62-3

objectives, see goals organisation, definition, xxii organisation development, 237 organisation set, 79 organisation structure, xxii, xxvi, 37, 56,

65-9, 88-96, 100, 109-40, 145, 151, 265-7; artisanal, 16Q-2; functional, 111-14, 135-6, 247; matrix, see matrix structure; mechanistic, 71, 76, 88-90, 92, 134, 237; organic, 69, 86-8, 90, 127, 214; product, 113-14, 136, 247; see also co-ordination, control, specialisation

outcomes, 187, 242-7, 262

paradox, in management, xxvi-xxvii, 35, 50, 52, 91, 106, 150, 154, 186, 206, 255, 256, 268

participation, 26, 222, 224, 234-5, 237, 258-60

performance of individuals, 15-16, 17-28, 118

performance of organisations, 5Q-2, 90, 91-6, 120, 123-40, 144, 149- 52, 154-62, 235, 239, 255, 264-9

power, 34, 88, 102, 103, 106, 147, 167-87, 215, 233; definition, 169-70, 247; and discretion, 183-4; by force, 185; in implementation,

Subject Index 295

247-8; and influence, 170, 187; and resources, 174-78; zero-sum, 180-4

prison workshops, 183, 248 product market, 46, 132-3, 153 production function, see management

functions production systems, 53-6, 59-61, 66;

coal, 57-8; hi-tech villages, 16Q-2 professionals in organisations, 21, 34-42,

127, 211; professional managerial class, 39-40; proletarian professionals, 38-9

purchasing function, see management functions

quality, xxiii-xxvi, 19-20, 64, 68 quality of working life (QWL), 23, 83

R & D, 36-7, 50, 56, 192, 211, 246; see also scientists, engineers

rationality (and irrationality), 17, 49, 202-4, 208-14, 233-4, 241, 251-2, 261; bounded, 70, 197

raw materials, see inputs reference group, 6 regulation, external on organisations, 79,

8D-2, 83-4, 99-101 relationships across boundaries, 111-16,

69, 95, 124, 200; formality of, 118; their management, 95

resources, xxvi, xxvii, 33, 94, 101, 179-84, 189, 246-7, 269; discretion over, 183-5; see also power, control

rewards, 18; equity theory, 15; expectancy theory, 15-19; extrinsic, 12-14, 59-61; hierarchy of needs, 11-13; intrinsic, 11-14; pay, 10, 13-14, 15-16, 118, 205, 241; see also motivation

rules and procedures, 88, 93-4, 11Q-11, 112, 118-21; see also bureaucracy, control by rules

sales, see management functions scientific management, 10, 119 scientists, 36-8, 55 search procedures, 73-5, 206, 211-13 serendipity, 17, 139, 203, 212, 234 size and organisation, 121-2, 136 social class, 32, 59-60 social context, xxvi, 6-7, 27, 32-4 socialisation, 6, 7, 36, 145 specialisation, 1 9, 68, 113-16, 16Q-2

296 Subject Index

standardisation, 19-20, 23-4, 75, 120-2, 125-6; of raw materials, 73-5

strategic choice, 101, 134, 137-8 strategic contingencies, see power,

contingency theory strategy, corporate, xxii, xxvi, 5, 8, 9,

48-9, 73, 134, 137, 144, 145, 159, 189, 265-7

structure, see organisation structure supervisory behaviour, 19, 60-1, 248 systems, open, xxvi, 51, 268;

socio-technical, 57-9

teams, 24; project, 116-18, 255 technical change, 47, 86-7, 106; see

also new technology

technology, xxii, xxvii; definition, 67; and organisation, 53-76, 65-76, 123-40, 144, 145, 265-7; see also new technology

trade unions, 47, 56, 59-60, 80, 210 typologies of organisations, by

Mintzberg, 124-8; by Pugh, 122-3

unanticipated consequences, 120-1, 243-4 uncertainty, xxvi, 75-6, 80, 90-6,

123-40, 147, 184, 203

work groups, see groups in organisations, interest groups

work organisation, 57-64; see also job design