Witches, Heretics, and Social Outcasts in EuropeEurope and its Outsiders c.1250-1550
Module code: HS3T39 Providing Department: History
Level H Number of credits: 20
Terms in which taught: Autumn or Spring Module convenor: Dr Helen Parish
Pre-requisites: None Co-requisites: None
Aims:
Topics involve the study of specific periods, subjects or types of history. This topic
aims to provide students with an understanding of the rise and spread of „deviance in
western Europe during the late medieval period.
Assessable outcomes:
By the end of the module it is expected that the student will be able to:
identify and explain the main issues and events studied
acquire a detailed knowledge of the events through extensive reading in
specialised literature
locate and assemble information on the subject by independent research
appraise critically the primary sources and historical interpretations of the subject
organise material and articulate arguments effectively in writing, both under timed
conditions and in assessed essays.
Additional outcomes:
The module also aims to encourage the development of oral communication skills and
the students effectiveness in group situations. Students will also develop their IT
skills by use of relevant web resources.
Outline content:
Late medieval Europe has been described as „a persecuting society in which the
enforcement of orthodox of belief and behaviour resulted in the exclusion and
persecution of individuals and groups as diverse as Christian heretics, Jews, women,
mystics, and witches. This Topic will examine the rise and spread of „deviance in
western Europe, and the strong reactions aroused by crimes as diverse as blasphemy,
witchcraft, and infanticide. It will consider the factors that underpinned the
determination of the authorities to define and enforce orthodoxies, and the methods
employed to bring about conversion and integration, from preaching missions to
segregation to persecution. Seminars will explore the treatment of various groups at
the hands of church and state, including witches, heretics (Cathars, Hussites and
Anabaptists), lepers, and Jews. Consideration will be given to the efforts made to
stamp out doctrinal error, superstition and magic, but also the degree to which
toleration was advocated and practiced. Specific case studies will be set within a more
general historiographical and theoretical context. Students will also be introduced to a
broad range of primary source materials, and encouraged to reflect upon the
difficulties posed by the use of such records.
2
Brief description of teaching and learning methods: Seminars for which students must carry out full preparatory reading and research.
Seminars rely on structured group discussion and may also include: seminar papers by
students; discussion of evidence; team-based exercises and debates; study visit to a
relevant location. Students are expected to carry out self-directed revision in the
Summer term. Staff will be available for consultation as necessary.
Contact hours:
Total hours 30 n/a
Other (eg major Seminar paper) see above n/a
Assessment:
Coursework
Students will write two essays of not more than 2,500 words, one to be submitted on
the Monday of week six of the term and the second on the Monday of week ten of the
term.
Electronic submission
The Department reserves the right to ask (via e-mail) for an electronic copy of any
essay (in addition to the hard copy). This allows for the calculation of an accurate
word count. In the unlikely event of any coursework showing signs of poor academic
practice, electronic submission allows work to be read by plagiarism-detecting
software. The electronic copy should be supplied within 48 hours of a first request
being made. In the event of any failure to supply an electronic copy within seven
days of the request, the department may impose standard penalties for late
submission.
Penalties for late submission
Penalties for late submission of coursework will be in accordance with University
policy.
Examinations
One two-hour paper requiring two answers to be taken at the time of the Part 3 examinations.
Requirements for a pass
Reassessment arrangements
Re-examination in September. Coursework will be carried forward if it bears a
confirmed mark of 40% or more. Otherwise it must be resubmitted by 1 September.
3
Course Outline
Week One
c. INTRODUCTION: Waldensianism
b. INTRODUCTION: Pre-Reformation heresy
b. Seminar Presentation planning meetings
Week Four
b. PRESENTATION: Jews in medieval and early modern Europe
Week Five
b. PRESENTATION: Women and witchcraft
Week Six
b. INTRODUCTION: Religious radicalism
Week Nine
b. GROUP DISCUSSION: interpreting witchcraft: case studies and context
Week Ten
a. Conclusions
Additional Information
1. Seminars
Attendance at all seminars is compulsory, and students are expected to prepare for
each class by reading items from the appropriate section of the course bibliography
below.
