Bibliography Prisons in Colonial India · Banerjee, Sumanta (2009): The wicked City. Crime and...

Bibliography Prisons in Colonial India1

This bibliography covers colonial prisons in India, foremost in the North-Western Provinces/United

Provinces. References for other Provinces and related topics are not researched systematically. This

bibliography does not claim to be exhaustive. I am grateful for additions, corrections, suggestions. Please

send those to: [email protected]

GENERAL

SOURCES:Adam, Hargrave Lee (1909): The Indian criminal. archive.org.

Carpenter, Mary (1868): Six months in India. I: Longmans, Green, and co. (I).

Carpenter, Mary (1868): Six months in India. II: Longmans, Green, and co. (II).

Carpenter, Mary (1877): East India (Prison Discipline). Report to Marquis of Salisbury by Miss Carpenter

on Prison Discipline, and Female education in India. Online: GIPE.

Clark, Stewart (1868): History of the Central Prisons of the North-Western Provinces. Compilation of

report and replies: a) Report No. 127, 1860 by Stewart Clark Inspector- General of Рrisons, North-

Western Provinces, tо George Couper, Esq. C.B. Secretaгy to Government, N. - W Provinces dated

Nynee Tal, the 3rd September 1860 b) Reply No. 2175А. оf 1861, from Sir George Couper, Baronet,

Secretary to Government, N.- W. Provinces, to S. Clark Esquire, Inspector- General of Prisons, North-

Western Provinces. Dated Nynee Tal, the 20th August, 1861. c) Letter from Sir George Couper, Baronet,

Secretary to Government, N. W. Provinces, tо W. Grey, Esquire, Secretary to Government of India,

Home Department., dated Nynee Tal, 25th July 1861 d) (COPY.) No. 2048. Extract frоm the Proceedings

of the Right Honorable the Governor-General of India in Council, in the Home Department, (Judicial),

under date the 21st April, 1862. e) No. 1265А. of 1862, General Department, N.-W. Provinces, dated

Nynee Tal, the 9th of Jay, 1862. Received, 1th May 1862. British Library (IOR/L/PJ/6/726, File

185; V/27/170/8).

1 I am grateful for the generous report of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG).

mailto:[email protected]

MICHAELA DIMMERS17.12.19

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF PRISONS IN COLONIAL INDIA

2

GENERAL: SOURCES, CONT.Cross (1889): Memorandum on some of the results of Indian Administration during the past thirty years

of British Rule in India. London.

Lundgren, Egron (1872): En mlares anteckningar; utdrag ur dagböcker och bref: Indien. Stockholm: P.A.

Norstedt.

Mullaly, Frederick S. (1892): Notes on Criminal Classes of the Madras Presidency. Delhi University

Library, Online.

Nehru, Jawaharlal (circa 1933): A window in prison & prison-land. Allahabad.

Nehru, J.L (1988): An Autobiography. 6. Aufl. Delhi: Jawaharlal Nehru Memorial Fund.

Nehru, Jawaharlal: Selected Works of Jawaharlal Nehru. Unter Mitarbeit von general ed.: S. Gopal. New

Delhi: Indraprastha Press. Volumes pertaining to his incarceration. Online:

https://nehruportal.nic.in/writings?page=1

Pullan, A.G.P (1945): Indian Prison Reform. Review. In: Journal of Comparative Legislation and

International Law, Third Series 27 (3/4).

Punjab (India). Jail Dept. (1978): Socio-economic background of prisoners in Punjab jails: [Chandigarh :

Inspector-General of Prisons.

Spry, Henry H. (1837): Modern India; with illustrations of the resources and capabilities of Hindustan.

Vol. I.. London: Whittaker.

Spry, Henry H. (1837): Modern India; with illustrations of the resources and capabilities of Hindustan.

Vol. II.. London: Whittaker.

Starte, O.H.B. (1933): Reformation of Offender in India. A Handbook for the use of Workers amongst

Delinquents in India: Bombay: Government Central Press).

Tarapore, Lt Col P.K (1936): Prison Reform in India: Humphrey Milford.

Temple, Richard (1881): India in 1880. Gokhale, Pune.

Thornhill, Mark (1899): Haunts and hobbies of an Indian official. London: John Murray.

Times of India (July 3rd, 1889): By Paths of Crime in India: I.--Some Jail Birds. In: Times of India, July

3rd, 1889 (4).



3

GENERAL: SOURCES, CONT.Times of India (April 25th, 1930): Riot in Alipore Central Jail. Warders Stoned. Prisoners Refuse to Obey

Orders. In: Times of India, April 25th, 1930, p. 14.

Yang, Anand A. (1985): Crime and Criminality in British India: Tuscon: University of Arizona Press

(42).

Yang, Anand A. (1987): Disciplining Natives: Prisons and Prisoners in Early Nineteenth Century India.

In: South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies 10 (2), pp. 28–45. DOI: 10.1080/00856408708723100.

Yang, Anand A. (1994): The Voice of colonial Discipline and Punishment: Knowledge, Power and the

Penological Discourse in early Nineteenth Century India. In: Indo-British Review 21 (2), pp. 62–71.

Yang, Anand A. (2003): Indian Convict Workers in Southeast Asia in the late 18th and early 19th

centuries. In: Journal of World History 14 (2), pp. 179–208.

SECONDARY LITERATURE:Alexander, Jocelyn; Anderson, Clare (2008): Politics, Penalty and (Post-) Colonialism - An introduction.

In: Cultural and Social History 5 (4), pp. 391–394.

Alexander, Jocelyn; Anderson, Clare (2008): Politics, Penalty and (Post-) Colonialism - An introduction.


Anderson, Clare (2000): Convicts in the Indian Ocean. Transportation from South Asia to Mauritius,

1815-53. London, Basingstoke: Macmillan Publishers Limited; Macmillan Distribution Limited

[Distributor].

Anderson, Clare (2001): Fashioning Identities: Convict Dress in Colonial South and Southeast Asia. In:

History Workshop Journal 52, pp. 152–174.



Anderson, Clare (2004): Legible bodies. Race, criminality and colonialism in South Asia. Oxford: Berg.

Anderson, Clare (2007): Sepoys, Servants and Settlers: Convict Transportation in the Indian Ocean,

1787-1945. In: Frank Dikötter and Ian Brown (Ed.): Cultures of Confinement. A History of the Prison in

Africa, Asia and Latin America. London: Hurst and Company, pp. 186–220.



4

GENERAL: SECONDARY LITERATURE, CONT.Anderson, Clare (2007): The Indian Uprising of 1857-8. Prisons, Prisoners and Rebellion. London:

Anthem Press (Anthem South Asian Studies).

Anderson, Clare (2008 (published online: 2015)): The Politics of Punishment in Colonial Mauritius,

1766–1887. In: Cultural and Social History 5 (4), pp. 411–422. DOI: 10.2752/147800408X341622.

Anderson, Clare (2009): Convicts and Coolies: Rethinking Indentured Labour in the Nineteenth Century.

In: FSLA 30 (1), pp. 93–109. DOI: 10.1080/01440390802673856.

Anderson, Clare (2012): Subaltern lives. Biographies of colonialism in the Indian Ocean world, 1790-

1920. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (Critical Perspectives on Empire).

Anderson, Clare (2016): ‘The Ferringees are flying—the ship is ours! ’. In: Indian Economic & Social

History Review 42 (2), pp. 143–186. DOI: 10.1177/001946460504200201.

Anderson, Clare (2018): The Andaman Islands Penal Colony. Race, Class, Criminality, and the British

Empire. In: International Review of Social History 63 (S26), pp. 25–43. DOI:

10.1017/S0020859018000202.

Anderson, Clare (2018): The British Indian Empire, 1789-1939. In: Clare Anderson (Ed.): A global

history of convicts and penal colonies. London: Bloomsbury Academic, pp. 211–243.

Anderson, Clare (2019): Convicts, Commodities, and Connections in British Asia and the Indian Ocean,

1789–1866. In: International Review of Social History 64 (S27), pp. 205–227. DOI:

10.1017/S0020859019000129.

Anderson, Clare (Ed.) (2018): A global history of convicts and penal colonies. London: Bloomsbury

Academic.

Anderson, Clare; Arnold, David (2007): Envisioning the Colonial Prison. In: Frank Dikötter and Ian

Brown (eds.): Cultures of Confinement. A History of the Prison in Africa, Asia and Latin America.

London: Hurst and Company, pp. 304–331.

Arnold, David (2004): Introduction: Life Histories in India. In: David Arnold and Stuart Blackburn (eds.):

Telling lives in India. Biography, Autobiography, and Life History: Indiana University Press, p 1-28.

Arnold, David (2004): The Self and the Cell: Indian Prison Narratives as Life Histories. In: David Arnold

and Stuart Blackburn (eds.): Telling lives in India. Biography, Autobiography, and Life History: Indiana

University Press, pp. 29–53.



5

GENERAL: SECONDARY LITERATURE, CONT.Arnold, David (2005): India: the prisoners’ revolt. In: IIAS Newsletter 39, p. 6.

Arnold, David (2007): India: The Contested Prison. In: Frank Dikötter and Ian Brown (eds): Cultures of

Confinement. A History of the Prison in Africa, Asia and Latin America. London: Hurst and Company,

pp. 147–184.

Arnold, David (2008): The Colonial Prison: Power, Knowledge and Penology in Nineteenth-Century

India. In: David Arnold and David Hardiman (eds): Subaltern Studies VIII. Essays in Honour of Ranajit

Guha, VIII. 6. Aufl. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, pp. 148–187.

Arnold, David (2009): Salutation and Subversion: Gestural Politics in Nineteenth-Century India. In: Past

and Present Supplement 4, pp. 191–211.

Banerjee, Sumanta (2006): Crime and urbanization. Calcutta in the nineteenth century. New Delhi: Tulika

Books.

Banerjee, Sumanta (2009): The wicked City. Crime and Punishment in Colonial Calcutta. Minnesota:

Orient Black Swan.

Bashford, Alison; Strange, Carolyn (2003): Isolation and exclusion in the modern world. An introductory

essay. In: Carolyn Strange and Alison Bashford (eds): Isolation. Places and Practices of exclusion.

London: Routledge, pp. 1–19.

Brown, Mark (2003): Ethnology and Colonial Administration in Nineteenth-Century British India: The

Question of Native Crime and Criminality. In: The British Society for the History of Science Vol. 36, No.

2 (Jun., 2003), pp. 201-219.

Fisch, Jörg (1983): Cheap lives and dear limbs: The British transformation of the Bengal criminal law

1769 - 1817. 79. Aufl. Wiesbaden: Steiner (Beiträge zur Südasienforschung).

Fischer-Tiné, Harald (2009): Low and licentious Europeans. Race, class and "white subalternity" in

colonial India. New Delhi: Orient Blackswan (New perspectives in South Asian history, 30).

Guha, Ranajit (2010): Knowing India by Its Prisons. In: Partha Chatterjee (ed.): The Small Voice of

History: Collected Essays. Collected Essays (Ranajit Guha). Ranikhet: Permanent Black, pp. 598–608.

Hasan, Mushirul (2016): Roads to freedom. Prisoners in colonial India. First edition. New Delhi: Oxford

University Press.



6

GENERAL: SECONDARY LITERATURE, CONT.Jocelyn, Alexander; Anderson, Clare (2008): Politics, Penalty and (Post-) Colonialism. An Introduction.


Kumar, Mukul (2004): Relationship of Caste and Crime in Colonial India: A Discourse Analysis. In:

Economic and Political Weekly 39 (10), pp. 1078–1087.

Maguire, Mike (1991): The Indian Prison. In: Dick Whitfield (Ed.): The State of the Prisons - 200 years

on. London [and others]: Routledge, pp. 30–55.

Malik, Jamal (2006): Letters, prison sketches and autobiographical literature: The case of Fadl-e Haqq

Khairabadi in the Andaman Penal Colony. In: Indian Economic Social History Review 43, pp. 77–100.

Mills, James H.; Sen, Satadru (eds) (2004): Confronting the body. The politics of physicality in colonial

and post-colonial India. Conference "Representing the Body in Colonial and Post-Colonial South Asia".

London: Anthem Press (Anthem South Asian Studies).

Morris, Norval; Rothman, David J. (eds) (1995): The Oxford History of the Prison. The Practice of

Punishment in Western Society: OUP.

Mukhopadhyay, A. (2010): Madhurima Sen, Prisons in Colonial Bengal, 1838-1919 (Kolkata: Thema),

2007, pp.186 (3).

Mukhopadhyay, Anindita (1999): Jail darpan: The image of the jail in Bengali middle-class literature. In:

Studies in History 15, pp. 109–144.

Rai, Rajesh (2004): Sepoys, Convicts and the ‘Bazaar’ Contingent. The Emergence and Exclusion of

‘Hindustani’ Pioneers at the Singapore Frontier. In: J. Southeast Asian stud. 35 (1), pp. 1–19. DOI:

10.1017/S0022463404000013.

Rao, Anupama; Dube, Saurabh (2013): Crime through time. 1. publ. New Delhi: Oxford Univ. Press.

Sen, Madhurima (2007): Prisons in Colonial Bengal, 1838-1919. Calcutta: Thema.

Sen, Satadru (2012): Disciplined natives. Race, freedom and confinement in colonial India. Delhi: Primus

Books.

Singha, Radhika (1998): A Despotism of Law: Crime and Justice in Early Colonial India: Delhi: Oxford

University Press.



7

GENERAL: SECONDARY LITERATURE, CONT.Singha, Radhika (2000): Settle, Mobilize, Verify: Identification Practices in Colonial India. In: Studies in

History 16 (2, n.s.), pp. 151–198.

Strange, Carolyn; Bashford, Alison (eds) (2003): Isolation. Places and Practices of exclusion. London:

Routledge.

Subramanian, Arvind (2007): The evolution of institutions in India and its relationship with economic

growth. In: Oxford Review of Economic Policy 23 (2), pp. 196–220.

Varavararao (2010): Captive imagination. Letters from prison. New Delhi: Penguin Books India; Viking.

Wallace, Paul (1979): NARAYAN (Shah, ed.), "Prison Diary" (Book Review) ov.) p.209. In: The Journal

of Asian Studies 39 (1), pp. 209–211.

