WJEC  

 

 

Classification, Evolution & 

Biodiversity 

 

Home Work Questions 

2 Examineronly

SECTION A

Answer all questions

1. The table below shows the classification of a sample of animals belonging to class Mammalia.

(a) Each column represents a different taxon. Write the names of the taxa in the spacesavailable at the head of each column. [2]

(315-01)

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Carnivora

Carnivora

Perissodactyla

Perissodactyla

Carnivora

Carnivora

Artiodactyla

Primates

Primates

Artiodactyla

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Vulpes

Canis

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

tigris

zebra

asinus

silvestris

lupus

vulpes

camelopardalis

johnstoni

gorilla

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Hominidae

Hominidae Homo sapiens

Felidae

Felidae

Giraffidae

Giraffidae

Canidae

Equidae

Canidae

Equidae

Okapia

Gorilla

Equus

Equus

Felis

Panthera

Giraffa

(b) (i) Explain what is meant by the binomial system for naming organisms. [2]

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(ii) Give the binomial name of the tiger. [1]

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(iii) Suggest binomial names for [1]

Zebra, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Gorilla. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Tyrone. R.L. John 1

3

Turn over.(315-01)

Examineronly

(c) The diagram below shows the results of tests used to find out how closely related some ofthe animals are. Samples of ribosomal RNA from the animals were mixed with restrictionenzymes, placed in the wells labelled A, B, C, D, E, and an electrical current applied.

(i) Name this technique. [1]

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(ii) What purpose did the restriction enzymes perform? [2]

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

A B C D E

(iii) Which two animals in the table opposite are most likely to have provided samples A and D? [1]

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(iv) Explain your answer to part (c) (iii). [2]

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Total 12 marks)

Tyrone. R.L. John 2

4

(S11-1072-01)

Examiner

only

2. Twenty thousand years ago, cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) roamed throughout the savannahs and plains of four continents: Africa, Asia, Europe, and North America.

About 10 000 years ago - because of climate changes - all but one species of the cheetah became extinct. With the drastic reduction in their numbers, close relatives were forced to breed and the cheetah became genetically inbred, meaning that all cheetahs are closely related.

(a) Classify the cheetah. [3]

Phylum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Genus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(b) Name one feature that a cheetah has which allows the correct identification of each of its phylum and class. [2]

Feature of the phylum

Feature of the class

(c) The drastic reduction in the numbers of cheetah results in the loss of genetic diversity in the population. What term is applied to this? [1]

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

BY2 2/11Tyrone. R.L. John 3

5

(S11-1072-01)

(d) (i) What biochemical method could have been used to determine that all cheetahs are closely related? [1]

(ii) What would the results show? [1]

(Total 8 marks)

Examiner

only

Turn over.

10

72

01

00

05

BY2 2/11Tyrone. R.L. John 4

12

© OCR 2014

5 Charles Darwin sailed on HMS Beagle on its voyage around the world between 1831 and 1836.

(a) Darwin made the following observation:

������������ ���� ��� ������� ������������ ����� State the conclusion that Darwin drew from this observation.

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.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) Shortly after the voyage, Darwin sketched a diagram in his notebook.

His sketch is shown in Fig. 5.1.

Charles Darwin (1837)

Fig. 5.1

• A, B, C and D represent different modern day organisms.

• represents an ancestral organism.

Explain what the sketch shows about the relationship between organisms A, B, C, and D.

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Tyrone. R.L. John 5

13

Turn over© OCR 2014

(c) In 1859, Darwin published his book, On the Origin of Species, in which he explained how organisms evolve by natural selection:

• Darwin’s book caused controversy at the time of its publication• his theory of natural selection is now widely accepted by scientists.

Why is natural selection now more widely accepted by scientists than it was in the 19th Century?

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(d) Genes are important in the process of natural selection. Genes are made of DNA.

(i) State the role of a gene.

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(ii) Explain how the structure of DNA allows replication.

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Tyrone. R.L. John 6

14

© OCR 2014

(e) During the voyage of HMS Beagle, Darwin visited the Galapagos Islands off the coast of South America.

He observed that many of the closely related species showed significant variation.

(i) State the name given to the evolution of a new species.

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Suggest why a higher number of species have evolved in the Galapagos Islands, compared with an area of the same size on the South American mainland.

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[Total: 12]

Tyrone. R.L. John 7

2

© OCR 2014

Answer all the questions.

1 In 2006, the scientific journal, Nature, reported the discovery of a fossil from around 380 million years ago. It was given the name Tiktaalik roseae.

This fossil has some features in common with fish and some features in common with amphibians.

A photograph of the fossil is shown in Fig. 1.1.

eyefin

Fig. 1.1

A diagram of the fossil viewed from above is shown in Fig. 1.2.

eye

fin

Fig. 1.2

(a) (i) Suggest one adaptation, visible in Fig. 1.1 and Fig. 1.2, which would be an advantage for life under water.

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...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Suggest one adaptation, visible in Fig. 1.1 and Fig. 1.2, which would be useful for an animal that lives on the sea bed.

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Tyrone. R.L. John 8

3

Turn over© OCR 2014

(b) Tiktaalik roseae is a member of the kingdom Animalia. The structure of its individual cells has not been preserved by fossilisation.

State two features of cells of an organism from the kingdom Plantae that would not have been present in the cells of T. roseae.

1 ................................................................................................................................................

2 ................................................................................................................................................[2]

(c) Fossils provide strong evidence that organisms have evolved over time.

Describe other types of evidence that support the theory of evolution.

In your answer you should describe some different types of evidence.

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[Total: 10]

Tyrone. R.L. John 9

APW/Jun07/BYA5

12 LEAVEMARGINBLANK

7 (a) What is meant by each of the following ecological terms?

(i) Ecosystem .................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

(ii) Population .................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................(2 marks)

(b) An area of soil, 10 m × 10 m, was cleared of all vegetation and left uncultivated.One year later, the plant species present were recorded. The table shows the results.

These results are the mean values from ten 1 m2 sites that were selected at random.

(i) Describe how the sites could be selected at random.

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...................................................................................................................................(2 marks)

(ii) Why is it necessary to collect data from

a large number of sites, ............................................................................................

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sites selected at random? ..........................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................(2 marks)

(iii) Use the formula,

where d = index of diversityN = total number of organisms of all speciesn = total number of organisms of one species

d =N(N – 1)————∑ n(n – 1)

SpeciesMean number of

plants per m2

Daisy 3Mayweed 2Groundsel 21Ragwort 8Hairy bittercress 11Fat hen 2Forget-me-not 1Field speedwell 3

Tyrone. R.L. John 10

13 LEAVEMARGINBLANK

to calculate the index of diversity of the plants. Show your working.

Index of diversity = ....................................... (2 marks)

(iv) Give one advantage of calculating the index of diversity rather than onlyrecording the number of species present.

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(v) The area of soil was left for five years. During this time, the index of diversityfell to 3.75. Suggest an explanation for this fall.

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(c) Suggest what effect a fall in plant diversity will have on the diversity of animals livingin the same ecosystem. Explain your answer.

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Turn over �APW/Jun07/BYA5

15Tyrone. R.L. John 11