Bibliography PUBLISHED WORKS

Books

Acheson, Dean, Present at the Creation (London: Hamish Hamilton, I970).

Adenauer, Konrad, Memoirs 1945-53, translated by Beate Ruhm von Oppen (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, I 966).

Aron, Raymond and Daniel Lerner, La querelle de la CED (Paris: Librairie Armand Colin, I956). (The edition in English is France Defeats EDC (New York: Frederick A. Praeger Inc., I957).

Beugel, Ernst Hans van der, European Integration as a Concern of American Foreign Policy (Amsterdam: Elsevier Publishing Co., 1966).

Eden, The Rt Hon Sir Anthony, The Memoirs of the Rt Hon Sir Anthotry Eden- Full Circle (London: Cassell, 1960).

Fauvet, J., La !Ve Republique (Paris: Fayard, I959)· Gladwyn, Lord, The Memoirs of Lord Gladwyn (London: W eidenfeld

and Nicholson, I972). Halle, Louis]., The Cold War as History (London: Chatto & Wind us,

1970). Hayter, Sir William, A Double Life (London: Hamish Hamilton,

1974)· Ismay, Lord, NATO, The First Five Years I94fri954 (Paris: NATO

Information Service) . Johnson, Douglas, France (London: Thames and Hudson, 1969). Leites, Nathan and Christian de la Malt~ne, Paris from EDC to WEU

(Santa Monica: Rand Corporation, March 1956). Mendes-France, Pierre, Choisir (Paris: Stock, I 974). Monnet, Jean, Memoires (Paris: Fayard, I976). Mowat, R. C., Creating the European Communiry (London: Blandford

Press, 1973).

344

Bibliography 345 Mulley, F. W ., The Politics of Western Defence (London: Thames and

Hudson, 1962). Nutting, The Rt Hon Anthony, Europe Will Not Wait (London:

Hollis & Carter, 1960) . Rouanet, Pierre, Mendes-France au pouvoir 1954-55 (Paris: Laffont,

1965). Spaak, Paul-Henri, The Continuing Battle (London: Weidenfeld and

Nicolson, 1971). (Original version published as Combats Inacheves by Fayard.)

Stebbins, Richard P., The United States in World Affairs 1953 (New York: Harper and Brothers, 1953).

Stebbins, Richard P., The United States in World Affairs 1954 (New York: Harper and Brothers, 1953) .

Stikker, Dirk, Men of Responsibility (London: John Murray, 1965). Taviani, Paulo Emilio, Solidarieta Atlantica e Communita Europea

(Florence: Le Monnier, 1954). Wheeler-Bennett, Sir John, and Anthony Nicholls, The Semblance of

Peace (London: Macmillan, 1972). Y ergin, Daniel, Shattered Peace (Boston: Houghton Mifflin

Company, 1977).

Atlantic Alliance (London: Royal Institute for International Affairs, 1952).

Herausgegeben vom Militargeschichtlichen Forschungsamt, Verteidigung im Biindis. Planung, Aujbau und Bewiihrung der Bundeswehr 1950-1972 (Munich: Bernard & Graefe Verlag, 1975).

Rearmement Allemand et Difense Occidentale (Paris: Librairie Aristide Quillet, January 1954).

Specific Chapters, Articles and Statements

Cornides, Wilhelm und Hermann Volle, 'Atlantikpakt und Europaische Verteidigungs- gemeinschaft', Europa-Archiv, 20 July 1952, pp. 5020-40.

Greiner, Christian, 'Die Dienststelle Blank', Militiirgeschichtliche Mitteilungen Vol. 1/75, Verlag Rombach, Freiburg, pp. 99-123.

Salewski, Professor Dr Michael, 'Der historische Standort der deutschen Wiederbewaffnung', Standort Bestimmung, Reihe­Politische Bildung Heft No 10: Federal Republic of Germany, Ministry of Defence, 1975, pp. 21-37.

Statements by the National Executive Committee of the British Labour Party (London: Transport House, 1950 and 1952).

346 The European Difence Community: A History Stikker, Dirk, 'Die NATO-Politik Adenauers', Konrad Adenauer und

seine Zeit (Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt GmbH, I976), pp. 524-37.

WORKS OF REFERENCE AND DOCUMENTS

L' Annee Politique, Paris Council ofEurope, Consultative Assembly, Ordinary Session, I950:

Documents. Council of Europe, Consultative Assembly, Second Session, 7-28

August I 950: Reports. Council of Europe, Consultative Assembly, Second Session, 24

November I950: Documents. Council of Europe, Consultative Assembly, Third Session (Second

Part), 28 November I95I: Official Report. Documents on International Affairs 194!)---1950 (London: Royal Institute

of International Affairs (Oxford University Press) I953). Also subsequent volumes for I95I (published I954), I952 (published I955), I953 (published I956) and I954 (published I957).

Keesing's Contemporary Archives, Bristol: Volume VI I946-I948, Volume VII I948-I950, Volume VIII I950-I952, Volume IX I952-1954, Volume X I955-1956.

Keesing's Archiv der Gegenwart, I954· Militiirgeschichtliche Forschungsamt, documentation, Freiburg-im­

Breisgau. NATO Facts and Figures (Brussels: NATO Information Service,

I 976). NATO Final Communiques 194!)---1974 (Brussels: NATO Information

Service). NATO Basic Documents (Brussels: NATO. Information Service,

I 973) · NATO documentation (Paris and Brussels: NATO Information

Service). Relazioni Internazionali, Rome: 25 October I952.

