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Strong Verb

I-Guttural Verbs I-Verbs I-Verbs I-Verbs

II-Guttural Verbs II-/ II-Verbs (Hollow verbs) Double Ayin V

III-Guttural Verbs

III-

Verbs

III-

Verbs

II-waw & III-aleph

Yiqtol Preformative Vowels

Pronominal Suffixes

Volatilisation

Definite Article & Attached -Preposition Inseparable Preposition

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Strong Verb

Qal Niphal Piel Pual Hithpael Hiphil Hoph

Qatal(Perfect)

3ms 3fs 2ms 2fs

1cs 3cp 2mp 2fp 1cp

qto

l(Imperfect)

3ms

3fs 2ms 2fs 1cs 3mp 3fp

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I-Guttural Verbs

Qal Niphal Hiphil Hop

Qatal

3ms

3fs

2ms 2fs 1cs

3cp

2mp 2fp 1cp

3ms

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For comparison: I

Qatal

3ms

3fs

2ms

2fs

1cs

3cp

2mp

2fp

2BI-

Verbs

The 1st column represents the 5 "proper" I-verbs:

, , , , . All other verbs are like

2nd column, very similar to I-guttural verbs.

Qal

Qatal

3ms

3fs

2ms

2fs

1cs

3cp

2mp

2fp

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3BI-Verbs

Qal (1) Qal (2) Qal (irreg) Niphal Hiphil Hophal

Qatal

3ms

3fs

2ms

2fs

1cs

3cp

2mp

2fp

1cp

3ms

3fs

2ms

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4BI-Verbs

Group (1): , , , , , , [] , (!)Group (2): , , , [[some regular in Qal Impv & Inf Cstr

Group (3): Qal Yiqtol :(; Group (4 like I-Nun verbs?

Qal (1) Qal (2) Niphal Hiphil Hophal

Qatal

3ms 3fs 2ms 2fs 1cs 3cp

2mp 2fp 1cp

3ms 3fs

,

Qatal

3ms

3fs

2ms

2fs

1cs

3cp

2mp

2fp

1cp

3ms

3fs

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II-Guttural Verbs

Qal Niphal Piel Pual

Qatal

3ms

3fs

2ms

2fs

1cs

3cp

2mp

2fp

1cp

3ms

3fs

2ms

2f

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7BII-/ II-Verbs (Hollow verbs)

Qal () Qal () Qal () Niphal Hiphil Hop

Qatal

3ms

3fs

2ms

2fs

1cs

3cp

2mp

2fp

1cp

3ms

3fs

2ms

2fs

1cs

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Double Ayin Verbs (Geminates)

Verbs with II = III, Group (1): transitive verbs, Group (2): intransitive verbs

Qal (1) Qal (2) Niphal Hiphil Hophal

Qatal

3ms

3fs

2ms

2fs

1cs

3cp

2mp

2fp

1cp

3ms

3fs

2ms

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10BIII-Verbs

Qal Stat. Qal Niphal Piel Pual Hithpael

Qatal

3ms 3fs

2ms

2fs 1cs 3cp 2mp 2fp 1cp

tol

3ms 3fs 2ms 2fs

1cs

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11BIII-Verbs

Qal Niphal Piel Pual Hithpael

Qatal

3ms

3fs

2ms

2fs

1cs

3cp

2mp

2fp

1cp

3ms

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Doubly weak

II-waw & III-aleph

QalIII-aleph II-waw both

Qatal

3ms 3fs 2ms

2fs 1cs 3cp

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Summary Verb Characteristics

Yiqtol Preformative Vowels(without suffix, no jussives/wayyiqtols)

req

Qal Hithpael(preformative )

Niphal(dagesh in I)

req-y

I-Waw/Yod

Qal

sel

I-Guttural[(hatep-)segol under

I; Rule of Sheva]

Qal

r-y

I-Yod

Hiphi

r

Niphal

I-Guttural

Qal

I-Waw/YodII-Waw ()

Geminates

lengthened

lengthened

combined

qme-p

Hophal

le

I-Aleph

qibbu

I-Nun

lem-waw

I-Waw

req

I-Waw/Yod

II-Waw/YodGeminates

paa

Hiphil I-Guttural

[(hatep-)patah underI; Rule of Sheva]

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IPSP

Qatal

inflec-

tion

suffixes

Pronominal Suffixes

singular nouns,

Infinitive

construct

particles,

most

prepositions

plural nouns Some prepositions:

, ,,

, ,

all verbs

(vowel ending)

Qatal

(consonant end

1cs

2ms

2fs /

3ms - // / / /

3fs

1cp

2mp

2fp

3mp

/ /

3fp /

accent on suffix accen

only vocalic (3fs,3cp) & heavy suffixes (2mp,2fp) heavy suffixes (2mp,2fp,3mp) a

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14BPronominal Suffixes on Certain Prepositions/Particles

15B 16B 17B(with)mainly less frequent mainly less frequent

3ms

,

,

3fs

2ms ((pause

2fs

1cs

(poet, pause),

3mp

,

,

,

3fp

2mp

,

2fp

1cp

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19BVolatilisation

volatilisation of open syllables

[(2) only if (1) does not volatilise]

nouns: plural & pronominal suffix;

adjectives; non-finite verbs (Inf/Ptcpl)

(1) propretonic: a/e

(2) pretonic: e

[all preceding a/ewil

[propretonic edoes n

nouns: construct everywhere: a/e shortening of long vo

all finite verbs:

inflection suffixes

(1) pretonic: any

(2) propretonic: any

Qatal verbs:

pronominal suffixes

(1) propretonic: any

(2) pretonic: any

theme vowel: aa, i

(even if previously vo

Yiqtol/Imperative verbs:

pronominal suffixes

pretonic: o/e theme vowel: a/a

[Qal with 2ms suffix:

All shortening of closed, long syllables that have lost accent

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20BDefinite Article & Attached

-Prep

Article

-pr

Default default

Before:

or

Doubled by implication

(Virtual doubling)

D

Before:

or

or

Compensatory lengthening

Co

Before:

or unaccented

or unaccented

Irregular segholAs above: befo

befo

Before:

rejects dagesh forte+

Before: definite article

I bl P i i & j i

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21BInseparable Prepositions & -conjunction

Inseparable Prepositions-conjunction

Default

default defa

Before: tone-syllable

Before: labials ( ,, ) default (bump

Before: simple vocal sheva

Rule of sheva

Before: + Rule of sheva

+ combining with

Rule o

+ combin

Before: compound vocal sheva e.g. + Sheva vowel taken e.g. + Sheva vow

Before: + Seghol taken + quiescent+ compensatory lenghtening

+ Seghol taken ++ compensato

Before: definite article e.g. + dropped, vowel taken defa

There are virtually no OT Hebrew words starting with a waw, so virtually every wawat the beginning of a word is the waw-co

Version: January2015by Rene Hamburger

Credits: Parts of this document are based on the verb paradigm tables from Gary Pratico and Miles Van Pelt, The Basics of Bibli

Zondervan (www.learnbiblicalgreek.com/public/pdf/bbh_paradigms1.pdf), on various paradigms from Gesenius and lecture ma

1There are only a total of 31 occurrences in the OT of words starting with a waw, most of which are proper nouns (the main exception is (hook,

http://www.learnbiblicalgreek.com/public/pdf/bbh_paradigms1.pdfhttp://www.learnbiblicalgreek.com/public/pdf/bbh_paradigms1.pdfhttp://www.learnbiblicalgreek.com/public/pdf/bbh_paradigms1.pdfhttp://www.learnbiblicalgreek.com/public/pdf/bbh_paradigms1.pdf