Warren, James (2018): The Rangoon Jail Riot of 1930 and the Prison Administration of British Burma.

In: South East Asia Research 10 (1), pp. 5–29. DOI: 10.5367/000000002101296991.

YEARLY PRISON ADMINISTRATION REPORT NORTH-WESTERN PROVINCES/UNITED

PROVINCES

These reports cover a vast range of subjects, for example:

Architecture, criminal tribes, death penalty, death sentence, diet, European prisoners, everyday life,

female prisoners, food, health, individual cases, judicial system, juvenile prisoners, labour, political

prisoners, release, staff, statistics, World Wars I and II etc.

SOURCES:Clark, Stewart (1861): Prison Returns of the North Western Provinces, for 1860. British Library,

IOR/V/24/2029. Annual Report, with tabular statements, for 1860 on the Condition & Management of the

Jails in the North Western Provinces.

Clark, Stewart (1862): Annual Report, with tabular statements, for the year ending on 31st December,

1861 on the Condition & Management of the Jails in the North Western Provinces. British Library,

IOR/V/24/2030.



8

YEARLY PRISON ADMINISTRATION REPORT NWP/UP: SOURCES, CONT.Clark, Stewart (1865): Annual Report, with tabular statements, for the year ending on 31st December,


IOR/V/24/2030.

Clark, S. (1866): Annual Report, with tabular statements, for the year ending on 31st December, 1865 on

the Condition & Management of the Jails in the North Western Provinces.



IOR/V/24/2031.



IOR/V/24/2031.



IOR/V/24/2031.



IOR/V/24/2032.


1870, on the Condition & Management of the Jails in the North Western Provinces. British Library,

IOR/V/24/2033.

Clarke, S. [Clark, Stewart] (1861): Prison Returns of the North Western Provinces, for 1860 [1859].

British Library, IOR/V/24/2029. Annual Report, with tabular statements, for 1860 [1859] on the

Condition & Management of the Jails in the North Western Provinces. [Note: This report is dated 1860 on

the cover, but the contents pertains to the year 1859].

Clarke, Stanley (1887): Annual Report with tabular statements, for the year ending on 31st December,

1886 on the Condition & Management of the Jails in the North Western Provinces and Oudh. British

Library, IOR/V/24/2036.



9

YEARLY PRISON ADMINISTRATION REPORT NWP/UP: SOURCES, CONT.Clarke, Stanley (1888): Annual Report with tabular statements, for the year ending on 31st December,



Clarke, Stanley (1889): Annual Report with tabular statements, for the year ending on 31st December,

1888, on the Condition & Management of the Jails in the North Western Provinces and Oudh. British


Clements, Lieutenant-Colonel J.E. (1924): Annual Report on the Condition and Management of the Jails

in the United Provinces with Tabular Statements for the year ended 31st December 1923. British Library,

IOR/V/24/2040.



IOR/V/24/2040.



IOR/V/24/2040.



IOR/V/24/2040.



IOR/V/24/2040.



IOR/V/24/2041.



IOR/V/24/2041.



10

YEARLY PRISON ADMINISTRATION REPORT NWP/UP: SOURCES, CONT.Government of India (01.01.1846): Report of the Inspector of Prisons, North Western Provinces. British

Library, General Reference Collection D-6056.b.5.; Asia, Pacific & Africa IOL.1947.a.411(f).

Government of India: Report of the Inspector General of Prisons, North Western Provinces, for the year

1852(-1854). (Prison Returns of the North Western Provinces, for the year 1856, 1860.-Annual Report,

with Tabular Statements, for the year 1861-1864, 1866, 1870-1876, on the Condition and Management of

the Jails in the North Western Provinces.). Online:

http://books.google.de/books/about/Report_of_the_Inspector_General_of_Priso.html?id=7YAaNQEACA

AJ&redir_esc=y.

Government of India (01.01.1854): Prisons, Prisoners and Convicts, Explanation of discrepancies pointed

out in annual report. British Library, IOR/Z/E/4/25/P777 Related Resources: See entry at IOR/E/4/826, p.

922.

Government of India (16.09.1868): Letter from Government of NWP to Government of India enclosing

two errata in jail reports. British Library, IOR/L/PJ/5/427.

Hall, Lieut.-Col. Geoffry C. (1897): Annual Report on the Condition & Management of the Jails in the

N.-W. Provinces and Oudh, with tabular statements. For the year ended 31st December 1896. British






North-Western Provinces and Oudh. With tabular statements. For the year ended 31st December 1900.

British Library, IOR/V/24/2038.

Henderson, Lt.-Colonel S.H. (1908): Annual Report on the Condition & Management of the Jails in the

United Provinces, with tabular statements. For the year ended 31st December 1907. British Library,

IOR/V/24/2038.

Henderson, Lt.-Colonel S.H. (1909): Annual Report on the Condition & Management of the Jails in the


IOR/V/24/2038.



11

YEARLY PRISON ADMINISTRATION REPORT NWP/UP: SOURCES, CONT.Henderson, Lt.-Colonel S.H. (1912): Annual Report on the Condition & Management of the Jails in the


IOR/V/24/2039.

Henderson, Lt.-Colonel S.H. (1916): Annual Report on the Condition and Management of the Jails in the


IOR/V/24/2039.



IOR/V/24/2039.



IOR/V/24/2039.



IOR/V/24/2039.

Hobart, R. T. (1883): Annual Report with tabular statements, for the year ending on 31st December, 1882

on the Condition & Management of the Jails in the North Western Provinces and Oudh. British Library,

IOR/V/24/2035.



IOR/V/24/2035.



IOR/V/24/2035.

Hobart, R. T. (1886): Annual Report with tabular statements, for the year ending on 31st December,





12

YEARLY PRISON ADMINISTRATION REPORT NWP/UP: SOURCES, CONT.Jafarey, Lieut.-Col. M.A. (1947): Report on the prison administration of the United Provinces. For the

year 1945. British Library, IOR/V/24/2042.

MacTaggart, Major Charles (1899): Annual Report on the Condition & Management of the Jails in the







United Provinces. For the year ended 31st December 1901. British Library, IOR/V/24/20238.



IOR/V/24/2038.



IOR/V/24/2038.



IOR/V/24/2038.



IOR/V/24/2038.

MacTaggart, Major Charles (1907): Annual Report on the Condition & Management in the United

Provinces, with tabular statements. For the year ended 31st December 1906. British Library,

IOR/V/24/2038.



IOR/V/24/2038.



13

YEARLY PRISON ADMINISTRATION REPORT NWP/UP: SOURCES, CONT.MacTaggart, Major Charles (1911): Annual Report on the Condition & Management of the Jails in the


IOR/V/24/2039.

MacTaggart, Major Charles (1913): Annual Report on the Condition and Management of the Jails in the

United Provinces with tabular statements. For the year ended 31st December 1912. British Library,

IOR/V/24/2039.



IOR/V/24/2039.



IOR/V/24/2039.

Oberai, Colonel G. R. (1948): Report on the prison administration of the United Provinces. For the year

1946. British Library, IOR/V/24/2042.

Oberai, Colonel G. R. (1949): Report on the prison administration of the United Provinces. For the year

1947. British Library, IOR/V/24/2042.

Palmer, Lieut.-Colonel C.E. (1931): Annual Report on the Condition and Management of the Jails in the

United Provinces with Tabular Statements, for the year ended 31st December 1931. British Library,

IOR/V/24/2041.


United Provinces with Tabular Statements, for the year ended 31st December 1931. British Library,

IOR/V/24/2041.


United Provinces, with Tabular Statements, for the year ended 31st December 1932. British Library,

IOR/V/24/2041.


United Provinces, with tabular statements for the year ending December 31, 1933. British Library,

IOR/V/24/2041.



14

YEARLY PRISON ADMINISTRATION REPORT NWP/UP: SOURCES, CONT.Salamat Ullah, Major H.M. (1935): Report on the prison administration of the United Provinces. For the


Salamat Ullah, Major H.M. (1936): Report on the Prison Administration of the United Provinces. For the


Salamat Ullah, Major H.M. (1937): Report on the prison administration of the United Provinces. For the





year 1938. British library, IOR/V/24/2042.



Shaikh, Lieut.-Col. A. H. (1941): Report on the prison administration of the United Provinces. For the








Thornhill, C. B. (1853): Report of the inspector of prisons, North-Western Provinces. British Library,

IOR/V/24/2029.

Thornhill, C. B. (1854): Report of the Inspector General of Prisons, North Western Provinces. British

Library, IOR/V/24/2029. From C.B. Thornhill, Inspector General of Prisons, North Western Provinces to

William Muir, Secretary to Government, North Western Provinces.



15

YEARLY PRISON ADMINISTRATION REPORT NWP/UP: SOURCES, CONT.Thornhill, C. B. (1855): Report of the Inspector General of Prisons, North Western Provinces. British

Library, IOR/V/24/2029. From C.B. Thornhill, Inspector General of Prisons, North Western Provinces to

William Muir, Secretary to Government, North Western Provinces.

Tyler, J. W. (1890): Annual Report on the Condition & Management of the Jails in the N.-W. Provinces

and Oudh, with tabular statements. For the year ended 31st December 1889. British Library,

IOR/V/24/2036.



IOR/V/24/2036.



IOR/V/24/2037.


and Oudh, with tabular statements. For the year ended 31st December 1892. British Library. Allahabad

(IOR/V/24/2037).



IOR/V/24/2037.



IOR/V/24/2037.



IOR/V/24/2037.

Walker, W. (1863): Annual Report, with tabular statements, for the year ending on 31st December, 1862,

on the Condition & Management of the Jails in the North Western Provinces. British Library,

IOR/V/24/2030.



16

YEARLY PRISON ADMINISTRATION REPORT NWP/UP: SOURCES, CONT.Walker, W. (1864): Annual Report, with tabular statements, for the year ending on 31st December, 1863

on the Condition & Management of the Jails in the North Western Provinces. British Library,

IOR/V/24/2030.

Walker, W. M. (1872): Annual Report with tabular statements, for the year ending on 31st December,


IOR/V/24/2033.

Walker, W. M. (1873): Annual Report, with tabular statements, for the year ending on 31st December,


IOR/V/24/2033.



IOR/V/24/2032.



IOR/V/24/2032.



IOR/V/24/2032.












17

YEARLY PRISON ADMINISTRATION REPORT NWP/UP: SOURCES, CONT.Walker, W. M. (1880): Annual Report with tabular statements, for the year ending on 31st December,




1880. On the Condition & Management of the Jails in the North Western Provinces and Oudh. British





Williams, Fleetwood (1859): Prison Returns of the North Western Provinces for the year 1856. British

library, IOR/V/24/2029.

Woodcock, W. H. (1852): Report of the Inspector of Prisons on the Management of the Jails, from 1845

to 1851, and on the Present State of Prison Discipline in the North Western Provinces. British Library,

IOR/V/24/2029.

Woolley, Lieutenant-Colonel J.M. (1920): Annual Report on the Condition and Management of the Jails

in the United Provinces, with tabular statements, for the year ended 31st December 1919. British Library,

IOR/V/24/2039.



IOR/V/24/2039.



IOR/V/24/2039.


in the United Provinces with tabular statements, for the year ended 31st December 1922. British Library,

IOR/V/24/2040.



18

OTHER PRISON ADMINISTRATION REPORTS AND SOURCES OF PRISONS IN THE NORTH-

WESTERN PROVINCES/UNITED PROVINCES

SOURCES:Note: This is a select list.

Ellenborough (1844-1846): Prisoners in jails of North West Provinces, number reported by. British

Library, IOR/Z/E/4/18/E315.

Government of India (1856): Civil Service, Commissioners, North West Provinces, Police and jail

reports, instructions to, respecting. British Library, IOR/Z/E/4/27/C651.

Government of India (1927-28): Indian States Administration Reports Benares States 1910-11. British


PRISON ADMINISTRATION REPORTS COLONIAL INDIA AND PROVINCES OTHER THAN

NORTH-WESTERN PROVINCES/UNITED PROVINCES

SOURCES:Beverly, Henry (1877): Administration Report of the Jails of Bengal for the year 1876. Calcutta.

Ewart, Joseph (1860): The sanitary condition and discipline of Indian jails. London: Smith, Elder.

Government of India (01.01.1853): Letters on civil and criminal reports and jail management. British

Library, Mss Eur F86/34.

Government of India (01.01.1856): Civil Service, Commissioners, North West Provinces, Police and jail

reports, instructions to, respecting. British Library, IOR/Z/E/4/27/C651 Related Resources: See entry at

IOR/E/4/836, pp. 866-869.

Government of India (01.01.1857): Lower Provinces, Prisons, Inspector General, Report on drainage and

ventilation of jails in N.W.P. to be furnished to. British Library, IOR/Z/E/4/29/L193 Related Resources:

See entry at IOR/E/4/843, pp1356-357.

Government of India (11.07.1881): Indian Jail Reports 1879 Statistics of mortality and punishments

inflicted. British Library, IOR/L/PJ/6/43, File 973.



19

PRISON ADMINISTRATION REPORTS COLONIAL INDIA AND PROVINCES OTHER THAN NWP/UP,SOURCES, CONT.Government of India (29.11.1882): Indian Jails Administration; Reports and Statistics for 1886. British

Library, IOR/L/PJ/6/217, File 2224.

Government of India (29.10.1889): Reports on administration of jails in India during 1888. British


Government of India (07.12.1892): Jail Administration in India; review of reports for 1891. British


Government of India (1896): Reports on the administration of Indian jails in 1895. British Library,

IOR/L/PJ/6/432, File 1971.

Government of India (01.01.1926): Conditions in Indian Jails: report for 1924 on sickness and mortality;

tables relating to Jails in British India for 1924; Govt. of India report on overcrowding and tuberculosis.

British Library, IOR/L/PJ/6/1917, File 409.

Howell, A. P. (1869): Note on jails and jail discipline in India, 1867 - 68. British Library; archive.org,

BL: IOR/V/27/170/1.

International Committee of the Red Cross. (14.12.2010): Reports on British prison-camps in India and

Burma, visited by the International Red Cross Committee in February, March and April, 1917.

Lethbridge, A. S. (1890): Administration Report of the Jails of Bengal for the year 1889. Calcutta.