GOVERNMENT PAPERS

Belgium

Textes et Documents (Bruxelles: Ministere des Affaires Etrangeres et du Commerce Exterieur, le 24 aout, I954).

Bibliography 347 Federal Republic rif Germany

Press and Information Service, Bulletin.

France

Traite instituant la Communauti Europeenne de Difense et Documents annexes- La Documentation Fran~aise (Paris: Ministere des Affaires Etrangeres (undated)).

Protocoles additionnels au Traite instituant la Communaute Europeenne de Difense. (Paris: Ministere des Affaires Etrangeres, Centre d'lnformation et de Presse, 24 March I953).

Assemblee nationale- Compte-rendu.

Luxembourg

Le Luxembourg et la Communaute Europeenne de Difense. Record of the meeting of LaChambre des Deputes of 7 April I954·

United Kingdom

Government White Papers: HMSO, London Cmd 70I5 Charter rifthe United .Nations and Statute of the International

Court of Justice. San Francisco, 26 June I945· Cmd 72 I 7 Treaty rif Alliance and Mutual Assistance between His

Majesty in respect of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and .Northern Ireland and the President rif the French Republic. Dunkirk, 4 March I 94 7.

Cmd 7599 Treaty rif Economic, Social and Cultural Collaboration and Collective Self-Difence between His Majesty in respect of the United Kingdom rif Great Britain and .Northern Ireland, His Royal Highness the Prince Regent rif Belgium, the President of the French Republic, Her Royal Highness the Grand Duchess of Luxembourg, and Her Majesty the Queen of the .Netherlands. Brussels, I 7 March I 948.

Cmd 7692 Events leading up to the Signature of the .North Atlantic Treaty. I I May I949·

Cmd 7789 .North Atlantic Treaty. 4 April I949· Cmd 7883 Collective Difence under the Brussels and .North Atlantic

Treaties. February I 950.

348 The European Defence Communiry: A History

Cmd 7970 Anglo-French Discussions regarding French proposals for the Western European Coal, Iron and Steel Industries. I 950.

Cmd 8492 German Defence Contribution and the European Defence Community. March I952.

Cmd 85I2 The European Defence Communiry. Relationship between the United Kingdom and the European Defence Communiry. April I952·

Cmd 8562 Memorandum regarding Western Support for the European Defence Communiry. 27 Mtry 1952. May I952.

Cmd 8563 Memorandum on Relations between the Three Powers and the Federal Republic of Germany. 26 May 1952. May I952·

Cmd 85 70 Correspondence relating to the Control qf Armaments Production under the European Defence Communiry Treary. 27 May 1952. May I952.

Cmd go22 Further Correspondence between Her Majesry's Government in the United Kingdom and the Soviet Government regarding the International Situation: Moscow, November 26/December 8 1953· I953·

Cmd 9080 Documents relating to the Meeting qf Foreign Ministers qf France, the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union and the United States qf America. February I954·

Cmd 9 I 26 Memorandum regarding United Kingdom Association with the European Defence Communiry. April I954·

Cmd 9I27 The European Defence Communiry Treary. April I954· Cmd 9289 Final Act of the Nine-Power Conference held in London,

September 28- October 3 1954· October I954· Cmd 9304 Documents agreed on by the Conference of Ministers held in

Paris, October 2o-23, 1954· November I954· Cmd 9306 Agreement between the Government of the Federal Republic of

Germany and the Government qf the French Republic on the Saar Statute. November I954·

Cmd 9327 Further Correspondence between Her Majesry's Government in the United Kingdom and the Soviet Government regarding Collective Securiry. December I954·

Cmd 9346 Agreement concerning the relations between the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the European Coal and Steel Community. December I954·

Cmd 9368 Documents relating to the Termination qf the Occupation Regime in the Federal Republic of Germany. january I955·

Cmd 94I8 Exchange of Letters between Sir Winston Churchill and Mr Molotov, the Soviet Prime Minister, in 1954, about the Prime

Bibliography 349 Minister's proposal for a two-power meeting between the United Kingdom and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. March 1955·

Cmd 9420 Exchange of Letters between the Prime Minister and the French President of the Council in January 1955· March 1955·

Cmd 94 76 Report on the Proceedings of the Sixth Ordinary Session of the Consultative Assembry of the Council of Europe, including the Joint Meeting with the Common Assembry of the European Coal and Steel Communiry. June 1955·

Cmd 9498 Protocols to the Treary Signed at Brussels on March 17, 194fl between the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Belgium, France, Luxembourg and the Netherlands. Modifying and Extending that Treary to include the Federal Republic of Germany and Itary. June 1955·

Cmd 9501 Protocol to the North Atlantic Treary of April4, 1949, on the Accession of the Federal Republic of Germany. July 1955·

Hansard House of Commons, 5th Series, Vol. 432, 473,478, 48o, 481,484,

494, 495, 504, 5 I 5, 5 I 8, 522, 524, 526. House of Lords, Vol. CLXVIII.

Miscellaneous International Survey (London: Central Office of Information, August

1954). Foreign Office News Department Press Releases.

