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Annotated Bibliography

Ahmed, Akbar. The Quaid: Jin nah and the Story of Pakistan. Oxford: Oxford University Press,1997.

This comic on Jinnah, in which Akbar provides a revisionist biography is basically an illustratedsummary of all the important milestones in Jinnah's life.

Ahmed, Akbar. Jin nah, Pakistan, and I slamic I denti ty: Th e Search f or Saladin . London:Routledge, 1997.

In this work, Akbar delves more deeply into issues he avoided in his other work, discussing atlength Jinnah's conversion, which he attributes to Iqbals influence as well as laying blame jointly onJinnahs and Congress's obstinacy.

Faruqi, Ziya-ul-Hasan. The Deoband School and th e Demand f or Pakistan. New York: AsiaPublishing House, 1963.

Faruqi probes into the role of the religious seminary in Deoband and its followers on Jinnah,since there is growing evidence that there were more than a few meetings in which Jinnah andDeobandis discussed the best way to form a state for the Muslims.

Hardy, Peter. Partners in F reedom and True Muslims: The Political T hought of Some M usli m Scholars in Bri tish In dia. Westport: Greenwood Press, 1980.

This is another work that examines the effect of other Muslim scholars on Jinnah.

Hasan, Mushirul. L egacy of a Divided Nation. Boulder: Westview Press, 1997. Mushirul Hasan is distinctly in opposition to the formation of Pakistan, so his thesis is based on

the notion that the Muslims and Hindus of India were in no way two different peoples, and that Jinnahwas tricked by Muslim religious scholars into supporting the formation of Pakistan; he thereforesupports the external influences position, similar to Qureshi below, but with a less favorable slant.

Jalal, Ayesha. The Sole Spokesman Ji nnah, the M uslim L egue and the Demand for Pakistan.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985.

Jalal argues that the partition of Pakistan was an enormous mistake, since Jinnah never intendedto rule an independent country, but used his demand for one as a bargaining chip for the British andCongress to give into his demands; arguing what is mainly a revisionist position, Jalal has invitedcriticism by both Pakistani and Indian historians, though she is nevertheless a proponent of the Jinnahas a secularist position.

Malik, Hafeez. I qbal: Poet-Phi losopher of Pakistan. New York: Columbia University Press, 1971. A series of lectures on Iqbal by those who knew him, this work illustrates Iqbal's and Jinnah's

relationship.

Metcalf, Barbara D. A Concise Hi story of I ndia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001. Metcalf presents a standard history of India, so that all the major events that are pertinent to

partition are concisely laid out.

Mujahid, Shafi al. Quaid-i-Azam: Studies in I nterpretation. Karachi: Quaid-i-Azam Academy,1981.

This book is a compilation of articles by Mujahid on many controversial questions regardingJinnah's life, such as whether he supported a secular Pakistan.

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Munir, Muhammad . Fr om Jinnah to Zia. Delhi: New Oriental Publisher, 1981. The chief justice of Pakistan from 1954 to 1960, Munir strongly opposed to view that Jinnah

demanded Pakistan for religious reasons; instead, he argues that social and political reasons were thecauses.

Naim, Choudhri Mohammed.I qbal, Jinnah, and Pakistan: Th e Vision and the Reali ty.

Syracuse:Syracuse University Press, 1979. Naim supports the position that Iqbal was the primary force that changed Jinnah's mind towards

a unified India, though the influence mainly stops there, according to Naim, since otherwise, they haddifferent outlooks towards what an independent Pakistan would entail.

Pirzada, Syed Sharifuddin. The Poli tics of the Jamiat Ulema-I -I slam Pakistan. Karachi: OxfordUniversity Press, 2000.

Although a comprehensive history of the Jamiat Islamist political party of Pakistan, this work explores the Jamiat's meetings with Jinnah, as well as the effects it had on him during his formative

phase.

Qureshi, Ishtiaq Hussain. A Short H istory of Pakistan, Book F our. Karachi: University of Karachi,1967.

The first education minister of Pakistan, Qureshi experienced many of the events of partitionfirst hand, though he draws mainly on other sources, mentioning incidents he had witnessed first-handonly when no other source is available; a supporter of the Muslim League, he supports the position thatMuslims and Hindus were two separate nations, and that once Jinnah realized this, he changed

positions.

Qureshi, Ishtiaq Hussain. The Struggle for Paki stan. Karachi: University of Karachi, 1969. This work discusses in detail Jinnah's thought and the history of the Muslim League; a good

reference for a beginner reader, it is unique because it presents arguments that are offered nowhere else,and since it draws on primary sources that Qureshi alone was in possession of until his death in 1981.

Qureshi, Ishtiaq Hussain. Ul ema in Politics. Karachi: University of Karachi, 1972. This work chronicles the role of the ulama in politics from as early as Delhi sultanate, through

the Mughals, to their role during partition; Qureshi favors the view that scholars such as Uthmani werea strong influence on Jinnah's subsequent turn to a stricter identification as a Muslim.