Mouat, Frederic J. (1856): Reports on jails visited and inspected in Bengal, Behar and Arracan. Calcutta,

F. Carbery, Military orphan press.

Mouat, Frederic J. (1858): Report on the Jails of the Lower Provinces of the Bengal Presidency, for 1857-

58. Online: archive.org.

Mouat, Frederic J. (1862): On Prison Statistics and Discipline in Lower Bengal. In: Journal of the

Statistical Society of London 25 (2), pp. 175–218.

Mouat, Frederic J. (1867): On Prison Discipline and Statistics in Lower Bengal. In: Journal of the


Times of India (May 3rd, 1921): Jail Administration. In: Times of India, May 3rd, 1921, p. 6.



20

PRISON ADMINISTRATION REPORTS COLONIAL INDIA AND PROVINCES OTHER THAN NWP/UP,SOURCES, CONT.Wiehe, C. G. (1865): Journal of a tour of inspection of the principal jails in India made by the Inspector

General of Prisons, Bombay Presidency, in December 1862 and January and February 1863. archive.org.

SECONDARY LITERATURE:Warren, James (2018): The Rangoon Jail Riot of 1930 and the Prison Administration of British Burma.

In: South East Asia Research 10 (1), pp. 5–29. DOI: 10.5367/000000002101296991.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONFERENCES OF INSPECTOR-GENERALS OF PRISONS

SOURCES:Government of India (1877): Report of the Indian Jail Conference assembled in Calcutta in January-

March 1877, under the orders of His Excellency the Governor General in Council. With Appendices.

British Library, IOR/V/27/170/2.

Government of India (1892): Report of the Conference on Prison Discipline. British Library,

IOR/L/PJ/6/22, File 1276.

Government of India (1923): Proceedings of the Conference of Inspectors-General of Prisons held at

Delhi, MARCH 12th, 13th AND 14th; 1923. British Library, IOR/L/PJ/6/1836, File 179.

Government of India (1926): Proceedings of the Second Conference of Inspector-General of Prisons held

in the Madras Presidency. British Library, IOR/L/PJ/6/1927, File 2433. Report with photographs; views

on the possible substitution of penal servitude for transportation.

Government of Bengal (1928): Proceedings of the Third Conference of Inspector-General of Prisons held

at Calcutta. British Library, IOR/L/PJ/6/1961, File 2014.

Government of United Provinces (1930): Proceedings of the Fourth All-India Conference of the

Inspector-General of Prisons Held at Lucknow. British Library, IOR/L/PJ/6/2009, File 3642.

Government of India (1934): Proceedings of Fifth All-India Conferences of Inspectors-General of

Prisons, New Delhi, 1934. British Library, IOR/L/PJ/8/487.

Government of India (1939): Proceedings of Sixth All-India Conferences of Inspectors-General of

Prisons, New Delhi, 1939. British Library, IOR/L/PJ/8/487.



21

JAIL MANUALS, RULES ON THE MANAGEMENT OF PRISONS

SOURCES:Clark, Stewart (1863): A manual of jail discipline and economy for the use of officers in charge of jails in

the North-Western Provinces. Agra, Central Prison Press.

Walker, William (1882): Rules for the Management and Discipline in the North-Western Provinces and

Oudh. British Library, IOR/V/27/171/90.

Government of India (1902): Rules for the Management and Discipline of Prisoners in the N.-W.

Provinces and Oudh. British Library, IOR/V/27/171/91.

United Provinces of Agra and Oudh (India). Jail Department. (1915): Jail manual of the United Provinces

of Agra and Oudh. British Library, Asia, Pacific & Africa V 3420.

Government of the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh (1927): United Provinces Jail Manual, revised

Edition. British Library, IOR/V/27/171/93.

Government of the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh (1942): United Provinces Jail Manual. Containing

the rules for the superintendence and management of jails in the United Provinces, revised Edition.

British Library, IOR/V/27/171/95.

REPORTS OF JAIL COMMITTEES

SOURCES:Govenors of Her Majesty's colonial possessions (1867): Prison discipline in the colonies. Digest and

summary of information respecting prisons in the colonies, supplied by the governors of Her Majesty's

colonial possessions, in answer to Mr. Secretary Cardwell's circular despatches of the 16th and 17th

January 1865. House of Commons Parliamentary Papers Online. House of Commons, Parliamentary

papers. Internet. Online: http://parlipapers.chadwyck.co.uk/fulltext/fulltext.do?area=hcpp&id=1867-

044668&pagenum=1&resultNum=1&entries=1&source=config.cfg&queryId=./session/1339663914_210

50&backto=RESULTS.

Government of India, Jails Department (1887): Proceedings of the Sub-Committee, Public Service

Commission. Jails Department. GIPE online.



22

REPORTS OF JAIL COMMITTEES: SOURCES, CONT.Government of India (01.11.1918): The Establishment of an Indian Jails Committee: pay and allowances

of committee members; travel arrangements and costs of oversees tours; statistics of convicts in Indian

jails, 1913-17. British Library, IOR/L/PJ/6/1551, File 4908.

Government of India: Report of the Committee on Prison Discipline, to the Governor General of India in

Council, dated the 8th January 1838; to which is prefixed a Resolution recorded by the Government of

India, on the 8th of October 1838, after taking the Report into consideration., 12. Online:

http://han.sub.uni-goettingen.de/han/129528/search.proquest.com/publication/54072/pqil.

Committee on Prison-Discipline (1838): Report of the Committee on Prison-Discipline to the Governor

General of India: in Council dated the eight of January 1838; To which are added a few tables extracted

from the appendix. British Library, IOR/F/4/1770/72749. Contains Legislative Letters, Minutes,

Appendices. Online: http://books.google.de/books?id=4BQPAQAAMAAJ.

(1846): Prison Discipline in India. ART. IV.-1. Report of the Committee on Prison Discipline, toe the

Governor Genral [sic] of India in Council, dated the 8th January 1838; to which is prefixed a Resolution

recorded by the Government of India, on the 8th of October 1838, after taking the Report in. In: Calcutta

Review 6 (12), pp. 449–499.

Government of India (01.01.1858): Prisons Inspector Report of, on North West Provinces containing

plans for Indian jails suggestion to submit to Committee for jail in Lower Provinces. British Library,

IOR/Z/E/4/33/P461.

Government of India (13.01.1882): Indian Jails Reports. British Library, IOR/L/PJ/6/61, File 84.

Government of India (1889): Report of the Committee appointed under the orders of the Governor

General in Council to enquire into certain matters connected with Jail administration in India; with

appendices, Calcutta, by the Superintendent of Government Printing, India. British Library,

IOR/V/26/170/2.

Government of India or East India (Jails Committee) (1921): Report of the Indian Jails Committee 1919–

20 (Contents: Sir A. G. Cardew chairman. Vol. I Report). Online #



23

REPORTS OF JAIL COMMITTEES: SOURCES, CONT.Government of India (Jan 1921-May 1926): Indian Jails Committee Report, 1919-20; Government of

India orders on recommendations. British Library, IOR/L/PJ/6/1836, File 179. Extract from official report

of Punjab Legislative Council Debates, 25.2.1926; Rules made by the Secretary of State for India in

Council under Indian Civil Service (Temporary Provisions) Act, 1915, (5&6 George V., Chapter 87);

Punjab Legis. Council 4 Dec. 1925;

Government of India: Evidence of Col. Mulvany submitted before the Indian Jails Committee: Press

extracts; Legislative Assembly debate. British Library, IOR/L/PJ/6/1919, File 668.

Government of India (1919): Indian Jails Committee Report 1919-20, Appendix, Evidence. British

Library, IOR/L/PARL/2/407 A.

Government of India (1922): Indian Jails Committee, 1919-20, Volume V, Minutes of Evidence taken in

the United Provinces, The Punjab and the North-West-Frontier Province, Calcutta, Superintendent

Government Printing, India, 1922. British Library, IOR/L/PARL/2/407 B.

Government of India (01.02.1923): Conditions in Indian prisons: observations regarding

recommendations of the Indian Jails Committee; printed report. British Library, IOR/L/PJ/6/1851, File

3474.

Government of India (01.04.1924): The Indian Jails Committee of 1919-1920 and its results:

departmental note with appendices. British Library, IOR/L/PJ/6/1878, File 1911.

Government of India (1929): Report of the United Provinces Jails Inquiry Committee 1929. British

Library, IOR/V/26/170/5.

Government of Punjab (1926): Report of the Punjab Jails Enquiry Committee, 1925. GIPE online.

Government of India (Jun-Jul 1929): United Provinces Jails Enquiry Committee Report, 1929. British

Library, IOR/L/PJ/6/1980, File 2277. Summary of United Provinces Jails Inquiry (Stuart) Committee

1928-29: Report. Allahabad, 1929, IOR IOR/V/26/170/5, by chapter. Telegram, any resolution should be

transmitted to Secretary of State, GOI, Home Dept.



24

REPORTS OF JAIL COMMITTEES: SOURCES, CONT.Government of United Provinces (1938): a) Report: United Provinces Jails Reform Committee, 1938.

(Chairman: Gopinath Srivastava.), pp. 16. b) Report: Expert Committee on Jail Reforms, U.P., 1938.

(Chairman: H.M. Salamat Ullah.), pp. 23. c) Report of the Departmental Jail Committee, January 1939.

(Chairman: Gopinath Srivastava.), pp. 87. d) Report of the Criminal Tribes Committee, U.P. 1938.

(Chairman: Venkatesh Narayan Tivary.), pp. 17 SEPARATE? None, IOR/V/26/170/6. Contains: 1.

Report: United Provinces Jails Reform Committee, 1938. (Chairman: Gopinath Srivastava.), pp. 16. 2.

Report: Expert Committee on Jail Reforms, U.P., 1938. (Chairman: H.M. Salamat Ullah.), pp. 23. 3.

Report: Jail Committee, U.P., 1939. (Chairman: Gopinath Srivastava.), pp. 87 4. Report of the Criminal

Tribes Committee, U.P. 1938. (Chairman: Venkatesh Narayan Tivary.), pp. 17.

Barker, Frederic Allen Lt.-Col. (1968): The Modern Prison System of India. A Report to the Department.

The Progress of Prison Reform in India during the Twenty Years following the publication of the Report

of the 1919-20 Jails Committee. ed. by Radozinowicz, L.; Turner, J.W.C. Nendel: London: Macmillan &

Co. [reprint by Kraus Reprint; Nendeln. Liechtenstein].

ARCHITECTURE

SOURCES:Note: See also: Yearly Prison Administration Report North-Western Provinces/United Provinces; Other

Prison Administration Reports North-Western Provinces/United Provinces, Prison Administration

Reports Colonial India and Provinces other than North-Western Provinces/United ProvincesPrison

Administration Reports Colonial India and Provinces other than North-Western Provinces/United

Provinces; Proceedings of the Conferences of Inspector-Generals of Prisons; Jail Manuals, Rules on

Management of Prisons; and Reports of Jail Committee

Clark, Stewart (1864): Practical observations on the hygiene of the army in India: including remarks on

the ventilation and conservancy of Indian prisons : with a chapter on prison management. archive.org.

Government of India (01.01.1857): Charts, Maps and Plans, Benares, plans for enlargement of existing

jail at Benares, to be Submitted. British Library, IOR/Z/E/4/30/C353.



25

ARCHITECTURE: SOURCES, CONT.Government of India (01.01.1857): Lower Provinces, Prisons, Inspector General, Report on drainage and

ventilation of jails in N.W.P. to be furnished to. British Library, IOR/Z/E/4/29/L193 Related Resources:

See entry at IOR/E/4/843, pp1356-357.

Government of India (1857): Charts, Maps and Plans, Benares, plans for enlargement of existing jail at

Benares, to be Submitted. British Library, IOR/Z/E/4/30/C353.

Government of India (unspecified): A COLORED PLAN of a Dewannee Jail for 300 prisoners, and

Fouzdarree Jail for 400 prisoners, for the City of Benares, 582 feet by 54 feet ; drawn on a scale of 200

feet to an inch : 3 ft. 2 in. x 1 ft. 5 in. [13,907 h.]India: Various maps and plans of. British Library, Add

MS 13907 A-H.

SECONDARY LITERATURE:Anderson, Clare; Arnold, David (2007): Envisioning the Colonial Prison. In: Frank Dikötter and Ian

Brown (eds): Cultures of Confinement. A History of the Prison in Africa, Asia and Latin America.

London: Hurst and Company, pp. 304–331.

Kaplan, Martha (1995): The Panopticon in Poona. An Essay on Foucault and Colonialism. In: Cultural

Anthropology 10 (1), pp. 85–98.

Rai Waits, Mira (2014): The Spatial Economy of British Colonial Penology in India, 1858-1911. [Santa

Barbara, Calif.]: University of California, Santa Barbara.

Rai Waits, Mira (2018): Imperial Vision, Colonial Prisons. In: Journal of the Society of Architectural -

Historians 77 (2), pp. 146–167. DOI: 10.1525/jsah.2018.77.2.146.



26

FOOD, DIET, MESSING

Note: See also: Yearly Prison Administration Report North-Western Provinces/United Provinces; Other






SOURCES:Mayne, F. C. (01.01.1857): Report of Mr. F.C. Mayne on introduction of messing system into Banda jail

considered highly satisfactory by Colvin, J.R., Lieutenant Governor, North West Provinces. British

Library, IOR/Z/E/4/29/C1231 Related Resources: See entry at IOR/E/4/843, p1416.

McCay, David (1910): Investigations on Bengal jail dietaries: with some observations on the influence of

dietary on the physical development and well-being of the people of Bengal. Internet.

McCay, Capt. D., IMS (01.06.1910): Report on the nutritional value of jail diets in the UP; question of

payment of his expenses in connection with the report. British Library, IOR/L/PJ/6/1006, File 1681.

McCay, D. Capt., IMS (5 May 1910-6 Oct 1910): Report on the nutritional value of jail diets in the UP;

question of payment of his expenses in connection with the report, IOR/L/PJ/6/1006, File 1681.

McNair, Major J. F. A. (1899): Prisoners their own warders. A record of the convict prison at Singapore

in the Straits Settlements established 1825, together with a cursory history of the convict establishments

at Bencoolen, Penang and Malacca from the year 1797. In collaboration with von W. D. Bayliss.