Certain seminars (identified as „presentation in the course summary above) involve
student-led presentations, in small groups. All students are asked to choose a topic for
a group presentation from the list that will be circulated at the start of term.
Some seminars will be structured around „sources and debates, and will involve
either an informal discussion of selected primary source materials (see bibliography
below), or a more formal presentation of the sources.
2. Essays
All students are required to write two essays. A full list of essay questions may be
found below.
The first essay must be submitted on Monday of week 6. The second essay must be
submitted on Monday of week 10. Both essays must be accompanied by a completed
coversheet. Remember that there are penalties imposed upon over-length work, and
essays that are submitted after the deadline.
The first essay will be returned to students by Tuesday of week 7. Individual tutorials
are offered to students who wish to discuss their work. Marks and feedback for the
second essay will be available at the end of term. Both essays will be retained by the
department for review by internal and external examiners.
3. Electronic Resources
There is a course web page for this module, accessible via my personal pages at
www.rdg.ac.uk/~lhs99hlp. The website reproduces much of the information contained
in this handbook, and will be updated with additional materials if necessary. If you
find any useful online source materials yourself that you think might be useful to the
class, I will be pleased to add these to the online module information.
4. Contact
My office is HUMSS 138, and I am available to see students without an appointment
during my regular „office hours. I can be reached by telephone (x8145), or email
h.l.parish@rdg.ac.uk
Essay Questions
‘The historian faces acute problems of evidence when studying the behaviour,
motives and beliefs of the heretic’ (Malcolm Lambert). Discuss.
Compare and contrast the studies by Moore and Nirenberg of the position of medieval
minorities.
‘The problem of medieval heresy was creation of a developing, empire-building
Church.’ Discuss.
Why did the Catholic church persecute Waldensianism so vigorously?
To what extent was the suppression of the heresy of the Free Spirit the result of non-
doctrinal concerns?
How influential was the thought of John Wycliffe in fifteenth century Lollardy?
Why were lepers excluded from medieval society?
To what extent can the popularity of Hussitism be explained by political factors?
How far were sixteenth century European attitudes towards Jews shaped by medieval
precedents?
Why were Anabaptists so feared by Catholic and Protestant churches?
How successful was the medieval church in its attempts to separate magic and
religion?
How important was the Malleus Maleficarum in shaping early modern attitudes to
witchcraft?
6
Text Books and Introductory Works
D.Baker ed., Schism, Heresy and Religious Protest: Papers read at the tenth summer
meeting and the eleventh winter meeting of the Ecclesiastical History Society, Studies
in Church History, 9 (1972).
J. Delumeau, Sin and Fear: the Emergence of a Western Guilt Culture, 13 th
-18 th
Centuries (New York, 1990)
M. Lambert, Medieval Heresy: Popular Movements from the Gregorian Reform to the
Reformation (Blackwells, 2002)
G. Leff, Heresy in the Later Middle Ages: the Relation of Heterodoxy to Dissent,
c.1250-1400, 2 vols (Manchester: Manchester U.P., 1967)
R. I. Moore, The Origins of European Dissent (1977: reprinted University of Toronto
Press, 1994)
D. Nirenberg, Communities of Violence: Persecution of Minorities in the Middle Ages
(Princeton, 1996) [also an e-book]
J. Richards, Sex, Dissidence and Damnation: Minority Groups in the Middle Ages
(London, 1991)
R.N. Swanson, Religion and Devotion in Europe, c.1215-c.1515 (Cambridge, 1995),
chap. 8 „Inclusion and Exclusion
S. L. Waugh and P.D. Diehl, Christendom and its Discontents: Exclusion,
Persecution and Rebellion, 1000-1500 (Cambridge University Press, 1996)
Primary Source Collections:
C. M. D. Crowder, Unity, Heresy and Reform 1378-1460: the Conciliar Response to
the Great Schism (London: Edward Arnold, 1977)
R. Mellinkoff, Outcasts: signs of otherness in Northern European art of the later
Middle Ages, 2 vols., (Los Angeles, 1993) [on visual representations]
R. I. Moore, The Birth of Popular Heresy (London: Arnold, 1975)
E.Peters, Heresy and Authority in Medieval Europe: Documents in Translation
(London : Scolar Press, 1980)
W. L. Wakefield and A. P. Evans, Heresies of the High Middle Ages (New York:
Columbia U.P., 1991) (covers the early part of the course)
7
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/sbook1s.html#Medieval%20Heresy
The online reference book for medieval studies at: http://www.the-orb.net/ which also
includes some good introductory essays
A student project at Kenyon on marginality and community:
http://www2.kenyon.edu/Projects/Margin/margin.htm
Details of printed primary sources used in seminars can be found under each
subject heading.