United States of America

Department of State, Bulletin. Department of State Press Releases. Congressional Record. European Defense Communiry Treary, Office of the United States

Special Representative in Europe, 26 January 1953·

AUTHOR's INTER VIEW RECORDS

M. Alphand, Paris, 1 1 December 1975. Generalmajor Brandt, Bonn, 2 July 1976. David Bruce, London, 30 July 1976. Signor Ducci, London, 1 December 1976.

350 The European Defence Community: A History

Oberst Kurt Fett, Essen, 25 April I977· Oberst i.g. Fischer, Freiburg, 9 February I977· M. Pascal Fontaine, Paris, I5 November I976. Lord Gladwyn, London, 2 June I977· Arthur Hartman, Washington, 27 October I976. M. van Helmont, Neuilly, I5 November I976 and 3 May I977· M. Etienne Hirsch, Sevres, 8June I976 and 3 May I977· M. Hommel, Brussels, I2 October I976. Lord Inchyra (formerly Sir Frederick.Hoyer Millar), London, IO

June I977· M. de Kerckhove, Ottawa, I5 and I7 October I976. General Graf von Kielmansegg, Freiburg, 9 February I 977. Dr Joseph Luns, Brussels, I2 October I976. Oberst-Leutnant Maier-Dornberg, Freiburg, 8 February I977· General de Maiziere, Bonn, 2 July I976. M. Massigli, Paris, 4 May I977· Rt Hon Anthony Nutting, London, I8January I977· Generalmajor Oster, Dachau, IO February I977· M. Parodi, Paris, I I December I975· M. Rene Pleven, Paris, I5 November I976. M. Rabier, Brussels, 9 June I976. Sir Frank Roberts, London, I 7 December I 976. M. Robert Rothschild, London, 20 July I976. M. Sadrin, Paris, 2 May I977· Professor Dr Klaus von Schubert, Neubiberg, I I February I977· M. Maurice Schumann, Paris, I2 December I975· General Graf von Schwerin, Rottach-Egern, 25 August I976. M. de Staercke, Brussels, I6 October I975· Dirk Stikker, The Hague, I2 August I976 and I2 February I977· Signor Taviani, Rome, 28 January I 977. Professor Pierre Uri, Paris, 8 June I976.

plus other unrecorded conversations in Bonn, Brussels, The Hague, London, Paris, Rome and Washington.

AUTHOR's CORRESPONDENCE

The Earl of Avon (formerly Sir Anthony Eden)

Signor Ducci Arthur Hartman

Sir William Hayter M. van Helmont Am b. Martin F. Herz

Lieutenant-General Sir Brian Kimmins

General de Maiziere M. Massigli M. Mendes-France M. Jules Moch M. Emile Noel

UNPUBLISHED WORKS

Bibliography

Sir Patrick Reilly Sir Frank Roberts M. Sadrin

M. de Staercke Dirk Stikker Signor Taviani

351

M. de Kerckhove, Pierre Mendes-France et La Communauti Europienne de Difense, University of Ottawa, M.A. thesis, 1972.

PRESS SOURCES

Belgium Libre Belgique, La Nation Beige, De Nieuwe Gids, Le Peuple, De

Standaard, Agence Beige.

Federal Republic of Germany Frankfurter Allgemeine Z,eitung, Frankfurter Rundschau, Der Mittag, Die

Welt France Combat, Dauphine Libiri, L'Express, Franc-Tireur, Le Figaro,

L' Humaniti, Midi Libre, Le Monde, Paris Normandie, Parisien Libiri, La Voix du Nord, Agence France Presse

Netherlands ANP-Aneta News Bulletin

Italy Qy.otidiane

United Kingdom Daily Express, Daily Herald, Daily Telegraph, Economist, The Financial

Times, News Chronicle, Manchester Guardian, The Observer, Reuter, The Star, Statesman and Nation, Sunday Times, The Times, Associated Press

352 The European Difence Communiry: A History

Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Izvestia, Pravda, Soviet News

United States of America Baltimore Sun, Cleveland Press, Courier Journal, International News

Service, New York Herald Tribune, New York Times, TheW ashington Post

Index

Acheson, Dean, 21, 44, 55, 57, 121, 133, 147, 217; Four Power Deputies (1951), 120; New York meetings (1950), 78~, 81-4; Pleven Plan, 9o-2; Rome meeting (1951), 127-8; Schuman Plan, 58, 61

Adenauer, Dr, 4, 15, 44, 52, 55-8, 99, 121, 122, 125, 133. 147. 200, 206, 207, 216, 217, 220, 247, 269, 28o; Brussels Conference ( 1954), 281, 285, 291; Eden tour, 314-1s; Election ( 1953), 222; Exchange of Letters, ISs; France-German Union, s6; German military participation, 64-5, So, 87; Korea, 68; London Conference ( 1954), 324-5; NBC restraint, 326-7; Petersberg Con­ference, 100, 115-16; Pleven Plan, 91; police forces, 73; post-EDCdefeat 305-10; Saar, 136; Schwerin, 69; Spofford proposals, 96

Ad Hoc Assembly, 212-17, 303 Agence Beige, 132 Alexander, Field Marshal Viscount,

146, 244 all-European Security Treaty, 239-41,

252, 275, 278, 313, 33o-1 all-German government, and elections,

21g--2o, 235--6,314, 330; Eden Plan, 239-40

Alphand, Herve: European Army Con­ference, 109, 111, 115-16, 146; Interim Committee, 198, 243, 318; Schuman Plan, 64, 87; Spofford pro­posals, 92, 97, 106