Westminster: Archibald Constable and Co.





27

FOOD, DIET, MESSING, CONT.SECONDARY LITERATURE:Anderson, Clare (2007): The Indian Uprising of 1857-8. Prisons, Prisoners and Rebellion. London:


Arnold, David (2004): The Self and the Cell. Indian Prison Narratives as Life Histories, in: Arnold,

David/Blackburn, Stuart ( Eds): Telling Lives in India. Biography, Autobiography, and Life History,

Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 29-53.

Yang, Anand A. (1987): Disciplining Natives: Prisons and Prisoners in Early Nineteenth Century India.


Arnold, David (2007): India: The Contested Prison, in: Dikötter, Frank/Brown, Ian ( Eds): Cultures in


pp. 147-184.

Singha, Radhika (1995): ‘No Needless or Unintended Pleasures’: Penal ‘Reform’ in the Colony, 1825-45,

in: Studies in History Vol. 11: 29-76.

Yang, Anand A. (2004): Of Lotahs and Men: Confronting of the Body (Politics in the Lotah Emeutes of

1855. In: James H. Mills and Satadru Sen (eds): Confronting the body. The politics of physicality in

colonial and post-colonial India. London: Anthem Press (Anthem South Asian Studies), pp. 102–117.

HEALTH IN COLONIAL PRISONS, JAIL HOSPITALS

SOURCES







Clark, Stewart (1864): Practical observations on the hygiene of the army in India: including remarks on

the ventilation and conservancy of Indian prisons: with a chapter on prison management. archive.org.



29

HEALTH IN COLONIAL PRISONS, JAIL HOSPITALS: SOURCES, CONT.Ewart, Joseph (1860): The sanitary condition and discipline of Indian jails. London: Smith, Elder.

Government of India (01.04.1835): Government of India subscribe for 50 copies of James Hutchinson's

report on the medical management of the native jails in India - they forward 24 copies to London and

present one copy each to the Governments of Madras, Bombay and the North Western Provinces. British

Library, IOR/F/4/1720/69367 Related Resources: Ind Jud 5 Dec 1838, draft 709/1838, IOR/E/4/758 pp.

34-35. See also 64372.

Government of India (Apr 1835-Jul 1837): Government of India subscribe for 50 copies of James

Hutchinson's report on the medical management of the native jails in India - they forward 24 copies to

London and present one copy each to the Governments of Madras, Bombay and the North Western

Provinces. British Library; archive.org, IOR/F/4/1720/69367 IOR/F/4/1720/69367 Related Resources:

Ind Jud 5 Dec 1838, draft 709/1838, IOR/E/4/758 pp 34-35. See also 64372 IOR/F/4/1720/69367 Related

Resources: Ind Jud 5 Dec 1838, draft 709/1838, IOR/E/4/758 pp 34-35. See also 64372

IOR/F/4/1720/69367 Related Resources: Ind Jud 5 Dec 1838, draft 709/1838, IOR/E/4/758 pp 34-35. See

also 64372 IOR/F/4/1720/69367.

Government of India (01.01.1839): Hospitals, Reports on Jail Hospitals in North West Provinces. British

Library, IOR/Z/E/4/16/H596 Related Resources: See entry at IOR/E/4/769, pp. 887-8.

Government of India (1839-1842): Hospitals, Reports on Jail Hospitals in North West Provinces. British

Library, IOR/Z/E/4/16/H596.

Government of India (01.01.1845): A report of the Medical Management of the native Jails throughout

the territories subject to the Governments of Fort William and Agra. to which are added, some

observations on the principal diseases to which Native prisoners are liable, etc. British Library, General

Reference Collection 1170.g.27. Asia, Pacific & Africa V 6733 ; Asia, Pacific & Africa

IOL.1947.a.403(a).

Government of India (01.01.1845): Observations on the general and medical management of Indian jails.

British Library, Asia, Pacific & Africa IOL.1947.a.404.

Government of India (01.01.1846): Reports on Jail hospitals and observations respecting Hospitals.

British Library, IOR/Z/E/4/19/H824 Related Resources: See entry at IOR/E/4/798, pp. 528-532.

Government of India (1846-1849): Hospitals, Reports on Jail hospitals and observations respecting,

IOR/Z/E/4/19/H824.



30

HEALTH IN COLONIAL PRISONS, JAIL HOSPITALS: SOURCES, CONT.Government of India (01.01.1857): Hospitals, Report on sickness and mortality in jail, in Bengal and

N.W.P., correspondence respecting. British Library, IOR/Z/E/4/29/H438 Related Resources: See entry at

IOR/E/4/843, pp. 559-565.

Government of India (01.01.1861): Reports upon epidemic fever of a contagious type in some of the jails

of the N.W. Province British Library, Asia, Pacific & Africa W 4110.

Government of India (11.07.1881): Indian Jail Reports 1879 Statistics of mortality and punishments

inflicted. British Library, IOR/L/PJ/6/43, File 973.

Government of India (01.06.1905): Pay of Indian Medical Service officers in the Jail Department. British


Government of India, Sanitary Commissioner (1910): Note by the Sanitary Commissioner with the Note

by the Sanitary Commissioner with the Government of India on the sickness and mortality in the jails of

India during 1910. British Library, IOR/L/PJ/6/1113/3724. Excerpts.

Government of India (01.01.1911): Sickness and mortality in, and statistical tables for jails in India for

1910. British Library, IOR/L/PJ/6/1113-3724.

Government of India (01.01.1926): Conditions in Indian Jails: report for 1924 on sickness and mortality;

tables relating to Jails in British India for 1924; Govt. of India report on overcrowding and tuberculosis.


Government of India (Jan 1926-Jun 1927): Conditions in Indian Jails: report for 1924 on sickness and

mortality; tables relating to Jails in British India for 1924; Govt. of India report on overcrowding and

tuberculosis, IOR/L/PJ/6/1917, File 409.

Hospitals, Report on sickness and mortality in jail, in Bengal and N.W.P., correspondence respecting

(1857). British Library, IOR/Z/E/4/29/H438.

Hutchinson, James (1845): Observations on the General and Medical Management of Indian Jails; and on

the Treatment of some of the Principal Diseases which Infest them. googlebooks. 2nd edition, 1st edition

was published in 1835.

Indian Jail Department (15.03.1893): Proposed reservation of the appointment of Superintendent of

Central Jails to commissioned medical officers. British Library, IOR/L/PJ/6/343, File 633.



31

HEALTH IN COLONIAL PRISONS, JAIL HOSPITALS: SOURCES, CONT.Times of India (August 23rd, 1933): Administration of Prisons in U.P. Heavy Mortality due to Heat

Stroke. In: Times of India, August 23rd, 1933, p. 13.

GENDER/FEMALE PRISONERS







Carpenter, Mary (1877): East India (Prison Discipline). Report to Marquis of Salisbury by Miss Carpenter

on Prison Discipline, and Female education in India. Online: GIPE.

Tarapore, Lt Col P.K (1936): Prison Reform in India: Humphrey Milford.

SECONDARY LITERATURE:Note: See also: General; Transportation; Transportation, Andaman Islands, Banishment

Anagol, Padma (2016): The emergence of feminism in India, 1850-1920. Oxon: Routledge.

Anagol, Padma; Grey, Daniel J. R. (2017): Rethinking Gender and Justice in South Asia, 1772–2013. In:

Cult & Soc Hist 14 (4), pp. 419–427. DOI: 10.1080/14780038.2017.1358972.



Anderson, Clare (2009): Gender, identity, mobility. An introduction to the annual conference edition of

the British Association for South Asian Studies. In: Contemporary South Asia 17 (1), pp. 3–6. DOI:

10.1080/09584930802624620.



32

GENDER/FEMALE PRISONERS: SECONDARY LITERATURE, CONT.Arnold, David (2007): India: The Contested Prison. In: Frank Dikötter and Ian Brown (eds): Cultures of


pp. 147–184.

Ghosh, Durba (2010): Legal and Liberal Subjects: Women's Crimes in Early Colonial India. In: Journal

of Women's History 22 (2), pp. 153–156.

Grey, Daniel J. R. (2011): Gender, Religion, and Infanticide in Colonial India, 1870–1906. In: Victorian

Review 37 (2), pp. 107–120. DOI: 10.1353/vcr.2011.0043.

Grey, Daniel J. R. (2013): Creating the "Problem Hindu": Sati, Thuggee and Female Infanticide in India,

1800-60. In: Gender & History 25 (3), pp. 498–510.

Grey, Daniel J. R. (2014): 'Who's really wicked and immoral, women or men?': uneasy classifications,

Hindu gender roles and infanticide in late nineteenth-century India. In: Vivien Miller and James Campbell

(eds): Transnational Penal Cultures. New perspectives on discipline, punishment and desistance.

Hoboken: Taylor and Francis (Routledge SOLON Explorations in Crime and Criminal Justice Histories),

pp. 36–50.

Oxley, Deborah (1997): Representing Convict Women. In: Ian Duffield and James Bradley (eds):

Representing Convicts. London: Leicester University Press, pp. 88–105.

Sen, Satadru (1998): Rationing sex: Female convicts in the Andamans. In: South Asia: Journal of South

Asian Studies 21 (2), pp. 29–59. DOI: 10.1080/00856409808723342.

Sen, Satadru (2002): The female jails of Colonial India. In: Indian Economic Social History Review 39, p

417 – 438.

Singh, Priyam (1996): Victims or criminals? A study of women in colonial North-Western Provinces and

Oudh, India, 1870-1910. Middletown, NJ: Caslon.

Thapar-Björkert, Suruchi (1998): Gender, nationalism and the colonial jail: a study of women activists in

Uttar Pradesh. In: Women's History Review 7 (4), pp. 583–615. DOI: 10.1080/09612029800200182.

Thapar-Björkert, Suruchi (1998): Gender, nationalism and the colonial jail: a study of women activists in

Uttar Pradesh. In: Women's History Review 7 (4), pp. 583–615. DOI: 10.1080/09612029800200182.



33

JUVENILE PRISONERS

SOURCE:Note: See also: Yearly Prison Administration Report North-Western Provinces/United Provinces; Other






Shaikh, A. H. (1944): Juvenile Jail, Bareilly, correctional and rehabiltation work, 1939-1940-1941 (With

additional slips and a Summary covering work done upto 1943, and a Note on "sex deviation"). British

Library, Asia, Pacific & Africa P/W 485. On the Juvenile Jail, Bareilly, correctional programme,

rehabilitation work, judicial system, taxonomy, individual cases.



SECONDARY LITERATURE:CRAWFORD, C. M. (1947): 1. Correctional and Rehabilitation Work, Reformatory School, Lucknow; 2.

Correctional and Rehabilitation Work, Juvenile Jail, Bareilly; 3. Schemes for Delinquency and Its

Correction; Prevention and Correction of Delinquency, Mental Disorder and Mental Deficiency; A Few

Suggestions Regarding Adult Crime. In: AJP 103 (5), 716-b-717. DOI: 10.1176/ajp.103.5.716-b.

Sen, Satadru (2004): A Separate Punishment: Juvenile Offenders in Colonial India. In: The Journal of -

Asian Studies 63 (1), pp. 81–104.



34

INDIVIDUAL CASES

SOURCES:Note: This is only a selection of sources on individual cases.

Government of India (1924): Case of the treatment in Benares Jail, UP, of the political prisoner, Pandit

Jagdamba Prasad. British Library, IOR/L/PJ/6/1879, File 2016.

(13.07.1899): Petition to the Queen from Mahadeo Ditchit, a prisoner at Bareilly Central Prison. British


Public and Judicial Department: Jails and Reformatories. Notes of Health in Jails and tables relating to

India. British Library, IOR/L/PJ/8/488. Health statistics for jails in Provinces, not for individual jails,

notes by public health comissioner on special occurences.

Police ill-treatment; under trial prisoners and the conduct of lock-ups (27.04.1911), IOR/L/PJ/6/1186, File

3218.

Public and Judicial Department (Nov 1926 - Mar 1927): Petition for clemency on behalf of Khushal, a

convict undergoing a sentence of transportation for life of murder. British Library, IOR/L/PJ/6/1934, File

403.

Judicial and Public Department (04.03.1909): Conviction of persons accused of tarring the Queen

Victoria statue at Benares. British Library, IOR/L/PJ/6/928, File.

Judicial and Public Department (1895): Gobind Pershad Appeal Case; request from his father or the

return of papers connected with his son's appeal against conviction for murder. British Library,

IOR/L/PJ/6/402, File 1303.

Appeals for mercy on behalf of Beni Madho and 5 others serving a ten year prison sentence each in the

Benares Central Jail, UP, on a charge under the Indian Penal Code (01.12.1917), IOR/L/PJ/6/1711, File

7265.

Conviction and sentence of Monendra Nath for the attempted murder of a Police Officer at Benares;

reports by telegram (Jan-Feb 1928). British Library, IOR/L/PJ/6/1954, File 207.



35

INDIVIDUAL CASES: SOURCES, CONT.Government of India (01.01.1855): Crime, Murder, Benares, question respecting trial of Victoria Hasey

for referred to Advocate General. British Library, IOR/Z/E/4/26/C1008; See entry at IOR/E/4/830, p.

1483.

Government of India (01.01.1890): A Benares Gambling Case. Queen-Empress versus Baboo Jang

Bahadur Singh and others. Government of India, 05319.eee.37.(4 -.).

Government of India (01.01.1928): Conviction and sentence of Monendra Nath for the attempted murder

of a Police Officer at Benares; ds by telegram. British Library, IOR/L/PJ/6/1954, File 207.

Government of India (01.01.1938): Request from prison commissioners for a translation of a letter by a

condemned prisoner, Jan Mohamed; 2581. British Library, L/PJ/7/1959.

Government of India (01.02.1924): Privy Council Appeal: application of 3 prisoners sentenced to death

for their participation in a riot that occurred at Fatehgarh. British Library, IOR/L/PJ/6/1872, File 583.

Government of India (04.03.1909): Conviction of persons accused of tarring the Queen Victoria statue at

Benares. British Library, IOR/L/PJ/6/928, File 1049.

