Bhagats-Bani2-powerpoint

Bhagats & BaniBhagats & Bani

An IntroductionAn Introduction

Some questions you may have? Some questions you may have?

How does one religious movement explicitly How does one religious movement explicitly incorporate the writings of others into its incorporate the writings of others into its scriptures? scriptures?

Who are the Bhagats? Who are the Bhagats?

Why were some writings chosen and why Why were some writings chosen and why were some rejected?were some rejected?

Is the same message delivered or does it Is the same message delivered or does it clash with main scripture? clash with main scripture?

Bhagat ? Sant ?Bhagat ? Sant ?

The word “sant” is derived from the word The word “sant” is derived from the word “sat- (to be and true)- meaning one who “sat- (to be and true)- meaning one who knows truth comprehends realityknows truth comprehends reality

Not the same as Christians- “saint” – no Not the same as Christians- “saint” – no sainthood in Sikhismsainthood in Sikhism

Bhagat- Sanskrit root- “bhaj” to shareBhagat- Sanskrit root- “bhaj” to share

Sikhi- 1. devotee or worshiper Sikhi- 1. devotee or worshiper

Who are the Bhagats & Sants? Who are the Bhagats & Sants?

Caste not an issue!- namdev- “chimba- cotton Caste not an issue!- namdev- “chimba- cotton printer, ravidas “chamar”-cobblerprinter, ravidas “chamar”-cobblerBrahmins – Ramanand,Parmanand, SurdasBrahmins – Ramanand,Parmanand, SurdasLocation- bengal (jaidev) Kabir (benaras)Location- bengal (jaidev) Kabir (benaras)Muslim Kabir/Farid- 2 different types Muslim Kabir/Farid- 2 different types Shahedi – Jaidev/sadhna/Kabir? Shahedi – Jaidev/sadhna/Kabir? Time- Farid- 12C AD Mardana 16C AD Time- Farid- 12C AD Mardana 16C AD Amount- Kabir -292 hymms Pipa 1 hymm 8.2% Amount- Kabir -292 hymms Pipa 1 hymm 8.2% SGGSJ sees beyond, time, caste, region,SGGSJ sees beyond, time, caste, region,Guru Ravidass: Guru or Bhagat? Guru Ravidass: Guru or Bhagat?

Collection of Bhagat Bani ? Collection of Bhagat Bani ?

4 major theories 4 major theories 1.poet/sants bhakti movement 1.poet/sants bhakti movement Travelled village to village singing songs Travelled village to village singing songs Adapted to the location, rythhm and Adapted to the location, rythhm and languagelanguageWorking men and women began to sing & Working men and women began to sing & remember themremember themVia this tradition that the Guru’s obtained Via this tradition that the Guru’s obtained the message.the message.

Theory 2 Theory 2

1604- What happened / who was the scribe? 1604- What happened / who was the scribe? Was his work included ? Was his work included ? Mira Bai (in addtion to other bhagats and their works ) Mira Bai (in addtion to other bhagats and their works ) approached Guru Arjan Devji for their inclusion into approached Guru Arjan Devji for their inclusion into SGGSJiSGGSJiSome accepted , some rejected Some accepted , some rejected 4 rejected – Kanha, Chhju Pilo and Shah Hussain- non 4 rejected – Kanha, Chhju Pilo and Shah Hussain- non conforming to spiritual tone of Gursikhi. (different conforming to spiritual tone of Gursikhi. (different reasons) reasons) Many of the bhagats lived before Guru Arjan Devji could Many of the bhagats lived before Guru Arjan Devji could result in difficulties in understanding their works result in difficulties in understanding their works Not Solely responsible for the inclusion Not Solely responsible for the inclusion

Theory 3Theory 3

Guru Nanak introduced Bhagat bani to Guru Nanak introduced Bhagat bani to SGGs Ji SGGs Ji

Guru Nanak Uddasis’s introduced him to Guru Nanak Uddasis’s introduced him to works of various santsworks of various sants

Punjab- FaridPunjab- Farid

Bengal- jaidev Bengal- jaidev

Benaraes- Kabir/RavidassBenaraes- Kabir/Ravidass

Theory 4Theory 4

Guru Amar das-who was he ? Guru Amar das-who was he ?