Malcolm Barber „Propaganda in the Middle Ages, Nottingham Medieval Studies, 17
(1973), 42-57.
C. Ames, „Does Inquisition Belong to Religious History? The American Historical
Review 110.1 (2005)
C.Bruschi and P. Biller, Texts and the repression of Medieval heresy (2003)
R.I.Moore, The Formation of a Persecuting Society (1987) for a slightly earlier period
Malcolm Lambert, Medieval Heresy: Popular Movements from the Gregorian Reform
to the Reformation (Blackwells, 2002)
Richard Kieckhefer, Repression of Heresy (1979)
H.A. Kelly, „Inquisition and the Prosecution of Heresy, Church History 58 (1989)
439-452
Gordon Leff, Heresy in the Later Middle Ages: the Relation of Heterodoxy to Dissent,
c.1250-1400, 2 vols (1967)
R. I. Moore, The Birth of Popular Heresy (1975).
Scott L. Waugh and Peter D. Diehl, Christendom and its Discontents: Exclusion,
Persecution and Rebellion, 1000-1500 (Cambridge University Press, 1996)
Talal Asad, „Medieval Heresy: An Anthropological View, Social History, 11 (1986),
354-62
Christopher Brooke, „Heresy and Religious Sentiment 1000-1250, (Bulletin of the
Institute of) Historical Research, 41 (1968), 115-31.
Rosalind and Christopher Brooke, Popular Religion in the Middle Ages: Western
Europe 1000-1300 (London, 1984) chapter 5: „Popular and unpopular religion.
R. I. Moore, „The Origins of Medieval Heresy, History, 55 (1970)
Robert Lerner, „Ecstatic Dissent, Speculum, 67 (1992).
G.Waite, Heresy, Magic and Witchcraft in Early Modern Europe (2003) chapter 3
Set text
Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie, Montaillou (1978 and other editions) ch. 18, 19 and 21
9
Waldensians
Gabriel Audisio, The Waldensian Dissent: Persecution and Survival, c. 1170-
c.1570 (Cambridge, 1999)
G.Audisio, „Were the Waldensians more literate than their contemporaries (1460-
1560)? in Peter Biller and Anne Hudson, eds, Heresy and literacy (1994)
G.Audisio, „How to Detect a Clandestine Minority: the Example of the Waldenses,
Sixteenth Century Journal, 21 (1990), 205-16
Peter Biller, „Medieval Waldensian Abhorrence of Killing, in The Church and War:
Papers read at the Twenty-first Summer Meeting and the Twenty-second Winter
Meeting of the Ecclesiastical History Society, ed. W.J. Sheils, Studies in Church
History, 20 (1983), pp. 129-46.
Peter Biller, „Multum ieiunantes et se castigantes: medieval Waldensian asceticism,
in Monks, Hermits and the Ascetic Tradition: papers read at the 1984 Summer
Meeting and the 1985 Winter Meeting of the Ecclesiastical History Society, ed. W.J.
Sheils, Studies in Church History, 22 (1985), pp. 215-28.