Government of India (1924): Case of the treatment in Benares Jail, UP, of the political prisoner, Pandit

Jagdamba Prasad. British Library, IOR/L/PJ/6/1879, File 2016.

Government of India: Detention of Mozafor Ali, ex ss. Settler, as a prisoner of war in Germany. British

Library, IOR/L/E/8/136.

Government of India: The trial of Maha Rajah Nundocomar, Bahader for Forgery. British Library, 515-k-

20.

Government of India; Home Department (Dec. 1917 - Nov. 1920): Appeals for mercy on behalf of Beni

Madho and 5 others serving a ten year prison sentence each in the Benares Central Jail, UP, on a charge

under the Indian Penal Code. British Library, IOR/L/PJ/6/1711, File 7265.

Government of India; House of Commons (01.11.1927): Death of an Indian prisoner detained in Benares

Central Jail: result of a post-mortem; Parliamentary enquiries, IOR/L/PJ/6/1946, File 2745. Case of

prisoner in Benares CJ, killed by convict warder.

Petition for mercy from Musammat S Devi on behalf of her husband, Hori Lal, undergoing imprisonment

in the Bareilly Jail (Nov 1922-Jan 1924). British Library, IOR/L/PJ/6/1867, File 6185.



36

INDIVIDUAL CASES: SOURCES, CONT.Petition from Jagan N Singh and Baij N Singh, undergoing prison sentences for killing Musammat

Kabutri (January 1918 - February 1922). British Library, IOR/L/PJ/6/1789, File 764.

Petition of Ram Sunder Kalwar, a resident of Ballia, on behalf of his son Baijnath, undergoing a one year

prison sentence (01.04.1923). British Library, IOR/L/PJ/6/1872, File 635.

Petition of Ram Sunder Kalwar, a resident of Ballia, on behalf of his son Baijnath, undergoing a one year

prison sentence (Apr 1923-Feb 1924). British Library, IOR/L/PJ/6/1872, File 635.

Petition to the Queen from Mahadeo Ditchit, a prisoner at Bareilly Central Prison (13.07.1899). British


Privy Council Appeal: application of 3 prisoners sentenced to death for their participation in a riot that

occurred at Fatehgarh (Feb-Jul 1924). British Library, IOR/L/PJ/6/1872, File 583.

Removal to the UK from India of ex-military convict Robert T Singleton and the submission of a petition

on his behalf (1927-1928). British Library, IOR/L/PJ/6/1946, File 2818.

The Church Army; appeal from Mrs Ruth Browne on behalf of her brother in prison in India (1908).


The Under-Secretary of State, Home Office (1927): Removal from India to the UK of ex-military

convicts G A Briggs, R S Jay, M Haines, A R Collings and R Wilson. British Library, IOR/L/PJ/6/1934,

File 360.

The Under-Secretary of State, Home Office (1927): Removal from India to the UK of ex-military

convicts Reginald S Jay, G A Briggs, M Haines A R Collings and R Wilson. British Library,

IOR/L/PJ/6/1934, File 373.



37

COLONIAL INDIAN PRISONS DURING WARS AND INTER-WAR PERIOD

SOURCES:Government of India (1942): Auxiliary Pioneer Battalions: 6 Indian Auxiliary Pioneer Battalion. The

National Archives, WO 169/8169. Online: http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/C1008977.

Times of India (25.10.1916): India and the War. In: Times of India, p. 7.

SECONDARY LITERATURE:Singha, Radhika: Indian Labour Corps | International Encyclopedia of the First World War (WW1). The

International Encyclopedia of the First World War, ed. by Ute Daniel, Peter Gatrell, Oliver Janz, Heather

Jones, Jennifer Keene, Alan Kramer, and Bill Nasson, issued by Freie Universität Berlin. Online:

https://encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net/article/indian_labour_corps?version=1.0.

Singha, Radhika (2007): Finding Labor from India for the War in Iraq: The Jail Porter and Labor Corps,

1916–1920. In: Comparative Studies in Society and History 49 (2), pp. 412–445.

Times of India (October 25th, 1916): India and the War. Prison Labour Corps. In: Times of India, October

25th, 1916, p. 7.

CRIMINAL TRIBES







SOURCE

Bramley, P. B. (1904): Inter-Provincial Crime, United Provinces, Bengal, and Assam: Allahabad:

Government Press.

Major, Andrew T. (1999): State and Criminal Tribes in Colonial Punjab: Surveillance, Control and

Reclamation of the 'Dangerous Classes'. In: Modern Asian Studies 33 (3), pp. 657–688.

http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/C1008977



38

CRIMINAL TRIBES, CONT.SECONDARY LITERATURE:(Singha, Radhika (1993): 'Providential' Circumstances: The Thuggee Campaign of the 1830s and Legal

Innovation. In: Modern Asian Studies 27 (1), pp. 83–146.)

Singha, Radhika (2015): Punished by Surveillance. Policing 'dangerousness' in colonial India, 1872-1918.

In: Modern Asian Studies 49 (02), pp. 241–269. DOI: 10.1017/S0026749X13000462.

Singha, Radhika (2000): Settle, Mobilize, Verify: Identification Practices in Colonial India. In: Studies in

History 16 (2, n.s.), pp. 151–198.

Tolen, Rachel J. (1991): Colonizing and Transforming the Criminal Tribesman: The Salvation Army in

British India. In: American Ethnologist 18 (1), pp. 106–125.

Wagner, Kim A. (2004): The Deconstructed Stranglers: A Reassessment of Thuggee. In: Modern Asian

Studies 38 (4), pp. 931–963.

Wagner, Kim A. (2009): Stranglers & Bandits- A Historical Anthology of Thugee: New Delhi: OUP.

LABOUR







Briscoe, John Ivatt, Sir Robert Peel (1824): A letter on the nature and effects of the tread-wheel as an

instrument of prison labour and punishment. Googlebooks.

Government of India (17.10.1882): Jail manufactures in India. British Library, IOR/L/PJ/6/85, File 1884.

Government of India; Home Department (1912): Regulation of Jail Labour and of Jail Manufactures in

British India.



39

LABOUR: SOURCES, CONT.McCay, David (1910): Investigations on Bengal jail dietaries : with some observations on the influence of

dietary on the physical development and well-being of the people of Bengal. Internet.



at Bencoolen, Penang and Malacca from the year 1797. Unter Mitarbeit von W. D. Bayliss. Westminster:

Archibald Constable and Co.

Mouat, Frederic J. (1871 (or 1872)): Prison Labour, as an instrument of punishment, profit, and

Reformation: An episode in the prison history of Lower Bengal. In: Journal of the Society of Arts 20

(Nov. 17 (or Feb. 23)), pp. 266–276.



(Nov. 17 (or Feb. 23)), pp. 266–276.



(Nov. 17 (or Feb. 23)), pp. 266–276.



Odger, George (1870): The Employment of Criminals. In: The Contemporary review 15, pp. 464–478.

Oriental and India Office collections, British Library London: Second and concluding report of the

Committee of Convict Labour, 28 January 1837, enc. 'Regulations under which the system of employing

convict labour in large masses may be upheld in efficiency, and at the same time with a due regard for the

health and l.



Times of India (June 12th, 1874): North-West Provinces. In: Times of India, June 12th, 1874, p. 3.

Times of India (June 18th, 1912): Improved Penology. Its Application in India. In: Times of India, June

18th, 1912, p. 7.



40

LABOUR, CONT.SECONDARY LITERATURE:Note: See also: General; Non-Indian Contexts; Transportation, Andaman Islands, Banishment; the

following includes also secondary literature on non-Indian contexts


In: FSLA 30 (1), pp. 93–109. DOI: 10.1080/01440390802673856.

Arnold, David (2015): Labouring for the Raj: Convict Work Regimes in Colonial India, 1836-1939. In:

Christian G. de Vito and Alex Lichtenstein (eds): Global Convict Labour. Leiden [u.a.]: BRILL (Studies

in Global Social History, 19), pp. 199–221.

Foucauld, Deidre (1982): Prison Labour. Punishment or Reform: The Canadian Penitentiary System 1867

- 1960. Master Thesis, Ottawa. Dept. of Criminology.

Gildemeister, Glen Albert (1977): Prison Labor and Competition with Free Workers in Industrializing

America, 1840 - 1890, Illionois, USA. Dept. of History.

Jackson, Henry Theodore (1927): Prison Labor. In: Journal of the American Institute of Criminal Law

and Criminology 18 (2), pp. 218–268.

Lichtenstein, Alex (1996): Twice the work of free labor. Political economy of convict labor in the New

South. London: Verso (The Haymarket series).

McGowan, Abigail (2013): Convict Carpets. Jails and the Revival of Historic Carpet Design in Colonial

India. In: The Journal of Asian Studies 72 (2), pp. 391–416. DOI: 10.1017/S0021911813000028.

Miller, Vivien M. L. (2012): Hard labor and hard time. Florida's "Sunshine Prison" and chain gangs.

Gainesville: University Press of Florida (New perspectives on the history of the South).

Nicholas, Stephen (1989): Convict workers. Reinterpreting Australia's past. Cambridge: Cambridge

University Press (Studies in Australian history).

Platek, Monika (1991): The Sluzewiec Prison in Warsaw, Poland. A penal labour centre, of 'half-open'

prison. In: Dick Whitfield (Ed.): The State of the Prisons - 200 years on. London [u.a.]: Routledge, pp.

56–68.



41

Rai Waits, Mira (2017): Carceral Capital: The Prison Industrial Complex in Colonial India. In: Patrick

Haughey (Ed.): Across space and time. Architecture and the politics of modernity. New Brunswick, New

Jersey: Transaction Publishers, pp. 19–45.

LABOUR: SECONDARY LITERATURE, CONT.Santiago-Valles, Kelvin A. (1996): "Forcing them to Work and Punishing Whoever Resisted": Servile

Labor and Penal Servitude under Colonialism in Nineteenth-Century Puerto Rico. In: Ricardo Donato

Salvatore and Carlos Aguirre (eds): The birth of the penitentiary in Latin America. Essays on

criminology, prison reform, and social control, 1830-1940. 1st ed. Austin: University of Texas Press;

Institute of Latin American Studies (New interpretations of Latin America series), pp. 123–168.

Sen, Satadru (2002): The female jails of Colonial India. In: Indian Economic Social History Review 39,

pp. 417 – 438.

Singha, Radhika (1995): 'No needless pains or unintended pleasures': penal reform in the colony, 1825-

1845'. In: Studies in History 11, pp. 29–76.

Singha, Radhika (2007): Finding Labor from India for the War in Iraq: The Jail Porter and Labor Corps,

1916–1920. In: Comparative Studies in Society and History 49 (2), pp. 412–445.

Swaminathan, Padmini (1995): Prison as Factory: A Study of Jail Manufactures in the Madras

Presidency. In: Studies in History 11, pp. 77–100.

Thompson, E. P. (1967): Time, Work-Discipline, and Industrial Capitalism. In: Past and Present 38

(December), pp. 56–97.

Tiquet, Romain (2019): Connecting the “Inside” and the “Outside” World. Convict Labour and Mobile

Penal Camps in Colonial Senegal (1930s–1950s). In: Int Rev of Soc His 1307, pp. 1–19. DOI:

10.1017/S0020859019000373.



Vito, de Christian G. (2013): Writing a Global History of Convict Labour. In: IRSH 58, pp. 285–325.

Vito, Christian G. de; Lichtenstein, Alex (eds) (2015): Global Convict Labour. Leiden [u.a.]: BRILL

(Studies in Global Social History, 19).

Vito, Christian G. de (2018): Punishment and Labour Relations. Cuba between Abolition and Empire

(1835-1886). In: Crime, Histoire & Sociétes/ Crime, History & Societies 22 (1), pp. 53–79.



42

Webster, Cheryl Marie (2003): Working for 'Good Order and Discipline': The Impact of Mandatory

Convict Labour on the Maintenance of Orderly Prison Life in Contemporary Portugal. PhD Thesis,

Toronto. Centre of Criminology.

LABOUR: SECONDARY LITERATURE, CONT.Yang, Anand A. (2003): Indian Convict Workers in Southeast Asia in the late 18th and early 19th

centuries. In: Journal of World History 14 (2), pp. 179–208.

PRISON SYSTEM







Times of India (May 26th, 1876): Contemporary Opinion. Life Convicts. In: Times of India, May 26th,

1876, p. 4.



Sunday at Home, A. senior Chaplain (1881): Annals of Prison life in India. In: Sunday at Home, 1414

(May 28), p. 346.

Times of India:

(1881): A walk through an Indian Gaol. In: Times of India, 27.09.1881, p. 2.

(1882): Indian Gaols. In: Times of India, 20.12.1882, p. 5.

(1891): The Riot at Benares. In: Times of India, 20.04.1891, p. 5.

(1909): U.P. Jails. Effects of Famine. In: Times of India, 07.07.1909, p. 4.

(April 25th, 1930): Riot in Alipore Central Jail. Warders Stoned. Prisoners Refuse to Obey



43

TOI_Some more Jail Birds_1889.

(July 5th, 1910): The Fatehgarh Jail Riot. Government Resolution. In: Times of India, July 5th, 1910, p. 5.

(June 18th, 1912): Improved Penology. Its Application in India. In: Times of India, June 18th, 1912, p. 7.

PRISON SYSTEM: SOURCES, CONT.(May 3rd, 1921): Jail Administration. In: Times of India, May 3rd, 1921, p. 6.

(September 30th, 1936): Jails in India. Reforms carried out since 1920. In: Times of India, September

30th, 1936, p. 4.

(April 17th, 1940): Fire opened on Convicts. Sind & Multan Riots; Jail Officials Injured. In: Times of

India, April 17th, 1940, p. 1.

SECONDARY LITERATURE:Anderson, Clare (2001): Fashioning Identities: Convict Dress in Colonial South and Southeast Asia. In:


Anderson, Clare (2007): The Indian Uprising of 1857-8. Prisons, Prisoners and Rebellion. London:


Singha, Radhika (1995): 'No needless pains or unintended pleasures': penal reform in the colony, 1825-

1845'. In: Studies in History 11, pp. 29–76.

Yang, Anand A. (1987): Discipling Colonial India: The Technology of Punishment in the Early

Nineteenth Century. Association for Asian Studies. Boston, 10.04.1987.