American 1945 Loan Agreement, 20 Arnold, Herr, 55 Aron, Raymond, 5, 251, 279, 303 Associated Press, 21 o

Attlee, Clement, 18, 77, 134, 251, 256, 277; the Attlee conditions, 115, 145, 203

Aumeran, M., 224: General, 295--6 Auriol, M. Vincent, 234, 251, 277 Austrian Peace Treaty, 421 235, 241-2,

253· 313 Avon, Earl of, 4 (see Eden)

Baltimore Sun, 248, 254, 293 Beall, Hon. J. Glenn, 248 Bech, M.Joseph, 79,281,314 Benediktsson, Bjarni, 79 Berard, M., 107 Beria, Mr, 219 Berlin blockade, 36, 42 Beugel, Dr Ernst van der, 40, 41, 256 Beuve-Mery, M. Hubert, 64, 222 Bevin, Ernest, 44, 76, 95, 203; Atlantic

Treaty, 34-5, 40; Brussels Treaty, 31-2; Marshall Plan, 23-4; New York meetings (1950), 78--81, 83; Schuman Plan, 55, 57, 61

Beyen, M., 235, 281, 314 Bidault, M., 23, 58, 207, 216-17, 219,

220, 223-4, 229-30, 259, 342; Berlin Conference ( 1954), 236, 240, 243; Geneva Conference (1954), 262-3

Blank, Herr Theodor, 4, 205, 247; European Army Conference (Paris), 122-3, 137; Petersberg Conference, 107, 115-16

Blum, M. Leon, 13, 28 Bonnefous, Edouard, 71 Boothby, Robert, 277 Boris, Georges, 324 Bourges-Maunoury, M., 275--6 British Government Notes to Soviet

Union: Four Power meetings, (June

353

354 Index

1953), 219-20, (Sept. 1954), 313-4. (Nov. 1954) 331; Police forces (May 1950), 66, 73

British Supply Council, 53 Bruce, David, 121, 217, 267, 285, 290 Brussels Treaty, 31-4, 6o-1, 192, 254;

amendments to, 326; Chiefs of Staff Committee, 33, 46; Consultative Council, 16, 31, 32, 36, 72, 326; Eden tour, 314-17; enlargement of, 311-13; interrelationship with North Atlantic, 46, 66; invitation to Germany, Italy, 329; UK commit­ment to enlarged, 321; Western Union Defence Committee, 33, 46

Butler, Mr R. A., 222-3 Byrnes, James, 12, 22

Choisir, 276, 290, 292, 311 Chou En-lai, 262, 272-4 Chupin, M., 296 Churchill, Sir Winston, 15, 18, 53, 6o,

285, 316; Bermuda (1953), 232-3; bilateral summit (1954), 275; Chartwell (1954), 281, 291-2; Consultative Assembly, Strasbourg, (1950) European Army call, 75-7; Declaration of Union, 12, 53, 248; EDC., 218; European Army, 132; Fulton (1946), 26; The Hague (1946), 16; Mendes-France, 267, 336; Paris (1951), 133-4; Summit (Four Power) proposal (1953), 218, 228; Washington (1954), 271; Zurich (1946), 14

Clappier, M., 58, 87 Cleveland Press, 248 Combat, 294 Comecon, 26 Cominform, 26 Communist China, 220, 235, 237-8,

33 1

Conferences: Acheson, Bevin, Schu-man (1949), 44; Anglo-French (1953), 208; Bermuda (1953), 219, 224, 228-30, 232-s; Brussels (1954), 274, 278, 28<>-91, 293-4; Chartwell (1954), 281, 291-3; Deputies ofF our Powers (1951), 120, 145; European Army (1951-2), 108-16, 122-7,

143-4, 146; European Movements, 15-16, 32, 55; European Unity (1949), 17; Geneva (1954), 228, 238, 242,245,26o-3,268,270-5;London Nine Power (1954), 310, 319-28; London, Ten Power (1949), 17; Moscow (1947), 26, 44; North Atlantic Treaty, preparatory ( 1948), 36; Paris Nine Power ( 1954), 328-30; Petersberg (1951), 100, 105, 107-8, II0-11, 114-16; Peace (1945-51), 12; Potsdam, 34, 42-3, 237; Schuman Plan (1950), 63; Six Powers, Paris ( 1951 ) , 134; Soviet proposed Four Power, 330-1, and Five Power, 220, 237-8; Yalta, 12, 43· 237 Foreign Ministers, of:

Berlin, Four Power (1954), 21g-2o, 234-42, 245, 248, 275; Brussels, UK, US, France (1950), 100; London (1945), 12; London, UK, US, France plus Dr Adenauer (1952), 141; New York, UK, US, France (1950), 78; New York ( 1950) resumed, 84; Paris, Brussels Treaty Powers (1948), 32; Paris, Four Power (1949), 42; Paris, the Six (1952), 136; Rome, the Six (1953), 209; Strasbourg, the Six (1951), 132-3; Washington, UK, US, France (1951), 125

Conservative Party, and Government, 18, 6o, 129, 145

Contractural Agreements (Bonn), 117, 125, 127, 132, 137. 141, 147. 205, 207, 212, 232, 258, 269, 274· 275· 294-5; post-EDC failure, 303, 329, 334