Peter Biller, „“Why no food? Waldensian followers in Bernard Gui's "Practica
inquisitionis" and "culpe", in Caterina Bruschi and Peter Biller eds., Texts and the
repression of Medieval heresy (2003)
Peter Biller, The Waldenses, 1170-1530: Between a Religious Order and a Church
(Aldershot: Variorum, 2001)
A.Brendon, „Waldensian books in Peter Biller and Anne Hudson, eds, Heresy and
literacy (1994)
Euan Cameron, The Reformation of the Heretics: the Waldenses of the Alps, 1480-
1580 (Oxford, 1984)
Euan Cameron, Waldenses: Rejections of Holy Church in Medieval Europe (Oxford
and Malden, MA., 2000)
P.Paravy, „Waldensians in the Dauphine (1400-1530): from dissidence in texts to
dissidence in practice, in Peter Biller and Anne Hudson, eds, Heresy and literacy
(1994)
A. Patschovsky, „The literacy of Waldensianism from Valdes to c.1400, in Peter
Biller and Anne Hudson, eds, Heresy and literacy (1994)
Mary A. Rouse and Richard H. Rouse, „The Schools and the Waldensians: a New
Work by Durand of Huesca, in Christendom and its Discontents, ed. Waugh and
Diehl.
Shulamith Shahar, Women in a Medieval Heretical Sect: Agnes and Huguette the
Waldensians, trans. Yael Lotan (Woodbridge, 2001)
Waldensians: Primary Sources
Reinarius Saccho, Of the Sects of the Modern Heretics, 1254:
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/waldo2.html (Medieval Source Book)
(Medieval Source Book)
Waldes, in Wakefield and Evans, Heresies, no. 30 and no. 33; and in Moore, Birth of Popular
Heresy, no. 34.
Wycliffe and Lollardy
Margaret Aston, „Lollardy and Sedition, in Past and Present, 17 (1960), 1-44
Margaret Aston, „Lollardy and Literacy, History, 62 (1977), 347-71
Margaret Aston, Lollards and Reformers: Images and Literacy in Late Medieval
Religion (London, 1984)
Margaret Aston, Faith and Fire: Popular and Unpopular Religion, 1350-1600
(London and Rio Grande, OH, 1993)
Margaret Aston, England’s Iconoclasts, vol. 1 (Oxford, 1988), ch.4
Margaret Aston and Colin Richmond, eds, Lollardy and the Gentry in the Later
Middle Ages (Stroud, 1997), BX4901.2.L6.
J. Catto, „Dissidents in an Age of faith: Wyclif and the Lollards, History Today, 37,
Nov. (1987), 46-52
J. Catto, „Wyclif and the Cult of the Eucharist, in The Bible in the Medieval World:
Essays in Memory of Beryl Smalley, ed. Katherine Walsh and Diana Wood, Studies in
Church History subsidia, 4 (1985), pp. 269-86
Margaret Deanesly, The Lollard Bible and other Medieval Biblical Versions
(Cambridge, 1920)
A. J. Fletcher, „John Mirk and the Lollards, Medium Aevum, 56 (1987), 217-24
A. Hope, „Lollardy: the Stone the Builders Rejected? in P. Lake and M. Dowling
(eds), Protestantism and the National Church in Sixteenth-Century England (London,
1987)
Anne Hudson, The Premature Reformation: Wycliffite Texts and Lollard History
(Oxford, 1988)
Anne Hudson and Michael Wilks eds., From Ockham to Wyclif: Studies in Church
History Subsidia, 5 (1987)
Anthony Kenny, Wyclif (Oxford, 1985)
Gordon Leff, „Wyclif and Hus: a Doctrinal Comparison, Bulletin of the John Rylands
Library, 50 (1968), 387-410.
Kenneth B. McFarlane, John Wycliffe and the beginnings of English Non-conformity
(Harmondsworth, 1952)
S.McSheffrey, Gender and Heresy: Women and Men in Lollard Communities 1420-
1530 (Philadelphia, 1995).
Past and Present, 186 (2005), 47-80.
Richard Rex, The Lollards (Basingstoke and New York, 2002), BX4901.2.R3
J. A. F. Thomson, The Later Lollards, 1440-1520 (London, 1967)
J. A. F. Thomson, „Orthodox Religion and the Origins of Lollardy, History, 74
(1989)
Norman Cohn, The Pursuit of the Millennium, ch. 11.