STAFF









44

Government of India (01.06.1905): Pay of Indian Medical Service officers in the Jail Department. British


TAXONOMY







Howell, A. P. (1869): Note on jails and jail discipline in India, 1867 - 68. British Library; archive.org,

BL: IOR/V/27/170/1.



Mouat, Frederic J. (1876): On international Prison Statistic. In: Journal of the Statistical Society of

London 39 (2), pp. 311-331.

Mouat, Frederic J. (1891): On Prison ethics and prison labour. In: Journal of the Statistical Society of

London 54 (2), pp. 213-262.

Mouat, Frederic J. (1892): International Prison Statistics. In: Journal of the Royal Statistical Society 55

(4), pp. 658–668.

TAXONOMY: SOURCES, CONT.Starte, O.H.B. (1933): Reformation of Offender in India. A Handbook for the use of Workers amongst


#Statistics of the North-West Provinces in British India (1851). In: Journal of the Statistical Society of

London 14 (4), pp. 345–347.



45

TAXONOMY, CONT.SECONDARY LITERATURE:Note: the following includes also secondary literature on non-Indian contexts

Anderson, Clare (1997): The Genealogy of the Modern Subject: Indian Convicts in Mauritius, 1814-1853.

In: Ian Duffield and James Bradley (eds): Representing Convicts. London: Leicester University Press, pp.

164–182.

Caplan, Jane; Torpey, John (2001): Documenting individual identity. The development of state practices

in the modern world. Princeton, N.J., Chichester: Princeton University Press.

Corrigan, J.Robert: Prison Registers | Clan Corrigan. Online: http://clancorrigan.ca/exiled-to-

australia/prison-registers/.

findmypost.com.au: Victoria Prison Registers 1871-1960. Online:

http://www.findmypast.com.au/articles/world-records/full-list-of-australia-and-new-zealand-

records/institutions-and-organisations/victoria-prison-registers-1871-1960.

Hacking, Ian (1975): The emergence of probability. A philosophical study of early ideas about

probability, induction and statistical inference. London, New York: Cambridge University Press.

Singha, Radhika (2000): Settle, Mobilze, Verify: Identification Practices in Colonial India. In: Studies in

History 16 (2, n.s.), pp. 151–198.

Smith, Richard Saumarez (1996): Rule by records. Land registration and village custom in early British

Panjab. Delhi: Oxford University Press.





46

TRANSPORTATION, ANDAMAN ISLANDS, AND BANISHMENT







Adam, Hargrave Lee (1909): The Indian criminal. archive.org.

anonymous (1921): Jails which failed in the Andamans. In: The Times of India, 20.04.1921, p. 14.

Cockerell, Horace A. (06.02.1882): Letter to the SECRETARY to the GOVERNMENT of India, Home

Department. National Archives of India, Delhi, Home Department, Judicial Branch,

Consultation/Collection February 1882, No. 281-282.

Heindl, Robert (1913): Meine Reise nach den Strafkolonien : mit vielen Originalaufnahmen. Berlin [u.a.]:

Ullstein.

Heindl, Robert (1922): Penal Settlement and Colonization. In: Journal of the American Institute of

Criminal Law and Criminology 13 (1), pp. 56–60.









Times of India (May 26th, 1876): Contemporary Opinion. Life Convicts. In: Times of India, May 26th,

1876, p. 4.



47

TRANSPORTATION, ANDAMAN ISLANDS, AND BANISHMENT: SOURCES, CONT.SECONDARY LITERATURE:Anderson, Clare (1997): The Genealogy of the Modern Subject: Indian Convicts in Mauritius, 1814-1853.

In: Ian Duffield and James Bradley (eds): Representing Convicts. London: Leicester University Press, pp.

164–182.

Anderson, Clare (2000): Convicts in the Indian Ocean. Transportation from South Asia to Mauritius,

1815-53. London, Basingstoke: Macmillan Publishers Limited; Macmillan Distribution Limited

[Distributor].



Anderson, Clare (2003): The politics of convict space. Indian penal settlements and the Andaman Islands.

In: Carolyn Strange and Alison Bashford (eds): Isolation. Places and Practices of exclusion. London:

Routledge, pp. 40–55.

Anderson, Clare (2004): Legible bodies. Race, criminality and colonialism in South Asia. Oxford: Berg.

Anderson, Clare (2007): Sepoys, Servants and Settlers: Convict Transportation in the Indian Ocean,

1787-1945. In: Frank Dikötter and Ian Brown (eds): Cultures of Confinement. A History of the Prison in

Africa, Asia and Latin America. London: Hurst and Company, pp. 186–220.

Anderson, Clare (2007): The Indian Uprising of 1857-8. Prisons, Prisoners and Rebellion. London:


Anderson, Clare (2008 (published online: 2015)): The Politics of Punishment in Colonial Mauritius,

1766–1887. In: Cultural and Social History 5 (4), pp. 411–422. DOI: 10.2752/147800408X341622.


In: FSLA 30 (1), pp. 93–109. DOI: 10.1080/01440390802673856.

Anderson, Clare (2012): Subaltern lives. Biographies of colonialism in the Indian Ocean world, 1790-

1920. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (Critical Perspectives on Empire).

Anderson, Clare (2016): ‘The Ferringees are flying—the ship is ours! ’. In: Indian Economic & Social

History Review 42 (2), pp. 143–186. DOI: 10.1177/001946460504200201.



48

TRANSPORTATION, ANDAMAN ISLANDS, AND BANISHMENT: SECONDARY LITERATURE, CONT.Anderson, Clare (2018): The Andaman Islands Penal Colony. Race, Class, Criminality, and the British

Empire. In: International Review of Social History 63 (S26), pp. 25–43. DOI:

10.1017/S0020859018000202.

Anderson, Clare (2018): The British Indian Empire, 1789-1939. In: Clare Anderson (Ed.): A global

history of convicts and penal colonies. London: Bloomsbury Academic, pp. 211–243.

Anderson, Clare (2019): Convicts, Commodities, and Connections in British Asia and the Indian Ocean,

1789–1866. In: International Review of Social History 64 (S27), pp. 205–227. DOI:

10.1017/S0020859019000129.

Anderson, Clare (Ed.) (2018): A global history of convicts and penal colonies. London: Bloomsbury

Academic.

Anderson, Clare, Website: www.convictvoyages.org

Sen, Satadru (1998): Punishment and Society in Colonial India: The Penal Settlement in the Andaman

Andamans, 1858/1898. Dissertation. University of Washington, Washington, D.C. Deptartment of

History.

Sen, Satadru (1999): Policing the Savage: Segregation, Labor and State Medicine in the Andamans. In:

The Journal of Asian Studies 58 (3), pp. 753–773.

Sen, Satadru (2004): Contexts, Representation and the Colonized Convict: Maulana Thanesari in the

Andaman Islands. In: Histoire & Sociétés / Crime, History & Societies 8 (2), pp. 117–139. DOI:

10.4000/chs.467.

Sen, Satadru (2010): Savagery and colonialism in the Indian Ocean. Power, pleasure and the Andaman

Islanders. 1. publ. London: Routledge (Routledge/Edinburgh South Asian studies series, 2).

Srivastava, Pramod Kumar (2003): Resistance and repression in India: the hunger strike at the Andaman

cellular jail in 1933. In: Crime, Histoire & Sociétes/ Crime, History & Societies 7 (2), pp. 2–20.

Vaidik, Aparna (2010): Imperial Andamans. Colonial Encounter and Island History. London [u.a.]:

Palgrave Macmillan (Cambridge Imperial and Post-Colonial Studies Series).

Vito, Christian G. de; Anderson, Clare; Bosma, Ulbe (2018): Transportation, Deportation and Exile.

Perspectives from the Colonies in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries. In: International Review of

Social History 63 (S26), pp. 1–24. DOI: 10.1017/S0020859018000196.



49

TRANSPORTATION, ANDAMAN ISLANDS, AND BANISHMENT: SECONDARY LITERATURE, CONT.Yang, Anand A. (1987): Disciplining Natives: Prisons and Prisoners in Early Nineteenth Century India.


ACTS, LAWS, LEGAL HISTORY

Note: This is a select list.

SOURCES:Note: See also: Jail Manuals, Rules on the Management of Prisons for Prison Acts, Prisoners Acts and

other acts pertaining to prisons and other places of incarceration. This is a select list.

Government of India: The Indian Penal Code, 1860. Act No. 45 of 1860. Fundstelle: Internet.

Government of India: The Prisons Act 1894.

Government of India (1900): The Prisoners Act, 1900.

Government of India (01.01.1937): The Indian Law Report. Lucknow Series. Vol. XII. British Library,

IOR/V/22/370.

Government of India (01.01.1937): The Indian Law Reports, Allahabad Series. British Library,

IOR/E/4/836.

Macaulay, Thomas Babington (1898): The Complete Works: Philadelphia.

Pollock, F.; Stone, A. P.; Macpherson, W.; Cowell, H.; Talbot, A. M.; Great Britain. Privy Council.

Judicial Committee; Incorporated Council of Law Reporting for England and Wales (1907): The Law

Reports. Indian Appeals: Being Cases in the Privy Council on Appeal from the East Indies: Council of

Law Reporting (v. 34). Online: http://books.google.de/books?id=Q5kyAAAAIAAJ.

Prasad, Kumar (ed.) (1917): The selected decisions of the Chief Court Benares State, Vol. I, 1911-12.

British Library.

Prinsep, H. T. (1882): Code of Criminal Procedure (Act X of 1882) and Other Laws and Rules of Practice

Relating to Procedure in the Criminal Courts of British India with Notes. archive.org.

United Provinces of Agra and Oudh (India). High Court of Judicature (1900): The law list for the North-

Western Provinces. archive.org.



50

ACTS, LAWS, LEGAL HISTORY: SOURCES, CONT.United Provinces of Agra and Oudh [India]. High Court of Judicature, Moonshee Hanooman Pershad

[reporter.], Lalla Lalita Pershad [reporter.] (1867): Agra Full Bench Rulings, 1866-67. googlebooks.

United Provinces. Home Department (Jails) (1944): United Provinces Security Prisoners' rules. British

Library, IOR/V/27/171/97.

Wilson, Horace Hayman (1940): A Glossary of Judicial and Revenue Terms, and of Useful Words

Occurring in Official Documents Relating to the Administration of the Government of British India, From

the Arabic, Persian, Hindustáni, Sanskrit, Hindi, Bengáli, Uriya, Maráthi, Guzaráthi, Telugu, Karnáta,

Tamil, Malayálam, and other Languages. Unter Mitarbeit von Ganguli, A.C., Basu, N.D. Calcutta:

Eastern Law House.

SECONDARY LITERATURE:Banerjee, Tapas Kumar (1963): Background to Indian Criminal Law. Bombay.

Cale, Michelle (op. 1996): Law and society. An introduction to sources for criminal and legal history

from 1800. Kew, Surrey: PRO Publications (Public record office readers' guide, 14).

Cohn, Bernard S. (1965): Anthropological Notes on Disputes and Law in India. In: American

Anthropologist 67 (6), pp. 82–122. DOI: 10.2307/668841.

Derret, John Duncan M. (1973): Dharmashastra and Juridicial Literature. Wiesbaden: Harrasowitz.

Fisch, Jörg (1983): Cheap lives and dear limbs: The British transformation of the Bengal criminal law

1769 - 1817. 79. Aufl. Wiesbaden: Steiner (Beiträge zur Südasienforschung).

Gaur, K. D. (2009): Textbook on the Indian Penal Code: Universal Law Publishing Company. Online:

https://books.google.de/books?id=WnnxzkV2mk0C.

Knox-Mawer, R. (1955): The Indian Penal Code: A Reappraisal and Re-Enactment. In: The International

and Comparative Law Quarterly 4 (4), pp. 548–550.

Kolsky, Elisabeth (2005): A note on the Study of Indian Legal History. In: Law and History Review 23

(3), pp. 703–706.

Kolsky, Elizabeth (2005): Codification and the Rule of Colonial Difference: Criminal Procedure in

British India. In: Law hist. rev. 23 (03), pp. 631–683. DOI: 10.1017/S0738248000000596.



51

ACTS, LAWS, LEGAL HISTORY: SECONDARY LITERATURE, CONT.Kolsky, Elizabeth (2010): Colonial justice in British India. Cambridge [u.a.]: Cambridge Univ. Press

(Cambridge studies in Indian history and society).

Morrison, Charles (1972): Munshis and Their Masters: The Organization of an Occupational Relationship

in the Indian Legal System. In: The Journal of Asian Studies 31 (2), pp. 309–328.

Muldoon, Andrew (2009): Empire, politics and the creation of the 1935 India Act. Last act of the Raj.

Surrey, Burlington: Ashgate.

Nijhar, Preeti (2009): Law and imperialism. Criminality and constitution in colonial India and Victorian

England. London, Brookfield, Vt: Pickering & Chatto (Empires in perspective, no. 10).

Singh Gour, Hari (1978): The Penal Law of India: Law Publishers, Allahabad.

Skuy, David (1998): Macaulay and the Indian Penal Code of 1862. In: Modern Asian Studies 32 (3), pp.

513–557.

Smith, Richard Saumarez (1985): Rule-By-Records and Rule-By-Reports: Complementary Aspects of the

British Imperial Rule of Law. In: Contributions to Indian Sociology 19 (1), 153-176.

COURTS

See also: Acts, Laws, Legal History

SOURCES:Bengal [India]. Courts (1856): Circular Orders of the Court of Sudder Dewanny Adawlut, for the North

Western Provinces, from 1795-1855, Inclusive … with an Index. Googlebooks.

Ghosal, J. (01.01.1910): Celebrated trials in India, compiled by J. Ghosal, Vol. II, Part I, Bhowanipore,

publ. By S. Banerjee, Manomohan Press, 1910. British Library.

Government of India (01.01.1883): North-West Provinces + Oudh, Judicial Proceedings. Criminal and

Civil and Infanticide. British Library, IOR/P/2002.

Government of India (27.02.1908): House of Commons question on prohibiting the handcuffing of

political prisoners while on trial. British Library, IOR/L/PJ/6/852, File 730.