Coty, M. Rene, 234 Council of Europe: 17, 42, 47, 66, 109,

212, 315 Council of Ministers, 1 7, 18, 2 13 Consultative Assembly, 17, 311; Eden Plan (1952), 212-14; European Army debate (1950), 74-7, Sg, 91; Maxwell Fyfe (1951), 128-g; Resolution, German participation ( 1950), 95; Resolutions 63 (EDC), 66 (London and Paris Agreements), 67

Index 355

(WEU, C&SC and Council of Europe) and 68 (Saar), (all 1954), 332

Courier Journal, 248 Creating the European Communiry, 59 Cunha, Paulo, So

Daily Express, The, 254 Daily Herald, The, 244 Daily Telegraph, The, 249, 251 Daladier, M., 201 Dalton, Hugh, 62 Daniell, Raymond, 134 Declaration of Union, 12, 53, 248 Delargy, Mr, 250 De }{ieuwe Gids, 294 Der Mittag, 280 de Staercke, M. Andre, 3-4, 77, 267,

3'4 De Standaard, 294 Die Welt, 259, 26g Ducci, Signor, 288-9, 311-12, 323 Dulles, John Foster, 2og-1o, 217, 220,

228, 274; agonising reappraisal, 23o--4; Berlin Conference (1954), 237-8, 240,243,245;Bermuda(1953),229-30; Brussels Conference (1954), 285, 29$ defeat of EDC, 304; Eden tour, 315-18; London Conference (1954), 31~20, 330

Dunkirk Treaty, 28-30, 31, 32, 153, 192, 254

Duverger, M. Maurice, 222-3

Economist, The, 200, 249, 272, 308 Eden, Anthony, 6o, 128, 144, 146-7,

203, 218, 220, 232, 253. 256, 297. 3os; Bermuda (1973), 229-30; Berlin Conference (1954), 235-6, 239, 242-3 (Eden Plan for reunification, 239-40); Chartwell, 291-2; Eden Plan (1952), 212-14; enlargement of Brussels Treaty, 31o--3; Geneva Conference (1954), 26o--2, 27o--3; House ofCommons (1952), 138-41; London Conference (1954), 319-25 (UK commitment, 321); Second French Assembly debate, interven­tion, 335; see also Avon, Earl of

Eisenhower, General Dwight, gg, 107, 114, 117-18, 121, 123, 128, 139. 140, ESU speech, I18-1g; as President, 2og, 219, 233. 256, 285

Erhard, Herr, 114 European Army Conference, Paris, go,

g8, 100, 105, 108-16, 122-8, 136, 142-4, 146, 156, 341; Armaments Committee, 113-14; Comiti de Direction, 111, 146; Comite Juridique, 143, 146; Comiti Militaire, 112, 114, 122, 127, 129; Financial Committee, 112-I$ French memorandum, 1og

European Coal and Steel Community, 5'· 53. 61, 75. 84, 86, go, 113, 140, 212-13, 231, 315, 332; EDC, 156, 159; see also Schuman Plan

European Co-operation Adminis­tration, 25

European Defence Community Treaty, 127, 139, 142, 146--8, 15o-88; alter­natives to, 203-5, 25 7-8, 26g, 271, 285, 305, 311; Additional Protocols, 39, 207-9, 245, 26o, 276, 281; Ad Hoc Assembly, 214-17; Article g8, 153, 156, 212-17, 283, 303; Article 107, 164-6, 185, 1g8, 326; Assembly, 156; Board of Commissioners, 155; com­parative analysis, 191-8; Council, 157; Court, 159; defeat, 297; Economic provisions, 15$ Financial provisions, 161; French Assembly debate, 295-7; French ( 1953) pre­conditions for ratification, 222; Fundamental Principles, 15$ General provisions, 166; Geneva Conference link, 26o--1; Interim Committee, 146, 184 (see also sep­arate entry); Interpretative Proto­cols, 2og, 217, 276; Military provi­sions, 16o; Mendes-France's 1954 proposed amending Protocol, 276, 279, 281--90; Ratifications, Belgium, 246, Germany, 247, Luxembourg, 246, Netherlands, 235; Signature, 147, 1g8 Associated Declarations, Treaties, Agreements and Exchanges of Let­ters:

Index

Agreement envisaged in Article 107, 185; by Foreign Ministers on duration, 185; Exchange of Letters between FRG and co-signatory States concerning Article 107, 185; Exchange of Letters between FRG and France, US and UK on atomic energy and civilian air­craft, 187; Protocol to North Atlantic Treaty on guarantees to EDC members, 186; Tripartite Declaration, US, France and UK, 186; Treaty between UK and EDC Member States, 186

Associated Protocols to: Financial, 1 75; Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, 1 79; Guarantees by Member States of EDC to Parties to North Atlantic Treaty, 18o; Interim Committee, 1 84; Jurisdictional, 1 73; Military, 168; Military Penal Code, I 7 4; Relations between EDC and NATO, 179; Renumeration of Military and Civilian Personnel and Pension Rights, 1 78; Signature, 184; Status of European Defence Forces and the Commercial and Fiscal Administration of the EDC, 1 So

European Economic Unity, early de­velopment, of 2o-6

European Integration as a concern of American Foreign Policy, 40

European Movements: Conferences, 15, 55; European Federal Movement, 1 3; The Hague Conference (1948), 15, 32; International Committee of Movements for European Unity, 15