Previous life Vaninshav Caste Hindu Previous life Vaninshav Caste Hindu

11stst Guru to actively use names of Bhagats in own Guru to actively use names of Bhagats in own works ”Kabir/Namdev”works ”Kabir/Namdev”

Emphasis of continuity and differences with Emphasis of continuity and differences with signature to scripture. signature to scripture.

““namdev and kabir obtained their spiritual status namdev and kabir obtained their spiritual status from the perfect Guru” M3.Siri Ragu SGGSp67 from the perfect Guru” M3.Siri Ragu SGGSp67

Which theory is correct? Which theory is correct?

All are correct in some form! All are correct in some form! Guru Arjan dev Ji did have a selection Guru Arjan dev Ji did have a selection process on sants bani process on sants bani Guru Amardas Ji was a vanishav caste Guru Amardas Ji was a vanishav caste and did comment on bhagats baniand did comment on bhagats baniGuru Nanak did travel far and wide Guru Nanak did travel far and wide Bhakti movement of singing songs of Bhakti movement of singing songs of poets did exist poets did exist Sikhs should accept it as so! Sikhs should accept it as so!

Why was Bhagat Bani included? Why was Bhagat Bani included?

1.Universe of Discourse1.Universe of Discourse

2.Divine Name 2.Divine Name

3.Religious Pluralism3.Religious Pluralism

4.Self Definition 4.Self Definition

5 Feelings and emotions 5 Feelings and emotions

Universal discourse Universal discourse

Bhakti movement start 7thC spread north to PunjabBhakti movement start 7thC spread north to PunjabTwo different groups– Nirguna vs Saguna Two different groups– Nirguna vs Saguna Included different religions into this tradition (Kabir & Included different religions into this tradition (Kabir &

Jaidev) Jaidev) Groups locked in man made limits- names for god , modes Groups locked in man made limits- names for god , modes

of worship, language 7 dietary codesof worship, language 7 dietary codesTheological differences in beliefs and practices provide Theological differences in beliefs and practices provide

foundation for different identities and ideologies of foundation for different identities and ideologies of different groups different groups

Sikhism attempts to transcend man made barriers and Sikhism attempts to transcend man made barriers and focus on common ideals and goals.focus on common ideals and goals.

Gita for the Hindu’s Koran for the Muslims SSGGS for ALL Gita for the Hindu’s Koran for the Muslims SSGGS for ALL

Divine NameDivine Name

All had a vision of “Akal Purakh All had a vision of “Akal Purakh All followed discipline of the Bhagat and Nam Simran All followed discipline of the Bhagat and Nam Simran Farid “they who forget the divine name become a burden Farid “they who forget the divine name become a burden on earth” Jaidev “gods name is the sole ambrosia and on earth” Jaidev “gods name is the sole ambrosia and essence of life”essence of life”All yearn for NaamAll yearn for Naam5999 times Naam appears in sggsji “name is the total 5999 times Naam appears in sggsji “name is the total expression that is god (Sat Naam- his/her name is true)expression that is god (Sat Naam- his/her name is true)Name of God and Names of God Name of God and Names of God Ram,Hari,Govind,Parmeshavar- all hindu ? Ram,Hari,Govind,Parmeshavar- all hindu ? Allah, Khuda,,Rahim,Karim- all muslim ? Allah, Khuda,,Rahim,Karim- all muslim ? All designated names of different traditions only – All designated names of different traditions only – Satnam goes beyond these.Satnam goes beyond these.