52

COURTS: SOURCES, CONT.Government of India, Home department; Police Branch (06.04.1911): Police illtreatment; under trial

prisoners and the conduct of lock-ups. British Library, IOR/L/PJ/6/1186, File 3218. Appendix I. Judging

by statistical results, page 1; Excerpts: The United Provinces.

Government of India (27.04.1911-17.09.1914): Police ill-treatment; under trial prisoners and the conduct

of lock-ups. British Library, IOR/L/PJ/6/1186, File 3218.

Government of India (Sep 1915-Sep 1918): Benares Conspiracy Cases; judgements of the Special

Tribunal. British Library, IOR/L/PJ/6/1434, File 1381.

Government of India (Sep 1925-Nov 1927): The Kakori Train Dacoity Case: High Court proceedings and

judgments; newspaper extracts. British Library, IOR/L/PJ/6/1910, File 2226.

Gross; Hans; 1847-1915: Criminal investigation, a practical handbook for magistrates, police officers and

India. High Court; Oudh. Court of the Judicial Commissioner; Great Britain. Privy Council. Judicial

Committee (1905): The Indian Law Reports: Allahabad Series. Containing Cases Determined by the High

Court at Allahabad and by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council on Appeal from that Court and

from the Court of the Judicial Commissioner of Oudh: Superintendent, Government Press, and pub. under

the authority of the Governor General in Council (v. 6). Online: http://books.google.de/books?id=-

3QrAQAAMAAJ.

India. Judicial Department (19.03.1845): Criminal Justice. North-Western Provinces., IOR/E/4/782 file

183.

Sykes, W. H. (1846): Statistics of the Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice in British India from

1841 to 1844, both inclusive. archive.org.

Thornhill, Mark (1884): The personal adventures and experiences of a magistrate during the rise,

progress, and suppression of the Indian mutiny. archive.org.

Times of India (December 21st, 1929): Convicts Attack a Police Officer. Sensation in Court. In: Times of

India, December 21st, 1929, p. 21.

unknown (1789): Some idea of the civil & criminal courts of justice at Moorshoodabad, in a letter to

Capt. John Hawkshaw, at Behrampore, of the 30th Mai 1789. Calcutta.



53

COURTS: SOURCES, CONT.Wilson, Horace Hayman (1940): A Glossary of Judicial and Revenue Terms, and of Useful Words

Occurring in Official Documents Relating to the Administration of the Government of British India, From

the Arabic, Persian, Hindustáni, Sanskrit, Hindi, Bengáli, Uriya, Maráthi, Guzaráthi, Telugu, Karnáta,

Tamil, Malayálam, and other Languages. Unter Mitarbeit von Ganguli, A.C., Basu, N.D. Calcutta:

Eastern Law House.

SECONDARY LITERATURE:Note: This is a select list.

Benton, Lauren (2010): Elizabeth Kolsky, Colonial Justice in British India: White Violence and the Rule

of Law, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010. Pp. 266. $95.00 (ISBN 978-0-521-11686-2). In:

Law hist. rev. 28 (04), pp. 1101–1103. DOI: 10.1017/S0738248010000945.

Buckingham, Jane (2005): 'To make the precendent fit the crime': British legal responses to sati in early

nineteenth-century north India. In: Barry Godfrey and Graeme Dunstall (eds): Crime and Empire 1840-

1940. Criminal Justice in Local and Global Context. Cullompton: Willan Pub., pp. 189–216.

PRE-COLONIAL PRISONS AND PRISONS IN AREAS NOT UNDER BRITISH CONTROL IN INDIA

SECONDARY LITERATURE:Agrawal, K. M. (1990): Kautilya on Crime and Punishment. Almora: Shree Almora Book Depot.

Campbell, George (1852): Modern India: A sketch of the System of Civil Government. To which is

prefixed some Account of the Natives and Native Institutions. Googlebooks.

Das, Sukla (1977): Crime and Punishment in Ancient India. (C A.D. 300 to A.D. 1100). Delhi: Abhinav

Publications.

Gordon, Stewart (1979): Forts and Social Control in the Maratha State. In: Modern Asian Studies 13 (1),

pp. 1–17.

Guha, Sumit (1995): An Indian Penal Régime: Maharashtra in the Eighteenth Century. In: Past and

Present 147, pp. 101–126.

Gune, Vithal Trimbak (1953): Judicial System of the Marathas (1953). [A detailed study of the Judicial

Institutions in Maharashtra, from 1600 - 1818 A.D., based on original decisions called Mahzars,

*Nivadpatras and official orders.]. Poona: Deccan College (Deccan College Dissertation Series, 12).



54

PRE-COLONIAL PRISONS AND PRISONS IN AREAS NOT UNDER BRITISH CONTROL IN INDIA: SECONDARYLITERATURE, CONT.Olivelle, P. (2011): Penance and Punishment: Marking the Body in Criminal Law and Social Ideology of

Ancient India. In: The Journal of Hindu Studies 4 (1), pp. 23–41. DOI: 10.1093/jhs/hir011.

Sangar, Satya Prakash (1967): Crime and Punishment in Mughal India. Delhi: Sterling Publishers.

NORTH-WESTERN PROVINCES/UNITED PROVINCES

SOURCES:anonymous (1869): Notes on the North-western Provinces of India by a District Officer. archive.org.

Clark, Stewart (1868): History of the Central Prisons of the North-Western Provinces. Compilation of

report and replies: a) Report No. 127, 1860 by Stewart Clark Inspector- General of Рrisons, North-

Western Provinces, tо George Couper, Esq. C.B. Secretaгy to Government, N. - W Provinces dated

Nynee Tal, the 3rd September 1860 b) Reply No. 2175А. оf 1861, from Sir George Couper, Baronet,

Secretary to Government, N.- W. Provinces, to S. Clark Esquire, Inspector- General of Prisons, North-

Western Provinces. Dated Nynee Tal, the 20th August, 1861. c) Letter from Sir George Couper, Baronet,

Secretary to Government, N. W. Provinces, tо W. Grey, Esquire, Secretary to Government of India,

Home Department., dated Nynee Tal, 25th July 1861 d) (COPY.) No. 2048. Extract frоm the Proceedings

of the Right Honorable the Governor-General of India in Council, in the Home Department, (Judicial),

under date the 21st April, 1862. e) No. 1265А. of 1862, General Department, N.-W. Provinces, dated

Nynee Tal, the 9th of Jay, 1862. Received, 1th May 1862. British Library (IOR/L/PJ/6/726, File

185; V/27/170/8).

Colvin, J.R., Lieutenant Governor, North West Provinces (1857): Report of Mr. F.C. Mayne on

introduction of messing system into Banda jail considered highly satisfactory by. British Library,

IOR/Z/E/4/29/C1231.

Colvin, John Russell, Lieutenant Governor of the North West Provinces (01.01.1857): Observations on

Crimes in Benares. British Library, IOR/Z/E/4/30/C982; See entry at IOR/E/4/846, p362.

Crooke, William (1897): The North-Western Provinces of India; Their History, Ethnology, and

Administration. archive.org.



55

NORTH-WESTERN PROVINCES/UNITED PROVINCES: SOURCES, CONT.(Select list:

Government of India (01.01.1928): United Provinces Proceedings. British Library, IOR/P/11722.



Government of India (01.01.1935): United Provinces Proceedings. British Library, IOR/P/12067.))

Government of India (29.05.1862): Report of police administration in the N.-W. Provinces for 1861.

www.archive.org.

Government of India (1864): Report of the administration of the North-Western Provinces for the years

1863-1864; 1864-1865; 1865-1866; 1866-1867. googlebooks.

Government of India (1901): Report of the Administration of the N.-W. Provinces and Oudh, for the year

ending 31st March 1900.

Government of India: Report on the Administration of the United Provinces 1937-38. archive.org. In:

Superintendent, Printing and Stationary, United Provinces.

Henvey, Frederick (1871): A Narrative of the Drought and Famine which Prevailed in the North-West

Provinces during the Years 1868, 1869, and Beginning of 1870. archive.org; googlebooks.

India. Judicial Department (19.03.1845): Criminal Justice. North-Western Provinces., IOR/E/4/782 file

183. General crime and prison statistics, as well as report on jails in N.W. Provinces.

Kitts, Eustace John (1889): Serious crime in an Indian province : being a record of the graver crimes

committed in the North-western Provinces and Oudh during eleven years, 1876-1886, with three

statistical appendices. www.archive.org.

Leake, Martin H. (1921): The Bases of Agricultural Practice and Economics in the United Provinces,

India. archive.org.

Muir, W.; Coldstream, W.; India. Intelligence Dept., Agra (1902): Records of the Intelligence Department

of the Government of the North-west Provinces of India During the Mutiny of 1857: T. & T. Clark (Bd.

1). Online: http://books.google.de/books?id=WvgdAAAAMAAJ.



56

NORTH-WESTERN PROVINCES/UNITED PROVINCES: SOURCES, CONT.North-Western Provinces. Board of Revenue (1873): Selections from Revenue Records, North-West

Provinces: North-Western Provinces' Government Press. Online:

http://books.google.de/books?id=bXEIAAAAQAAJ.

unknown (1842): North-West Provinces. In: The Bombay Times and Journal of Commerce, 30.06.1842.

unknown (1875): History of the Province of Benares: Carruthers. Online:

http://books.google.de/books?id=yyEYAAAAYAAJ.

THEORY

Note: This is a select list of theories on prisons.

Foucault, Michel (1966): Des Espace Autres. France-Culture, 12.07.1966. Online:

http://foucault.info/documents/heterotopia/foucault.heterotopia.en.html.

Foucault, Michel (1975): Surveiller et Punir. Naissance de la Prison: Gallimard.

Foucault, Michel (1979): Discipline and Punish. The Birth of the prison. Translated by Alan Sheridan.

New York: Vintage Books.

Foucault, Michel (1992): Andere Räume. In: Karlheinz u.a. Barck (eds): Aisthesis. Wahrnehmung heute

oder Perspektiven einer anderen Ästhetik. Leipzig, pp. 34–46.

Galtung, Johan (1958): The Social Functions of a Prison. In: Social Problems 6 (2), pp. 127–140.

Goffman, Erving (1956): The Presentation of Self in Everyday life: University of Edinburgh, Social

Science Research Centre.

Goffman, Erving (1958): Characteristics of total institutions. In: Walter Reed Army Medical Center and

National Research Council (Ed.): Symposium on Preventive and Social Psychiatry: U.S. Government

Printing Office, pp. 43–93.

Goffman, Erving (1961): Asylums. Essays on the Social Situation of Mental Patients and Other Inmates.

Harmondsworth, England: Penguin Books Ltd.

http://books.google.de/books?id=yyEYAAAAYAAJ



57

THEORY, CONT.Gordon, Colin (Ed.) (1980): Power/knowledge. a selected interviews and other writings 1972-77. Michael

Foucault. Unter Mitarbeit von Colin (ed.) Gordon. New York: Pantheon Books.

Interviewers: editorial collective of 'Les révoltes logiques - Jean Borreil, Geneviève Fraisse, Jacques

Rancière, Pierre Saint-Germain, Michel Souletie, Patrick Vauday, Patrice Vermeren (1980): Powers and

Strategies. In: Colin Gordon (Ed.): Power/knowledge. a selected interviews and other writings 1972-77.

Michael Foucault. Unter Mitarbeit von Colin (ed.) Gordon. New York: Pantheon Books, pp. 134–145.

Rusche, Georg; Kirchheimer, Otto (1939): Punishment and Social Structure: New York: Columbia

University Press.

Sellin, Thorsten (1931): A Brief Guide to Penological Literature. In: Annals of the American Academy of

Political and Social Science 157, Prisons of tomorrow.

Spierenburg, Petrus Cornelis (2013): Violence and punishment. Civilizing the body through time. Second

edition. Cambridge, UK, Malden, MA: Polity.

Spierenburg, Petrus Cornelis (2017): Writing a Global History of Crime and Punishment: The Great

Challenge. In: Crime, Histoire & Sociétes/ Crime, History & Societies 21 (2), pp. 31–39.

NON-INDIAN CONTEXTS

Note: This is a select list.

SECONDARY LITERATURE:Aguirre, Carlos (1996): The Lima Penitentiary and the Modernization of Criminal Justice in Nineteenth-

Century Peru. In: Ricardo Donato Salvatore and Carlos Aguirre (eds): The birth of the penitentiary in

Latin America. Essays on criminology, prison reform, and social control, 1830-1940. 1st ed. Austin:

University of Texas Press; Institute of Latin American Studies (New interpretations of Latin America

series), pp. 44–77.

Ahner, Friedrich Wilhelm (1921): Die Entwicklung des Gefängniswesens im Lande Braunschweig : ein

Beitrag zur Geschichte der Freiheitsstrafe. Wolfenbüttel.

Alber, Jan (Ed.) (2009): Stones of law, bricks of shame. Narrating imprisonment in the Victorian age.

Unter Mitarbeit von Frank Lauterbach. Toronto [u.a.]: Univ. of Toronto Press.



58

NON-INDIAN CONTEXTS: SECONDARY LITERATURE, CONT.Alt, Karl (1946): Todeskandidaten : Erlebnisse eines Seelsorgers im Gefängnis München-Stadelheim mit

zahlreichen im Hitlerreich zum Tode verurteilten Männern und Frauen. München: Neubau-Verl. Gross.

Ammerer, Gerhard (Ed.) (2003): Gefängnis und Gesellschaft : zur (Vor-)Geschichte der strafenden

Einsperrung. Leipzig: Leipziger Univ.-Verl (Comparativ : C).

Ammerer, Gerhard (Ed.) (2010): Orte der Verwahrung : die innere Organisation von Gefängnissen,

Hospitälern und Klöstern seit dem Spätmittelalter. [Leipzig]: Leipziger Univ.-Verl (Geschlossene Häuser

: historische Studien zu Institutionen und Orten der Separierung, Verwahrung und Bestrafung).

Bakken, Børge (2007): Introduction: Crime, Control, and Modernity in China. In: Børge Bakken (Ed.):

Crime, punishment, and policing in China. First pbk. ed. Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield

(Asia/Pacific/perspectives), pp. 1–28.