European Payments Union, J7, 25, 231 European Political Community, 1,

214-17, 231, 249. 259.284, 341 European Public Institution, 55 European Recovery Programme, 22,

38, 44. 51, 67 European Security, early development

of, 2~47 European Uniry, 62

European Unity, early development of, 12-20

Europe Will Not Wait, 59

Faure, M. Edgar, 4, 201, 277 . Federal Republic of Germany: admis­

sion to NATO, 94, 327, 330, 334-6; Basic Law, 44, 95, 206; Bundesrat, 205, 220, 247; Bundestag, 95, 108, !37, 143• 205-7• 212, 220, 247; c?ns~Jtut­ing the, 41-4, 47; Constltutlor_tal Court, 205, 2 1 1, 220, 24 7; pohce forces, 73-4; ratification of EDC, 247; war criminals, 42, 137, 141; war reparations, 42-4

Fett, Oberst, 267 Fig!, Dr, 242 France Difeats the EDC, 279 Fram;:ois-Poncet, M., 78 Franc- Tireur, 232 Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, 208, 280 Frankfurter Rundschau, I 39 Franks, Sir Oliver, 24 French National Assembly debates: on

EDC (Feb. 1952), 137, (Nov. 1953), 224, (date of) 279; First Assembly debate and vote (Aug. 1954), 295-7; German rearmament, 70; Laniel Government policy Qan. 1954), 234; Pleven Plan (Oct. 1950), 88; Second Assembly debate and vote (Dec. I 954) • 333--{i

French Socialists, 13-14, 138, 223, 245, 248, 259, 263, 297, 335; Party Congresses (October 1952), 201, (May 1954), 258--g

Functionalism and Federalism, 18, 47, 55

Gaitskell, Hugh, 1 26 Ganeval, General, 4, 116 Gasperi, Signor de, 4, 15, 52, 133-4,

202-3, 22Q-I' 285; Article 38, I 56, 2 I 2-1 7

Gaulle, General de, 30, 54, 57, 200, 2 1 1, 223, 248, 267

Gladwyn, Lord, 268, 277,317-18,322 Gottwald, Mr, 23

Index 357 Gromyko, Mr, 120 Grotewohl, Herr, 99 Gruenther, General, 118

Halle, LouisJ., 51, 191, 330 Hallstein, Dr, 116, 139 Harriman, Averill, 126 Harriman Committee, 24 Hartman, Arthur, 28g Hays, General, 107 Helmont,Jacques van, 64, 87, 198,216,

28g, 292 Herriot, Edouard, 17,201-2, 234,250,

276, 2g6, 334 Heuss, President, 211 Hirsch, M. Etienne, 57, 63, 87, 113-14,

126 Hoffman, Paul, 25, 52 Hommel, M., 28g Hopkins, Harry, 53 Hubert, M. Lucien, 143

Inchyra, Lord, 53, 82, 92; see also under Millar, Sir Frederick Hoyer

Indo-China, 84, 200, 201, 2o8, 238, 245, 247; Geneva Conference, 26o-3, 268, 271-5

Interim Committee, 146, 184, 188; post-EDC Treaty, 198-g, 204-5, 208-g, 217, 259, 318

International News Service, 56, g6 /zvestiya, 1 1 o

Jaujard, Vice-Admiral Robert, 33 Jebb, Gladwyn (see Gladwyn, Lord) Johnson, Douglas, 260 Juin, General (Marshal), 119, 248, 277

Kalinin, President, 11 Kauffman, Henrik de, 79 Kielmansegg, General Graf von, 105,

110, 116, 323-4 Kimmins, Major General Brian, 127 Kingsbury Smith, 57, g6 Kirkpatrick, Sir I vone, 78 Koenig, General Pierre, 234, 275--6,

278 Korean War, 50, 221; the effect of, 67-

72 Labour Party, and Government, 13,

15, 18, 32, 6o-2, 133, 145--6, 203, 250-1, 277

La Nation Beige, 294 Lange, Halvard, 79-80 Laniel, M. Joseph (and his Govern­

ment), 22o-1, 224, 229, 234, 248, 254- 5, 263, 268--g

L'Annee Politique, 1951, 109 La querelle de Ia CED, 5, 279 Larminat, General, 112 La Voix du Nord, 336 Le Figaro, 205, 206, 223, 232, 259, 278,

336 Leites, Nathan, 333 Le Monde, 64, 146, 222, 232, 257, 278,

280, 283, 293, 336 Le Peuple, 132 Lernier, Daniel, 5, 279 Le Troquer, M., 296 L'Express, 278 L' Humaniti, 336 Lippmann, Walter, 248 Lovett, Mr, 35

Macmillan, Harold, 77,311,316 McCloy, John, 40, 6g, 78, 117 Maiziere, Oberst Leutnant de, 122-3 Malene, Christian de Ia, 333 Malenkov, Mr, 275 Manchester Guardian, The, 146, 233, 250,

251 Maroger, M., 277 Marshall, General George, 21, 35;

Harvard Sp,eech (1947) 22-4 Marshall Plan and Aid, 25, 26, 31, 34,

42, 44, 51

Martino, Professor, 323 Masaryk, Mr, 23 Massigli, M., 4, 61,267,311,321 Maxwell Fyfe, Sir David, 128--g Mayer, M. Rene, 201, 207,211,217,