F. G. Heymann, John Zizka and the Hussite Revolution (Princeton, 1955)
11
F. G. Heymann, „The Crusades against the Hussites, in A History of the Crusades, ed.
Kenneth M. Setton, Vol.3, The Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries; edited by Harry
W. Hazard (Madison and London, 1975), also available online at Wisconsin:
http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/History/?type=article&byte=1090043&isize=M
G. A. Holmes, „Cardinal Beaufort and the Crusade against the Hussites, English
Historical Review, 88 (1973), 721-50
Norman Housley, The Later Crusades, 1274-1580: from Lyons to Alcazar (Oxford,
1992)
H. Kaminsky, A History of the Hussite Revolution (Berkeley, 1967)
H. Kaminsky, „The Free Spirit in the Hussite Revolution, in Millenial Dreams in
Action: Essays in Comparative Study (The Hague, 1962)
J. Klassen, „The Disadvantaged and the Hussite Revolution, International Review of
Social History, 35 (1990), 249-72
F. Smahel, „John Hus, Heretic or Patriot? History Today, 40 April (1990), 27-33
F. Smahel, „ “Doctor evangelicus super omnes Evangelistas”, Wyclifs future in
Hussite Bohemia, (Bulletin of the Institute of) Historical Research, 43 (1970), 16-34
F. Smahel, „Literacy and Heresy in Hussite Bohemia, in P. Biller and A. Hudson,
eds, Heresy and Literacy 100-1530 (1994)
S. H. Thomson, „Pre-Hussite heresy in Bohemia, English Historical Review, 48
(1933), 23-42
K. Walsh, „Wyclifss Legacy in Central Europe, in From Ockham to Wyclif , ed. A.
Hudson and D. Wilks, Studies in Church History Subsidia, 5 (1987), pp. 397-417
Pre-Reformation Heresy: Primary Sources
A.Hudson ed., Selections from English Wycliffite writings, (Cambridge, 1977)
S.McSheffrey & N.Tanner eds., Lollards of Coventry: 1486-1522, Camden Society
5th series vol. 23 (2003).
N.Tanner ed., Heresy Trials in the Diocese of Norwich, 1428-31, Camden Society
fourth series, vol. 20 (1977)
J.Todd ed., An Apology for Lollard Doctrines attributed to Wicliffe, Camden Society
1st series no. 20 (1842)
Two Wycliffite texts : The sermon of William Taylor 1406. The testimony of William
Thorpe 1407 (Early English Texts Society, 1993)
Jan Hus M.Spinka, John Hus, in Library of Christian Classics, vol.14: Advocates of Reform
(1953),
T.Fudge, The Crusade Against Heretics in Bohemia, 1418-1437,(Aldershot, 2002),
‘The very pretty chronicle of John Zizka, ch. 1 of: Frederick G. Heymann, John
Zizka and the Hussite Revolution (Princeton, 1955) see also „Letters and Messages of
John Zizka, in appendix
N.Housley ed & tr., Documents on the Later Crusades, 1274-1580, trans. Norman
Housley (Basingstoke, 1996), especially 37-43
P. Richards The Medieval Leper and his Northern Heirs (1977)
S. Brody The Disease of the Soul: Leprosy in Medieval Literature (1974)
R.I. Moore The Formation of a Persecuting Society (1987)
M. Barber, „Lepers, Jews and Moslems: the Plot to Overthrow Christendom in 1321,
History, 66 (1981), 1-17
C. Ginzburg Ecstacies: Deciphering the Witch’s Sabbath (1993), ch.1
M. Barber „Lepers, Jews and Moslems: the plot to overthrow Christendom in 1321,
History, 66 (1981) OR in his Crusaders and Heretics (Aldershot, 1995)
M. McVaugh Medicine before the Plague: Practitioners and their Patients in the
Crown of Aragon, 1285-1345 (1994)
M.D. Grmek „Leprosy and TB: their biological relationship, in id., Diseases in the
Ancient Greek World (1992)
M. Dols „The leper in medieval Islamic society, Speculum, 58 (1983)
M. Douglas „Witchcraft and leprosy: two strategies of exclusion, Man, New Series,
Vol. 26, No. 4 (Dec., 1991), pp. 723-736 (JSTOR)
W.H. McNeill, Plagues and Peoples (New York, 1976; 1998), chaps. IV and V [also
available via Unicorn as an e-book]
R.A.Fletcher, The Quest for El Cid (1989)
A.G. Carmichael, „Contagion Theory and Contagion Practice in Fifteenth-Century
Milan, Renaissance Quarterly, 64 (1991), 213-56
G.Lewis, „A Lesson from Leviticus: Leprosy’, in Man, New Series, Vol. 22, No. 4
(Dec., 1987), pp. 593-612 (JSTOR)