Religious PluralismReligious Pluralism

Co-existence of many religions in society we live ? Co-existence of many religions in society we live ? Sikhism born in environment of Hindu/Muslim tension ? Sikhism born in environment of Hindu/Muslim tension ? Guru Nanak respected both and rejected both Guru Nanak respected both and rejected both Defined true Muslim/hindu/yogi- emphasised the divine Defined true Muslim/hindu/yogi- emphasised the divine truth- karam not dharma!truth- karam not dharma!Is Sikhism and mix of Hinduism & Islam? Is Sikhism and mix of Hinduism & Islam? Bhagat Bani contains some element which contradict Bhagat Bani contains some element which contradict main ideals.main ideals.Is Sikhism a way of Life? Is Sikhism a way of Life? Genuine focus of allowing us to interact with all, Genuine focus of allowing us to interact with all, races ,creeds, faiths and castes- but not forgetting races ,creeds, faiths and castes- but not forgetting ourselves ourselves

Self DefinitionSelf Definition

People have to identify themselves via key People have to identify themselves via key beliefs & practices- bedrock of religious identitybeliefs & practices- bedrock of religious identityGuru Nanak devji made a distinction of his Guru Nanak devji made a distinction of his teachings to other paths.teachings to other paths.Rag ASA 465/6- (not the full quote)Rag ASA 465/6- (not the full quote)““The Muslims praise their law and they read and The Muslims praise their law and they read and dwell upon it” The Hindu’s praise the infinite dwell upon it” The Hindu’s praise the infinite forms to see the divine, the yogi’s dwell upon forms to see the divine, the yogi’s dwell upon the void. Says Nanak: the true devotees hunger the void. Says Nanak: the true devotees hunger to praise the divine; the true name is their only to praise the divine; the true name is their only support.support.

Self DefinitionSelf Definition

Guru Arjan dev Ji furthered this process.Guru Arjan dev Ji furthered this process.Treatment of Bhagat Bani – to agree use of signature – Treatment of Bhagat Bani – to agree use of signature – Kahai Kabir/ kahai Nanak Kahai Kabir/ kahai Nanak Kabir full on rejected hindu/muslim faiths and practicesKabir full on rejected hindu/muslim faiths and practicesGuru Arjan Devji- “I do not keep the Hindu fasts or the Guru Arjan Devji- “I do not keep the Hindu fasts or the Muslim fasts” I do not go on Hajj or worship Hindu Muslim fasts” I do not go on Hajj or worship Hindu temples, I offer neither Hindu Puja nor Muslim Namaz, temples, I offer neither Hindu Puja nor Muslim Namaz, My body and soul belong to the one who is called Allah My body and soul belong to the one who is called Allah and Ram, Kabir has uttered the truth” (sggs p1136 not and Ram, Kabir has uttered the truth” (sggs p1136 not the completed quote)the completed quote)Emphasises continuity and similarities with Kabir Emphasises continuity and similarities with Kabir But reject both main religions and asserts Sikh own But reject both main religions and asserts Sikh own identity. identity.

Feelings and emotionsFeelings and emotions

Different people have different Different people have different experiences of the same divine beingexperiences of the same divine beingBhagat Bani has different themes that Bhagat Bani has different themes that sometimes agree with Guru’ teaching but sometimes agree with Guru’ teaching but sometimes can be seen to contradict. sometimes can be seen to contradict. Life is full of different experiences and Life is full of different experiences and feelings SGGs Ji know them all feelings SGGs Ji know them all Everyone has a different spiritual path- Everyone has a different spiritual path- Hukumnama for all Hukumnama for all

Sheikh Farid Sheikh Farid

Muslim Pir born 1173 ADMuslim Pir born 1173 AD

Understood the Koran by aged 8 yrs oldUnderstood the Koran by aged 8 yrs old

Lifetime of study and then became an Islamic Lifetime of study and then became an Islamic Missionary via Sufi movementMissionary via Sufi movement

He had several wives, 5 sons, 3 daughters and He had several wives, 5 sons, 3 daughters and innumerable devoted followersinnumerable devoted followers