220 Memoires (Monnet), 52, 59 Memoirs (Eden), 239, 26o-1, 311 Mendes-France, Pierre, 220, 232, 263,

266-8,275-7,308,31I,342;amend­ments to EDC Treaty, 276-8o; Brussels Conference ( 1954), 28 1 --g4; Eden tour, 314, 316-17; French

Index

Mendes-France, Pierre (contd) Assembly debate (Aug. 1954), 295-7; French Assembly debate (Dec. 1954), 333-6; Geneva Conference (1954), 271-5; London Conference (I954), 319, 322-5

Men of Responsibility, 43 Merchant, Livingston T., 270, 274 Meyer, M. Rene, 58, 88, 126 Michlich, M., 58 Millar, Sir Frederick Hoyer, 307, see

also Inchyra, Lord Moch, M.Jules, 4, 78,87-8, 91, 106,

I 22, 263, 333 Mollet, M. Guy, 14, 87-8, 201 Molotov, Mr, 11, 12, 23,230,275,287,

308; Berlin Conference ( 1954), 236-40, 243-4, 248-so; Geneva Con­ference (1954), 262, 271-4

Monnet, M.Jean, 4· 13, IS, 52-3, s6, 126, 213, 215-16, 266; Eisenhower, 118, 121; NATO Council New York (1950) and Pleven Plan, 78, 84, 86, 130; Schuman Plan, 57-61, 63, 126

Montgomery, Field Marshal Vis­count, 33, 66

Movement Republicain Populaire (MRP), 52, 202, 245, 248, 263, 297, 334-5

Mowat, R. C., 22, 52, 59 Miiller, General, 74 Mulley, Fred, 303 Mutual Defense Assistance Act, and

Programme, 45, 65, 72 Mutual Security Act 1954, 274

NATO solution for Germany, 93-4, 97, 100, III, 120, 123, 132, 204, 233, 249, 275, 291, 305, 309

Nenni, Signor Pietro, 246 .News Chronicle, The, 250 .New fork Herald Tribune, 142, 145, 202,

244, 254 .New fork Times, 40, 134, 244, 293, 304 Nicholls, Anthony, 41 Noel, M. Emile, 215 North Atlantic Treaty and NATO, 34-

41, 45-7, 51, 192, 254; accession of FRG, 330, 336; comparison with EDC, 191-8; Council deputies, 65,

85, 92-6; Defence Committee, 45-6, 65, 85,91-2, 99; London Conference ( 1954), 327; Military Committee, 45, 92, 1 07; preparatory Conference (1948), 36; Regional Planning groups, 45-6, 8o; Relationship with EDC, 127, 142, 185; Soviet Note (1949), 37; Soviet application to join, 39, 252-3; Standing group, 45-6, 85, 99; Supreme Commander, 85, 94, 99, 10], 123, 135, 154, !60-I, 194, 196, 199, 208; Temporary Council Com­mittee, 125-6, 141-2 Council Meetings:

1949, Washington, 45, 55; 1950 (Sept.), New York, 78-86, 337; 1950 (Dec.), Brussels, 99, 109; 1951 (Sept.), Ottawa, 123-6; 1951 (Nov.), Rome, 127-g; 1952 (Feb.), Lisbon, 131, 141-2; 1952 (Dec.), Paris, 206-7; I953 (Apr.), Paris, 2 q; I953 (Dec.), Paris, 259; 1954 (Oct.), Paris, 329; I955, (May) Paris, 336

.Nouvelles Equipes lnternationales, 52 Nutting, Anthony, I 7, I9-20, 59-60,

69, 77 , 129, 210, 2I2, 2I8, 229, 243, 256-7, 2]4, 311, 317-8

Occupation Zones: creation of, 42; economic unity of, 43; end ofOEEC membership of, 51; problem of police forces, 73-4; termination of, 329; see also Contractural Agreements

Organisation for European Economic Co-operation (OEEC), I], 24-25, 51, 6!, 231, 3'5

Palewski, M., 335 Parisien Libire, 1 46 Parodi, M., 83, 285 Pearson, Lester, 79, 322 Petersberg Conference, 100, 105, I07-

8, II0-11, 114-16, 120 Philip, M.·Andre, 13, 54-6 Piccioni, Signor, 281, 285, 315 Pinay, M., 202, 207 Pineau, M., 296

Index 359 Pleven Plan, 86---g2, 100, 106, 109, 133;

link to Schuman Plan, 87, go--3 Pleven, M. Rene, 13, 58, 87-8, 120,

122, 138, 146,201,205, 287-8; see also Pleven Plan

Plowden, Sir Edwin, 126 Potsdam Agreements, 34, 42-3, 71, 99,

203, 237 Pravda, 205

Quotidiane, 68

Rabier, M. jacques, 5, 63 Ramadier, M. Paul, 16 Rassemblement du Peuple Fran{ais (RPF),

200, 207 Rearmement Allemand et Difense Occiden-

tale, 234 Reston, James, 40 Reuter, 109 Reuter, M., 57, 87 Reynaud, M. Paul, 12-3,74, 129,201,

213, 218, 220, 297 Ridgeway, General, 218 Robb, Air Marshal Sir James, 33 Roberts, Sir Frank, 267, 274, 288, 292,