Bakken, Børge (Ed.) (2007): Crime, punishment, and policing in China. First pbk. ed. Lanham, Md.:

Rowman & Littlefield (Asia/Pacific/perspectives).

Beaumont, G. de; Tocqueville, Alexis de (1833): Beaumont and Tocqueville_Origin and Outline of the

Penitentiary System in the United States of North America. Translated and abridged from the French

official Report by Wiliam B. Sarsfield Taylor. London.

Behrend, Friedrich Jakob (1859): Geschichte der Gefängnissreform : Vereinigte Staaten, Grossbritannien,

Irland. Berlin: Brigl & Lobeck.

Bender, John B. (1987): Imagining the penitentiary : fiction and the architecture of mind in 18th-century

England. Chicago, Ill. [u.a.]: Univ. of Chicago Press.

Bernault, Florence (1999): Enfermement, prison et châtiments en Afrique. Du 19e siècle á nos jours.

Paris: Éditions Karthala.

Bernault, Florence (Ed.) (2003): A History of Prison and confinement in Africa. Portsmouth: Heinemann

(Social History of Africa).

Bretas, Marcos Luiz (1996): What the Eyes Can't see: Stories from Rio de Janeiro's Prisons. In: Ricardo

Donato Salvatore and Carlos Aguirre (eds): The birth of the penitentiary in Latin America. Essays on

criminology, prison reform, and social control, 1830-1940. 1st ed. Austin: University of Texas Press;

Institute of Latin American Studies (New interpretations of Latin America series), pp. 101–122.



59

NON-INDIAN CONTEXTS: SECONDARY LITERATURE, CONT.Brewer, John (1989, ©1988): The sinews of power. War, money, and the English state, 1688-1783. 1st

American ed. New York: Knopf.

Brown, Alyson (2003): English society and the prison: time, culture and politics in the development of

the modern prison, 1850 - 1920. Woodbridge [u.a.]: The Boydell Press.

Buffington, Robert (1996): Revolutionary Reform: Capitalist Development, Prison Reform, and

Executive Power in Mexico. In: Ricardo Donato Salvatore and Carlos Aguirre (eds): The birth of the

penitentiary in Latin America. Essays on criminology, prison reform, and social control, 1830-1940. 1st

ed. Austin: University of Texas Press; Institute of Latin American Studies (New interpretations of Latin

America series), pp. 169–193.

Buxton, Thomas Fowell (1818): An inquiry, whether crime and misery are produced or prevented, by our

present system of prison discipline. 1 Band. London: Arch.

Castieau, John Buckley; Finnane, Mark (2004): The difficulties of my position. The diaries of prison

governor John Buckley Castieau, 1855-1884. Canberra: National Library of Australia.

Churchill, David C. (2014): Rethinking the state monopolisation thesis : the historiography of policing

and criminal justice in nineteenth-century England. In: Crime, Histoire & Sociétes/ Crime, History &

Societies 18 (1), pp. 131–152.

Clemmer, Donald (1958): The Prison Community. New York: Holt, Rhinehart and Winston.

Cloward, Richard; Cressey, Donald R.; Grosser, George H.; McCleery, Richard; Ohlin, Lloyd E.; Sykes,

Gresham M.; Messinger, Sheldon L. (eds) (1960): Theoretical studies in social organization of the prison.

New York: Social Science Research Council (Bulletin / Social Science Research Council / Social Science

Research Council, USA).

Coates, Timothy J. (2014): Convict labor in the Portuguese empire, 1740-1932. Redefining the empire

with forced labor and new imperialism. Leiden: BRILL (European expansion and indigenous response,

volume 13).

Cooper, Robert Alan (1981): Jeremy Bentham, Elizabeth Fry, and English Prison Reform. In: Journal of

the History of Ideas 42 (4), pp. 675–690.

Da Cunha, M.I (2008): Closed Circuits: Kinship, Neighbourhood and Incarceration in Urban Portugal. In:

Ethnography 9 (3), pp. 325–350.



60

NON-INDIAN CONTEXTS: SECONDARY LITERATURE, CONT.Damousi, Joy (1997): "What punishment will be sufficient for these rebellious hussies?". Headshaving

and Convict Women in the Female Factories 1820s - 1840s. In: Ian Duffield and James Bradley (eds):


Davis, Angela Y.; Kautzer, Chad (2004): Law and Resistance in the Prisons of Empire: An Interview with

Angela Y. Davis. In: Peace Review 16 (3), pp. 339–347.

Demariaux, Jean Claude (1956): Les Secrets des Îles Poulo-Condore. Le grand bagne indochinois. Paris:

Peyronnet.

Dikötter, Frank (2002): Crime, Punishment and the Prison in Modern China. New York: Colombia

University Press.

Dikötter, Frank (2003): Cultures of Confinement. In: IIAS Newsletter (32).

Dikötter, Frank (2004): ‘A paradise for rascals’: Colonialism, punishment and the prison in Hong Kong

(1841-1898). In: Histoire & Sociétés / Crime, History & Societies 8 (1), pp. 49–63. DOI:

10.4000/chs.515.

Dikötter, Frank (2007): Introduction: The Prison in the World. In: Frank Dikötter and Ian Brown (eds):

Cultures of Confinement. A History of the Prison in Africa, Asia and Latin America. London: Hurst and

Company, pp. 1–13.

Dikötter, Frank (2007): Penology and Reformation in Modern China. In: Børge Bakken (Ed.): Crime,

punishment, and policing in China. First pbk. ed. Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield

(Asia/Pacific/perspectives), pp. 29–63.

Dikötter, Frank; Brown, Ian (eds) (2007): Cultures of Confinement. A History of the Prison in Africa,

Asia and Latin America. London: Hurst and Company.

Duffield, Ian; Bradley, James (eds) (1997): Representing Convicts. London: Leicester University Press.

Emsley, Clive (1994): Crime and society in England, 1750 - 1900. 6. Aufl. London [u.a.]: Longman.

Emsley, Clive; Knafla, Louis A. (1996): Crime history and histories of crime. Studies in the

historiography of crime and criminal justice in modern history. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press

(Contributions in criminology and penology, no. 48).



61

NON-INDIAN CONTEXTS: SECONDARY LITERATURE, CONT.Finzsch, Norbert (Ed.) (1996): Institutions of confinement : hospitals, asylums, and prisons in Western

Europe and North America, 1500 - 1950 ; [based on revised versions of papers delivered at a conference

held at the German Historical Institute in Washington, D.C., from June 6 - 9, 1992]. Unter Mitarbeit von

Robert Jütte. Cambridge [u.a.]: Cambridge Univ. Press.

Foucauld, Deidre (1982): Prison Labour. Punishment or Reform: The Canadian Penitentiary System 1867

- 1960. Master Thesis, Ottawa. Dept. of Criminology.

Fox, Lionel W. (1952): The English Prison and Borstal Systems. An account of the prison and Borstal

systems in England and Wales after the Criminal Justice Act 1948, with a historical introduction and an

examination of the principles of imprisonment as a legal punishment. London: Routledge & Kegan

Paul Ltd. (International Library of Sociology and Social Reconstruction).

Gennat, Georg (1906): Das Gefängniswesen Hamburgs : ein Überblick. Hamburg: Mauke.

Giraud, Pierre François Felix Joseph (1814): Histoire générale des prisons sous le règne de Buonaparte :

avec des anecdotes curieuses et intéressantes sur la conciergerie, Vincennes, Bicêtre, Sainte-Pélagie, la

force, le château de Joux … et les personnages marquans qui y ont été détenus. Paris: Eymery.

Godfrey, Barry; Dunstall, Graeme (eds) (2005): Crime and Empire 1840-1940. Criminal Justice in Local

and Global Context. Cullompton: Willan Pub.

Gottschalk, Marie (2006): The prison and the gallows. The politics of mass incarceration in America.

New York, NY [u.a.]: Cambridge Univ. Press.

Grau, Fritz (1931): Die Strafvollstreckung durch den preussischen Rechtspfleger unter besonderer

Berücksichtigung der neueren Verwaltungsvorschriften. 2. Aufl. Berlin: Stilke (Stilkes Rechtsbibliothek :

die Gesetze des Deutschen Reichs und der deutschen Länder mit systematischen Erläuterungen).

Grovier, Kelly (2008): The gaol : the story of Newgate. London's most notorious prison. London: Murray.

Hawkings, David T. (1988): Bound for Australia. Chichester, Sussex, North Sydney, NS. W., Australia:

Phillimore; Library of Australian History.

Hawkings, David T. (2011): Pauper ancestors. A guide to the records created by the poor laws in England

and Wales. Stroud: History Press.

Hay, Douglas (1989): Policing and prosecution in Britain 1750-1850. Oxford: Clarendon Press.



62

NON-INDIAN CONTEXTS: SECONDARY LITERATURE, CONT.Howse, Geoffrey (2012): History of London's Prisons. Barnsley, UK: Wharncliffe Books (Foul deeds and

suspicious deaths series).

Ignatieff, Michael (1978): A Just Measure of Pain. The Penitentiary in the Industrial Revolution, 1750-

1850. London: The Macmillan Press Ltd (The Critical Criminology Series).

Ireland, Richard W. (2007): 'A want of order and good discipline'. Rules, discretion and the Victorian

prison. Cardiff: University of Wales Press.

Jean, Martine (2019): Liberated Africans, Slaves, and Convict Labor in the Construction of Rio de

Janeiro's Casa de Correção. Atlantic Labor Regimes and Confinement in Brazil's Port City. In: Int Rev of

Soc His 64 (S27), pp. 173–204. DOI: 10.1017/S0020859019000105.

Kann, Mark E. (2005): Punishment, prisons, and patriarchy: liberty and power in the early American

republic. New York, NY [u.a.]: New York Univ. Press.

King, Peter (2006): Crime and law in England, 1750-1840. Remaking justice from the margins.

Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press (Past and present publications).

Konaté, Dior (2018): Prison architecture and punishment in colonial Senegal. Lanham, Maryland:

Lexington Books.

Langbein, J. H. (1977): Torture and the law of proof. Europe and England in the Ancien Regimé: The

University of Chicago Press.

Linebaugh, Peter (1991): The London hanged : crime and civil society in the eighteenth century. London

u.a: Lane u.a.

Martens, Andreas Ehrenfried (1823): Das Hamburgische Criminal-Gefängniss genannt das Spinnhaus und

die übrigen Gefängnisse der Stadt Hamburg nach ihrer innern Beschaffenheit und Einrichtung

beschrieben : nebst einigen Ansichten und Ideen über Verbesserung ähnlicher Anstalten überhaupt. The

Making of he Modern World.

Maxwell-Stewart, Hamish (1997): Convict Workers, "Penal Labour" and Sarah Island: Life at Macquarie

Harbour, 1822-1834. In: Ian Duffield and James Bradley (eds): Representing Convicts. London: Leicester

University Press, pp. 142–162.

Maxwell-Stewart, Hamish; Frost, Lucy (2001): Chain letters. Narrating convict lives. Carlton South, Vic.:

Melbourne University Press.



63

NON-INDIAN CONTEXTS: SECONDARY LITERATURE, CONT.Maynard, Margaret (1994): Fashioned from penury. Dress as cultural practice in colonial Australia.

Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (Studies in Australian history).

McKanna, C. V. (1985): Ethnics And San Quentin Prison Registers. A Comment On Methodology. In:

Journal of Social History 18 (3), pp. 477–482. DOI: 10.1353/jsh/18.3.477.

Miller, Vivien; Campbell, James (eds) (2014): Transnational Penal Cultures. New perspectives on

discipline, punishment and desistance. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis (Routledge SOLON Explorations in

Crime and Criminal Justice Histories).

Miron, Janet (2011): Prisons, asylums and the public : institutional visiting in the nineteenth century.

Toronto [u.a.]: Univ. of Toronto Press.

Moyer, W.H (1921): Self-Government. In: The Prison Journal, Pennsylvania Prison Society, pp. 8–10.

Naumann, Kai (2006): Gefängnis und Gesellschaft : Freiheitsentzug in Deutschland in Wissenschaft und

Praxis 1920-1960. Berlin [u.a.]: Lit_Verl (Forschungen zur Geschichte der Neuzeit : Marburger

Beiträge).

Ohl, J. F. (Ed.) (1921): Prison journal 1921_Pennsylvania Prison Soc. Unter Mitarbeit von L. KennethM.

Pray, Louis N. Robinson and John W. Ziegler. The Pennsylvania Prison Society.

Okun, Peter (2002): Crime and the nation : prison reform and popular fiction in Philadelphia, 1786-1800.

New York [u.a.]: Routledge.

Oldham, Wilfrid (1990): Britain's convicts to the colonies. Sydney: Library of Australian History.

Ortner, Helmut (1988): Gefängnis. Eine Einführung in seine Innenwelt : Geschichte, Alltag, Alternativen.

Weinheim: Beltz (Berufsfelder sozialer Arbeit, 6).

Oxley, Deborah (1997): Representing Convict Women. In: Ian Duffield and James Bradley (eds):


Palmer, Steven (1996): Confinement, Policing, and the Emergence of Social Policy in Costa Rica, 1880-

1935. In: Ricardo Donato Salvatore and Carlos Aguirre (eds): The birth of the penitentiary in Latin

America. Essays on criminology, prison reform, and social control, 1830-1940. 1st ed. Austin: University

of Texas Press; Institute of Latin American Studies (New interpretations of Latin America series), pp.

224–254.



64

NON-INDIAN CONTEXTS: SECONDARY LITERATURE, CONT.Perri, M. (2006): The Criminals of Lima and their World. The Prison Experience, 1850-1935. By Carlos

Aguirre (Durham and London: Duke University Press, 2005. xi plus 310 pp.). In: Journal of Social

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NON-INDIAN CONTEXTS: SECONDARY LITERATURE, CONT.Salvatore, Ricardo D. (1996): Penitentiaries, Visions of Class, and Export Economies: Brazil and

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NON-INDIAN CONTEXTS: SECONDARY LITERATURE, CONT.Shore, Heather (2002): Transportation, Penal Ideology and the Experience of Juvenile Offenders in

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NON-INDIAN CONTEXTS: SECONDARY LITERATURE, CONT.Wichern, Johann Hinrich (1905): Zur Gefängnis-Reform : Reden, Denkschriften und Gutachten über das

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