D. Gentilcore, „The Fear of Disease and the Disease of Fear, in W.G. Naphy and P.
Roberts (eds), Fear in Early Modern Society (Manchester, 1997), pp. 44-61
W.G.Naphy, „Plague-Spreading and a Magisterially Controlled Fear, in W.G. Naphy
and P. Roberts (eds), Fear in Early Modern Society (Manchester, 1997), pp. 28-43
C. Rawcliffe, Leprosy in Medieval England (London, 2006)
http://www.theorb.net/non_spec/missteps/ch4.html
Extracts from the Poem of the Cid :
http://historymedren.about.com/gi/dynamic/offsite.htm?site=http://www.hti.umich.ed
u/cgi/p/pd%2Dmodeng/pd%2Dmodeng%2Didx%3Ftype=header%26id=SoutRChron
Excerpts from the life of Alice the Leper, a nun who became a leprous martyr:
http://www2.kenyon.edu/Projects/Margin/alice.htm
P. Elmer and O. Grell (eds), Health, disease and society in Europe, 1500-1800: a
sourcebook (Manchester, 2004)
Jews in Medieval and Early Modern Europe
S.Almog, Anti-Semitism Through the Ages (Oxford, 1988)
M. Bodian, „"Men of the Nation": The Shaping of Converso Identity in Early Modern
Europe, Past & Present 143 (1994)
„In the Cross-Current of the Reformation: Crypto-Jewish Martyrs of the
Inquisition 1570-1670, Past and Present 176 (2002)
S.G. Burnett, „Distorted Mirrors: Antonius Margaritha, Johann Buxtorf and Christian
Ethnographies of the Jews, Sixteenth Century Journal, 25 (1994), 275-87
M.Cohen, Under Crescent and Cross: The Jews in the Middle Ages (1994)
S. Cohn, 'The Black Death and the Burning of Jews', Past and Present, 196 (2007), 3-36
C. R. Friedrichs, „Anti-Jewish politics in early modern Germany: Worms, Central
European History, 23 (1990)
A. Funkenstein, „Basic types of Christian anti-Jewish polemics in the late Middle
Ages, Viator 2 (1971) 373–382
D.L. Graizbord, 'Philosemitism in Late Sixteenth- and Seventeenth-Century Iberia:
Refracted Judeophobia?', Sixteenth Century Journal, 38 (2007), 657-82
S. Hendrix, „Toleration and the Jews in the German Reformation, Archiv für
Reformationsgeschichte, 81 (1990)
J. I. Israel, European Jewry in the age of mercantilism, 1550–1750, 1985
R. Po Chia Hsia, The Myth of Ritual Murder (1988)
H. Kamen, The Mediterranean and the expulsion of Spanish Jews, in: Past and
Present 119 (1988)
H.C.Lea, A History of the Inquisition in Spain available online at
http://libro.uca.edu/lea1/1lea.htm
B. Lewis, Cultures in conflict: Christians, Muslims and Jews in the age of discovery,
(1995)
D.MacCulloch, Reformation: Europe’s House Divided 1490-1700 (2004) esp. ch.17
J. R. Marcus, The Jew in the medieval world. A source book: 315–1791 (1961)
R. Mellinkoff, Outcasts: signs of otherness in Northern European art of the later
Middle Ages, 2 vols., (Los Angeles, 1993)
J. M. Minty, „Judengasse to Christian Quarter: the phenomenon of the converted
synagogue in the late medieval and early modern Holy Roman Empire, in Popular
religion in Germany and Central Europe, 1400–1800, ed. T. Johnson and R.W.