324; Eden tour, 312, 314-15, 317 Rodiger, Dr, 116 Rollman, Tony, 57 Roosevelt, President, 12 Rothschild, M., 312, 314, 321 Ruhr, the, 42-4, 54, 56

Saar, the, 42, 44, 54, 56, 136-7, 141, 201, 207, 247. 248, 330, 332

Sadrin, M., 112, 267 Saint-Laurent, Louis, 35 Salisbury, Lord, 220 Scelba, Signor, 247, 270 Schmid, Dr Carlo, 74-5 Schumacher, Dr, g6 Schumann, M. Maurice, 76, 208, 288 Schuman Plan, 51-64, 76, 78, 86, 88,

92, 109, 1 15, 140; Conference of the Six ( 1950), 63; Dutch reservations, 62-3; link with the Pleven Plan, 86, go--1; Security dimension, 59; UK attitude to, 59-62, 332; see also

European Coal and Steel Com­munity

Schuman, M. Robert, 4, 15, 44, 75, 88, 109, 124, 125, 127, 137, 143, 147, 200, 205, 207, 214, 263, 334; New York (1950), 78-g, 83-5; Strasbourg ( 1951), 132-3; see also Schuman Plan

Schwerin, Graf von, 3, 68---g Sforza, Count Carlo, 79, 81 Shattered Peace, 27 Shinwell, Emmanuel, 70, 77, 94 Sozieldemokratischen Partie Deutschlands

(SPD), 2o6, 211, 220 Soustelle, M. Jacques, 201, 207 South East Asia Treaty Organisation

(SEATO), 271, 273 Soutou, M., 4 Soviet Union, 45, 81, 95, 110, 119-20,

139. 205, 219, 221, 229, 280, 293. 310, 333, 336; all-European Security Treaty, 239-41,252,313, 330; Berlin Conference (1954), 234-44, 248---g; Warsaw Pact signature (1955), 337 Notes:

1949 (Mar.), to prospective North Atlantic Treaty Signatories, 37; 1950 (May), rejecting UK one on police forces, gg; 1952 (Aug.), on NATO/EDC, 203; 1953 (Nov.), on EDC, 225; 1954 (Mar.), in­cludes bid to join NATO, 252-3; 1954, proposing Four Power Conference, (July) 275, 313, (Aug.), 220, (Oct.), 330, (Nov.) 331

Spaak, M. Paul-Henri, 4, 15, 18, 20, 129, 132, 213, 274-5, 314, 324; Brussels Conference (1954), 281, 286---gl

Speidel, General, 4 Spinelli, Signor Altiero, 13 Spofford, Charles, 78, 92, 105 Spofford Proposals, 92---g, I 05-6, I I I,

120; approved by NATO, 99 Staf, Mr, 132 Stalin, 11, 217-18, 228 Star, The, 247 Statesman and Nation, The, 246 Stebbins, Richard, 228

Index

Steel, Sir. Christopher, 312 Stikker, Dirk, 2, 22, 25, 43, 52,213, 217,

267, 311, 319; Dutch EDC debate (1952), 136-7; Dutch Status at European Army Conference, 110, 126; NATO Council Meeting (1950), 78-81, 83; proposal for NATO High Commissioner, 93, g8

Sunday Tiws, The, 218, 276-7 Supranationality and the Threat of

Failure, 130-4

Tass, 8o Tassigny, General jean de Lattre de, 33 Taviani, Signor, 28o-1, 286-7, 289 The Cold War as History, 51 The Semblance if Peace, 311, 316 Tiws, The, g8, 145, 245, 253, 255, 277,

309. 336 Tomlinson, Bill, 289 Treaties: all-European Security, 23g-

41,252, 278, 313, 330; Anglo-Soviet (1942), 29, gg, 336; Brussels (1948), 31-4, 47, 153, 192; Dunkirk (1949), 28-30, 47, 153, 192; enlarged Brussels (1964), 311-13, 326, 329; Franco-Soviet (1944), 29-30, gg, 336; North Atlantic ( 1949), 34-41, 47· 192-7

Trieste, 246--7, 270 Truman, Harry S., 24, 34, 36, 45, 58,

65, 72, 8o; EDC, 202; German par­ticipation, 83; Korea, 68; Truman

Doctrine, 21, 27; US change of policy Petersberg to Paris solution, 121

UK association with the EDC, go, 127-9, 132-3, 138, 14o-1, 143--6, 201, 207, 217-18, 223-4, 244; Agreement for Co-operation with EDC, 253; draft Treaty with EDC, 144-5, 167, 186

United Nations Charter, 11, 26, 28, 29, 34. 35· 37. 240-1' 253. 327

United States of Europe, 14, 18 Uri, Pierre, 57, 63, 87

Vandenberg, Senator, 21, 24, 41; Resolution 239, 35-6

Volkshamwr, 203 Volkspoli::.ei, 73-4, 99 Vredeling, Mr, 1

Ward, Mr, 107 Washington Post, 91, 124, 233-4, 248 Weinstein, Adelbert, 208, 247 Western European Union, 50, 328-g,

333-5 Wheeler-Bennett, Sir John, 41 Wyatt, Mr, 222

Yalta Agreements, 12, 43, 237 Yergin, Daniel, 27

Zeeland, Paul van, 15, 79, 130, 132, 223, 250