A. Sitting

B. Cultivation

C. Stretching

• Bhāvana refers to the cultivation and development of the individual. It is also sometimes referred to as meditation. Buddhists are encouraged to develop themselves as this will further their understanding of the way things really are and also help them to generate merit.

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• Bhāvana refers to the cultivation and development of the individual. It is also sometimes referred to as meditation. Buddhists are encouraged to develop themselves as this will further their understanding of the way things really are and also help them to generate merit.

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A. 3

B. 4

C. 5

• There are five types of bhāvanā:

1.citta-bhāvanā- (D III. 219)

2.kāya-bhāvanā- (D III. 219)

3.mettā-bhāvanā- (J I.196)

4.paññā-bhāvanā- (D III. 219)

5.samādhi-bhāvanā- development of concentration (A I. 44)

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• There are five types of bhāvanā:

1.citta-bhāvanā- (D III. 219)

2.kāya-bhāvanā- (D III. 219)

3.mettā-bhāvanā- (J I.196)

4.paññā-bhāvanā- (D III. 219)

5.samādhi-bhāvanā- development of concentration (A I. 44)

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True

False

• Bhāvana is one of the Three Bases of Merit as outlined in the Puññakiriyavatthu Sutta (A IV 146) along with generosity (dāna) and ethical conduct (sīla).

• Merit (puṇya/puñña) is an important concept within Buddhist thought. It is what is accumulated through good and wholesome deeds. The production of merit is important as it can have positive effects on the lives of individuals, generate desirable rebirths and also allow one to access higher levels of spiritual attainment

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• Bhāvana is one of the Three Bases of Merit as outlined in the Puññakiriyavatthu Sutta (A IV 146) along with generosity (dāna) and ethical conduct (sīla).

• Merit (puṇya/puñña) is an important concept within Buddhist thought. It is what is accumulated through good and wholesome deeds. The production of merit is important as it can have positive effects on the lives of individuals, generate desirable rebirths and also allow one to access higher levels of spiritual attainment

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A. Worship

B. Pilgrimage

C. Listening to a sermon

For the laity acts of cultivation focus on devotional acts as these cause religious states of mind. This covers:•Worship (pūja) can take the form of prostrationns, circumambulation and the offering of flowers, lamps or incense.•Pilgrimage to holy sites such as Bodh Gaya, Sarnath and Lumbini. Also one can visit any local stūpas and relics.•Creation of images of the Buddha.•Listening to a sermon or Dharma talk

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True

False

• For the Saṅgha the practice of bhāvana can take several forms:• The preservation of texts and scriptures.• Devotional practices much like those of the laity

including pūja, pilgrimage and the creation of art and Buddha images.

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• For the Saṅgha the practice of bhāvana can take several forms:• The preservation of texts and scriptures.• Devotional practices much like those of the laity

including pūja, pilgrimage and the creation of art and Buddha images.

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What would this statue be used for?

(Myanmar, 2009)

A. Punishment

B. Meditation

C. Initiating novices

• This statue of a corpse is used by monks as a tool for meditation as it makes them reflect on the nature of life and reality (Myanmar, 2009).

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• This statue of a corpse is used by monks as a tool for meditation as it makes them reflect on the nature of life and reality (Myanmar, 2009).

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A. Separation

B. Recollection

C. Dejection

• Meditation can take the form of recollections (anusmṛti/anussati) of the Buddha, Saṅgha and Dharma.

• Recollections can be seen as the basis on ‘calm’ (śamatha/samatha) meditation. This form of meditation stills the mind, it is understood to be a vital tool in developing concentration.

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• Meditation can take the form of recollections (anusmṛti/anussati) of the Buddha, Saṅgha and Dharma.

• Recollections can be seen as the basis on ‘calm’ (śamatha/samatha) meditation. This form of meditation stills the mind, it is understood to be a vital tool in developing concentration.

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True

False

• Once one has calmed the mind then they can engage in insight’ (vipaśyanā/vipassanā) meditation. This form of meditation allows the individual to gain insight into the true nature of reality.

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• Once one has calmed the mind then they can engage in insight’ (vipaśyanā/vipassanā) meditation. This form of meditation allows the individual to gain insight into the true nature of reality.

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A. Development of concentration

B. Development of the body

C. Development of the mind

Citta-bhāvanā is one of the forms of bhāvanā as listed earlier:•citta-bhāvanā- development of the mind (D III. 219)•kāya-bhāvanā- development of the body (D III. 219)

•mettā-bhāvanā- development of loving kindness (J I.196)

•paññā-bhāvanā- development of wisdom (D III. 219)

•samādhi-bhāvanā- development of concentration (A I. 44)

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Citta-bhāvanā is one of the forms of bhāvanā as listed earlier:•citta-bhāvanā- development of the mind (D III. 219)•kāya-bhāvanā- development of the body (D III. 219)

•mettā-bhāvanā- development of loving kindness (J I.196)

•paññā-bhāvanā- development of wisdom (D III. 219)

•samādhi-bhāvanā- development of concentration (A I. 44)

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True

False

• Merit is essentially good karma.• Karma or kamma can be translated as ‘action’.• In brahmanical society it was initially understood in terms

of ritual behaviour. If one performed a certain ritual action it would have a specific result.

• Ideas concerning karma evolved and all actions were understood to cause an effect. Actions performed by an individual would cause some sort of effect on the individual in this life, or even in a later life.

• Merit is essentially good karma.• Karma or kamma can be translated as ‘action’.• In brahmanical society it was initially understood in terms

of ritual behaviour. If one performed a certain ritual action it would have a specific result.

• Ideas concerning karma evolved and all actions were understood to cause an effect. Actions performed by an individual would cause some sort of effect on the individual in this life, or even in a later life.