Scribner (1996) pp. 58–86
D Nirenberg, 'Mass Conversion and Genealogical Mentalities: Jews and Christians in
C15th Spain', Past & Present 175 (2002)
M.E. Perry and A.J.Cruz eds., Cultural Encounters. The Impact of the Inquisition in
Spain and the New World (1991) especially Part II. Available online at
http://ark.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/ft396nb1w0/
S. Rowan, „Luther, Bucer and Eck on the Jews, Sixteenth Century Journal, 16 (1985)
D. Wood (ed.), Christianity and Judaism, Studies in Church History 29 (1992)
J.Edwards, The Jews in Western Europe (online resource):
http://www.medievalsources.co.uk/jewsinwest.htm
century):
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/ephr-bonn1.html
c68.html
Heresy of the Free Spirit and Dangerous Women
M.Bailey, Battling Demons. Witchcraft, Heresy and Reform in the Late Middle Ages
(2003) chapter 3
F.Beer, Women and Mystical Experience in the Middle Ages (Boydell, 1998)
F.Bowie, Beguine Spirituality (SPCK, 1989)
C. W. Bynum, Holy Feast and Holy Fast: The Religious Significance of Food to
Medieval Women (1987)
D. Bornstein and R. Rusconi ed., Women and religion in medieval and renaissance
Italy (1996)
P.Galloway, „Discreet and Devout Maidens, in D. Watt ed. Medieval Women in Their
Communities (Toronto, 1997)
I.Geyer, Marie of Oignies [German; not in the library] is reviewed in Journal of
Ecclesiastical History, 24 (1994), 500-502.
H.Grundmann, Religious movements in the Middle Ages : the historical links between
heresy, the Mendicant Orders, and the women's religious movement in the twelfth and
thirteenth century, with the historical foundations of German mysticism (Univ Notre
Dame, 1995)
G. Jantzen, Power, Gender and Christian Mysticism (Cambridge, 1995)
P. D. Johnson, Equal in Monastic Profession: Religious Women in Medieval France
(1991)
R.E.Lerner, „Writing and resistance among Beguins of Languedoc and Catalonia
Robert E. Lerner in Peter Biller and Anne Hudson eds., Heresy and Literacy 1000-
1530 (1994)
Ernest McDonnell, The Beguines and Beghards in Medieval Culture (1969).
Carol Neel, "The Origins of the Beguines" in Judith M. Bennett, et. al., ed. Sisters and
Workers in the Middle Ages (Chicago, 1989)
S.Poor, „Mechthild von Magdeburg, Gender, and the "Unlearned Tongue", Journal
of Medieval and Early Modern Studies 31.2 (2001) 213-250 [available online via
Project Muse]
Joanna Ziegler, "Secular Canonesses as Antecedents of the Beguines in the Low
Countries: An Introduction to Some Older Views", Studies in Medieval and
Renaissance History, vol. 13 (1992), 117-135.
Online essays and articles:
E.T.Knuth, The Beguines (1992):
Primary Sources: Beguines
Marguerite Porete, The Mirror of Simple Souls, trans. E. L. Babinsky (New York,
1993)
„The Sister Catherine Treatise, in Bernard McGinn, Meister Eckhart, Teacher and
Preacher (1986) Also contains some of Eckharts sermons.
F.Tobin (Mechthild of Magdeburg) Flowing Light of the Godhead, (Paulist Press,
1998)
M.H.King and H.Feiss, Jacques de Vitry and Thomas de Cantimpre: Two Lives of
Marie d’Oignes (Toronto 1998)
U. Wiethaus ed., Agnes Blannbekin, Viennese Beguine: Life and Revelations (Library
of Medieval Women, (D.S.Brewer 2002)
Online Sources:
Marguerite Porete: The Mirror of Simple Souls By Bonnie Duncan of the English
Department at Millersville University. Margueriie Porete was a Beguine condemned
and executed for heresy in 1310.
http://www2.kenyon.edu/Projects/Margin/porete8.htm
Bernard Gui: Inquisitor's Manual Translated by David Burr of the History Department
at Virgina Tech. http://www2.kenyon.edu/Projects/Margin/inquisit.htm
Na Prous Bonnet (Boneta) was condemned as a Beguine in 1325.
http://www2.kenyon.edu/Projects/Margin/naprous.htm.
The Condemnation of the Beguines at the Council of Vienne, 1311-12
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