Sayeed, Khalid B. Pakistan: the F ormative Phase. London: Oxford University Press, 1968. A basic description of the events that led to Pakistan's formation, this work nevertheless sheds

some light into Jinnah's actions.

Singh, Jaswant. Jin nah: I ndia, Partition, I ndependence. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010. A stalwart BJP supporter and opponent to partition, Singh takes an interesting turn in arguing

that Jinnah was not the one to blame for partition; instead, he contends that Gandhi's increasingemployment of Hindu symbolism, along with Congress's inflexibility led to the inevitable turn of Jinnah to a divided India.

Wolpert, Stanley. A New Hi story of I ndia. New York: Oxford University Press, 1982. This is yet another standard Indian history text that presents the relevant events, including those

that led to partition.

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Wolpert, Stanley. Jin nah of Pakistan . Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1984. Arguably the foremost expert in India studies today, Wolpert wrote this work to be a concise,

objective, and absorbing biography of Jinnah.

Zaman, Qasim. The Ul ama in Contemporary I slam: Custodians of Change. Princeton: Princeton

University Press, 2002. Zaman depicts the ulama as a dynamic factor in Indian history quite different from the rigiditythey are often ascribed with; to prove his point, he looks at the role the ulama played in partition, inwhich they changed the face of the subcontinent.

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Primary Sources

1. Raja of Mahmudabad. "Some Memories," The Partition of India, Policies and Perspectives. Cambridge: M.I.T. Press, 1970. 340-3952. Gandhi, Mohandas. The Collected Works of Mahatma Gandhi. Ahmedabad: Navajivan Trust, 1964.3. Jinnah, Muhammad Ali. Quaid-I-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah Papers. Islamabad: Quaid-I-AzamPapers Project, 1993.4. Chagla, Mahommedali. Roses in December. Bombay: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, 1974.5. Pirzada, Syed Sharifuddin. Foundations of Pakistan: All-India Muslim League documents, 1906-1947. Karachi: National Publishing House, 1969.6. Uthmani, Zafar Ahmad. Maqalat-i-Uthmani . Lahore: Idarat Islamiyat, 2002, 11-17.7. Qureshi, Saleem. Jinnah, the founder of Pakistan: in the eyes of his contemporaries and hisdocumentary records at Lincoln's Inn. Karachi: Oxford University Press, 1998.8. Azad, Abdul Kalam. India Wins Freedom. Calcutta: Orient Longmans, 1988.9. Iqbal, Muhammad. Letters of Iqbal to Jinnah. Lahore: Shaikh Muhammad Ashraf, 1956.10. Jinnah, Muhammad Ali. Jinnah-Wavell correspondence. Lahore: University of the Punjab, 1961.11. Mountbatten, Louis. Mountbatten: facts about the partition revealed from the original documents. Lahore: Annoor Printers and Publishers, 1984.12. Mountbatten, Louis. Mountbatten and the Partition of India: interviews by Larry Collins and

Dominique Lapierre. New Delhi: Vikas, 1982.13. Mountbatten, Louis. Jinnah-Mountbatten correspondence. Lahore: University of the Punjab, 1961.14. Nehru, Jawaharlal. Jinnah-Nehru correspondence. Lahore: Book House, 1961.15. Khan, Liaquat Ali. Jinnah-Liaquat correspondence. Karachi: University of Karachi, 1963.16. Mountbatten, Louis. Mountbatten and Independent India. New Delhi: Vikas, 198416. Jinnah, Muhammad Ali. Jinnah-Linlithgow correspondence. Lahore: University of the Punjab,1959.17. Nehru, Jawarhalal. Toward Freedom: an Autobiography. New York: John Day, 1941.18. Nehru, Jawaharlal. The Discovery of India. Bombay: Asia Publishing House, 1961.19. Jinnah, Fatimah. My Brother . Karachi: Quaid-e-Azam Academy, 1987.20. Jinnah, Muhammad Ali. Quaid-i-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah Speeches as Governor General.Lahore: University of the Punjab, 1967.21. Jinnah, Muhammad Ali. Quaid-e-Azam and the Muslim World Selected Documents. Karachi: RoyalBook Company, 1990.22. Jinnah, Muhammad Ali. Plain Mr. Jinnah. Karachi: Royal Book Company, 1976.23. Jinnah, Muhammad Ali. Selected Speeches and Statements. Lahore: University of the Punjab, 1980.24. Jinnah, Muhammad Ali. The collected Works of Quaid-E-Azam. Karachi: East and West PublishingCompany, 1973.25. Jinnah, Muhammad Ali. Jinnah, Speeches and Statements, 1947-1948. Oxford: Oxford UniversityPress, 2009.26. Jinnah, Muhammad Ali. Quaid-e-Azam Jinnah's Correspondence. Karachi: East and WestPublishing Company, 1977.27. Ahmad, Jamil-ud-din. Quaid-i-Azam as Seen by his Contemporaries. Lahore: Publishers United,1976.28. Khurshid, K. H. Memories of Jinnah. Karachi: Oxford University Press, 1990.29. Rabbani, Ata. Jinnah through my Eyes. Lahore: Ferozsons Ltd., 2010.