Bible and Culture 2014: Hosea - Day 1: introduction
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Transcript of Bible and Culture 2014: Hosea - Day 1: introduction
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HOSEA
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In literary terms this book is among the most poetic of the prophetic collections in the OT, particularly in the allusive character of individual units of speech and a propensity for metaphor and simile. It is therefore one of the most difficult to interpret. . . .
J. Andrew Dearman The Book of Hosea (NICOT)
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With the possible exception of Job, the book of Hosea has the dubious distinction of having the most obscure passages in the entire Hebrew Bible.
C.L. Seow Book of Hosea (Anchor Bible Dictionary)
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?What kinds of things do we need to know if we are to correctly handle any passage of Scripture?
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Context
Structure
Genre
Content
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Context
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?What kind of context do we need to know about?
How does understanding the context help us?
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biblical context
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Old Testament
Pentateuch
History books
Wisdom Lit.
Prophets
Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy
Joshua, Judges, Ruth, 1–2 Samuel 1–2 Kings, 1–2 Chronicles, Ezra, Nehemiah, Esther
Job, Psalms, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, Song of Solomon
Isaiah, Jeremiah, Lamentations, Ezekiel, Daniel, Minor Prophets
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New Testament
Revelation
History
Timeless present
Anticipation
Matthew Mark, Luke, John
Acts
Romans – Jude
Revelations
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Old Testament
New Testament
Christian Jewish
Tanak
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ProphetsHistory
LawPentateuch
History
InstructionTorah
History
ProphetsProphets
Wisdom
Old Testament Tanak
Wisdom
Prophets
Prophets
WritingsKetuvim
Nevi’im
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Nev
i’im
Tanak
Ketuvim
Law/Instruction Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy
Joshua, Judges, Samuel, Kings
Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Ruth, Song of Solomon, Ecclesiastes, Lamentations, Esther, Daniel, Ezra–Nehemiah, Chronicles
Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, Book of the TwelveLatter Prophets
Writings
Former Prophets
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historical context
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Genre
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?How do you feel about the Old Testament prophets?
What do you like about them?
What puts you off?
What is the most significant passage in the prophets for you, and why?
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They have a queer way of talking, like people who, instead of proceeding in an orderly manner, ramble off from one thing to the next so that you cannot make heads or tails of them or see what they are getting at.
Martin Luther
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?What aspects of the Old Testament prophets makes them difficult to understand?
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barriers to
understanding
Language Geography
HistoryCulture
Religion
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History 47%
Prophets 27%
Wisdom 26%
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?Why do we have these books? What is their special contribution to the Bible?
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Whether he is discussing the past, present or future, the prophet is seeking to make God the most genuine reality that men can know and experience.
A.B. Mickelson‘Interpreting the Bible’, p. 287
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the prophets’
focus
God extreme grace & wrath
Humanity extreme
disobedience
Calamity apparently unlimited judgement
Prosperity unlimited peace and
joy
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foretelling
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forthtelling
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Prophecy is essentially a ministry of disclosure, a stripping bare. Israel’s great prophets do not merely lift the veil of the future in order to destroy false expectations; at the same time, they expose the conduct of their contemporaries. . . . Prophets tear the masks away and show the true face of the people behind them.
Hans Walter WolffConfrontations
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The Word of YHWH
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Covenant enforcement mediators
(Fee and Stuart)
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Warning of judgment
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Promising restoration
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Highlighting Israel’s sin
Announcing judgement
Declaring YHWH’s love
Announcing blessing
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The ‘prophet in scripture takes on the role of gracious mediator. He stands between God and the people to deliver the word of the Lord. . . . The person of the prophet substitutes for the presence of Almighty God himself.’
O.P. Robertson, The Christ of the Prophets, p. 10
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Fulfilment
New Testament
Promise
Old Testament
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Structure
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A. 1:1 – 3:5
B. 4:1 – 14:9
Hosea’s family
Everything else
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The division of chapters 4–14 into separate oracles is not so clear . . . Typical beginning and ending prophetic formulae, ‘Thus says the Lord’ and ‘oracle of Yahweh’, are often missing . . .
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. . . and the oracles alternate constantly between the first person speech of Yahweh and the third person speech of the prophet, sometimes even within the same oracle. Nor is there an overarching structure or progression of thought in the section.
Elizabeth Achtemeier Minor Prophets I (NIBC)
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A. 1:1 – 3:5 ~ A wayward wife
1. 1:1–11 Hosea’s wife (prophetic action)
2. 2:1–23 Punishment and restoration
3. 3:1–5 Hosea’s wife (prophetic action)
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A2. 2:1–23 Punishment/restoration
a 2:1–4 YHWH’s 1st punishment
b 2:5–6 YHWH’s 2nd punishment
c 2:7–13 YHWH’s 3rd punishment
d 2:14–15 YHWH will woo Israel
c’ 2:16–17 Response to 3rd punish.
b’ 2:18–20 Response to 2nd punishment
a’ 2:21–23 Response to 1st punishment