BI 121 Lecture 4 Structure-function = fun! · II. Physiology in the News + Connections Mom’s eggs...
Transcript of BI 121 Lecture 4 Structure-function = fun! · II. Physiology in the News + Connections Mom’s eggs...
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BI 121 Lecture 4
I. Announcements Anatomy & Physiology Lab today!Be sure to complete p 3-7 dietary record in LM < lab next wk!Help with estimating serving sizes for Nutrition Lab 3. Q?
II. Physiology in the News + Connections Mom’s eggs execute dad’s mitochondria? What’s a vault? Science News
III.Anaerobic vs Aerobic Metabolism SummaryLS ch 2 pp 26-33A. Take-home points + key differences fig 2-15 + vplB. Few details: Glycolysis, CAC, ETC fig 2-9, 2-10, 2-11, 2-12
IV.Cytoskeleton LS 2012 fig 2-17, 2-18 + LS 2006 fig 2-20 V.Introduction to Genetics
LS pp 20-1 + Appendix CA. What’s a gene? Where? p A-18, fig C-2, C-3B. Why are genes important? p A-18C. What’s DNA & what does it look like? pp A-18 thru A-20D. How does information flow in the cell? fig C-6E. How does DNA differ from RNA? pp A-20 thru A-22F. Genetic code? pp A-22, A-23G. How are proteins made? Class skit! fig C-7, C-9
Structure-function = fun!
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4 oz 3 oz
raw cooked
≡
Deck of Cards
≡
≡ 1 oz
1 cor
≡ 1/3 c
≡ ¼ c ≡1.5 oz
http://blogs.uoregon.edu/bi121/fall-2014/
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SOURCE: John Travis, Science News 2000;157(1), 5.
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Inside a fertilized egg, with its two sets of chromosomes (blue), the protein ubiquitin (red) tags sperm mitochondria (yellow).
SOURCE: Sutovsky P, Moreno RD, Ramalho-Santos J, Dominko T, Simerly C, Schatten G. Nature 1999;402(6760), 371-2.
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An organelle?
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MITOCHONDRIONAEROBIC
ANAEROBIC
=w/O2
without O2
= CYTOSOL
1. Immediate/ATP-PC2. Glycolysis
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WOW!I’M CHAMP!
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% A
TP S
uppl
ied
Performance TimePower Output
ATP-PC/ Immediate
Glycolysis
Oxygen System
15 - 30 s
1.5 – 3 m
> 3 – 5 m
MitochondriaCytosol
Modified after Mathews & Fox
Anaerobic Aerobic
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Adenosine P P P
Phosphates
ATP = Adenosine Tri PhosphateThe Common Energy Currency or the Cash Cells Understand!!
High Energy Phosphate Bonds
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Adenosine P P
Cleave One High Energy Phosphate Bond To Do Work!!
Make big things from little things!
Move things! Move things!
Synthesis of Macromolecules1 Membrane
Transport2 Mechanical Work3
Microscopic! Macroscopic!
P
Pi
7 – 10 KiloCalories/KCal
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Anaerobic vs. Aerobic Metabolism
fig 2-15 LS 2012
Anaerobic Glycolysis"sugar dissolving"
without O2. Net of 2 ATPper molecule of glucose
Aerobic Metabolism+mitochondrial processing of glucose with O2. Net of 32 ATP
per molecule of glucose
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AEROBIC w/O2
ANAEROBIC Immediate/ATP-PC
Glycolysis
CYTOSOL
MITOCHONDRIA
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Stages of Cellular Metabolism/Respiration
fig 2-9 LS 2012
AnaerobicGlycolysis
Cytosol
AerobicMetabolism
Mitochondria Matrix
Inner Membrane
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Glycolysis "sugar dissolving/splitting" produces small amounts of ATP
fig 2-10 LS 2012
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fig 2-11 LS 2012+ David Oganesyan
http://pixdaus.com
Citric Acid Cycleproduces pairs of
electrons for cashing in at the nearby electron transport chain (ETC)
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Cashing in electrons at the Electron Transport Chain (ETC)produces an abundance of ATP energy molecules!
Cytosol
Outer mitochondrial membrane
Inner...
fig 2-12 LS 2012
Rod CapaldiU of O Biology
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= MITOCHONDRIONAEROBICw/O2
CITRIC ACID CYCLE
e-e-
e-e-e-
ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN“cash in”
for ATP Energy!!
e-
harvestelectrons
Goals of Aerobic Metabolism
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Cytoskeleton: Cell "Bone & Muscle"
Microtubule
Microfilament
Intermediatefilament
LS 2012 fig 2-17
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LS 2012 fig 2-18
Microtubular Highway!!
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4th Component: Microtrabecular Lattice?
LS 2006 fig 2-20
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Time-out for questions!
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What are DNA’s major functions?Heredity + Day-to-Day Cell Function
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What does DNA look like? Double-helix!!
LS fig C-2
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Gene = Stretch of DNA that codes for a protein
cf: LS fig C-3
Supercoiling
HistonesGene DNA Double Helix
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What does DNA do, day-to-day?
cf: LS fig C-6
Protein
Transcription Translation
Nucleus Cytoplasm
RNA
Replication@ ribosomes
DNA
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DNA vs RNA? 1. Double-stranded
2. Deoxyribose(without oxygen)
3. A, T, C, G Thymine
4. Self-replicative(can copy itself)
5. Nucleus (+mitochondria)
1. Single-stranded
2. Ribose (with oxygen)
3. A, U, C, GUracil
4. Needs DNA as template
5. 10 Cytoplasm (but Nucleus origin)
6. mRNA, rRNA, tRNA
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DNA mRNA tRNA
Triplets of bases code for amino acids, the building blocks of proteins
codon anti-codon
AUA UAU
UGC ACG
AAA UUU
AUG UAC
code word
TAT
ACG
TTT
TAC
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D. Silverthorn, Physiology: An Integrated Approach. San Francisco: Pearson Education, 2010.
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Translation? Translation? RibosomesRibosomes Make ProteinsMake Proteins
LS 2012 fig C-7
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Transfer RNA (tRNA)
LS fig C-8
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A Polyribosome. Which Way is Synthesis?A Polyribosome. Which Way is Synthesis?
LS fig C-9
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Class Skit on Translation!
What’s a ribosome?
A protein synthesizing factory, where
translation takes place!You rock,
baby!
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Questions + Discussion