Lived a life of prayer, fasts, Lived a life of prayer, fasts,

Strict adherent of Islamic way of lifeStrict adherent of Islamic way of life

11stst Punjabi poet of the land of 5 rivers Punjabi poet of the land of 5 rivers

Sheikh Farid in SGGSJISheikh Farid in SGGSJI

DEATHDEATH- “For that young girls marriage, the day - “For that young girls marriage, the day was fixed, Twisting and cracking the frame, he was fixed, Twisting and cracking the frame, he forces life out, The soul is the bride, and death is forces life out, The soul is the bride, and death is the bridegroom finer than a hair is that bridge of the bridegroom finer than a hair is that bridge of hell, How can they who have been led astray by hell, How can they who have been led astray by Satan turn their mind to God?Satan turn their mind to God?

Bridge ? Death ? Bridegroom? Satan? Sikhi? Bridge ? Death ? Bridegroom? Satan? Sikhi?

Designed to make people remember death and Designed to make people remember death and not to over indulge.not to over indulge.


SEPERATIONSEPERATION: “I slept not with my : “I slept not with my husband last night; my body is pining husband last night; my body is pining away” away”

People talk of the agony of the beloved’s People talk of the agony of the beloved’s separation but for me, O love it is the lord separation but for me, O love it is the lord of life, for the body in which such agony of life, for the body in which such agony does not spring, is like a crematorium does not spring, is like a crematorium

Similar to Guru Angad Dev JISimilar to Guru Angad Dev JI


Development of virtuesDevelopment of virtues ”speak never a rude ”speak never a rude word to any one: break no heart as every heart word to any one: break no heart as every heart is a priceless jewel”, honesty, humility,is a priceless jewel”, honesty, humility,

True devoteesTrue devotees “They who are soaked in god’s “They who are soaked in god’s love remain imbrued with his vision”love remain imbrued with his vision”

Farid employs God as: Farid employs God as: Infinite, inaccessible, Infinite, inaccessible, great, real, a judge and omnipotent.great, real, a judge and omnipotent.

He also uses Muslim names for God, Allah, He also uses Muslim names for God, Allah, Khuda, Rabb. Khuda, Rabb.

Guru Nanak & FaridGuru Nanak & Farid

GraceGrace: Farid- Gods gift is only via personal effort : Farid- Gods gift is only via personal effort of devotee’s. (fasts, prayers, charity)of devotee’s. (fasts, prayers, charity)

Guru Nanak Dev Ji- God’s grace is free for all, Guru Nanak Dev Ji- God’s grace is free for all, and separate from all.and separate from all.

Divine Union via self-torture Divine Union via self-torture Farid- strict self Farid- strict self torture- walk on firewood to meet the beloved.torture- walk on firewood to meet the beloved.

Guru Nanak Dev Ji- why harm the beautiful body Guru Nanak Dev Ji- why harm the beautiful body that God has given? Live a life of moderation.that God has given? Live a life of moderation.


Death:Death: Farid: purely Islamic, fire of hell, Farid: purely Islamic, fire of hell, angel of death, and Satanangel of death, and Satan

Guru Nanak Dev Ji: reincarnation & Guru Nanak Dev Ji: reincarnation & transmigration transmigration

Punishment & Forgiveness: Punishment & Forgiveness: Farid- god Farid- god is a punisher on wicked and offendersis a punisher on wicked and offenders

Guru Nanak Dev Ji: compassionate God, Guru Nanak Dev Ji: compassionate God, boundless gifts & boons.boundless gifts & boons.


Divine Union: Divine Union: Farid- only after the torture Farid- only after the torture of life itself of life itself

Guru Nanak Dev Ji- Its here and now , one Guru Nanak Dev Ji- Its here and now , one can achieve a mystical union now and full can achieve a mystical union now and full union at death. union at death.

Farid- pessimistic about , Life, society,Farid- pessimistic about , Life, society,

Guru Nanak Devji Optimistic about Life Guru Nanak Devji Optimistic about Life and society.and society.

Guru Amar Dass & FaridGuru Amar Dass & Farid

Age:Age:Farid Farid – – must be of a certain age to follow must be of a certain age to follow God’s path of love- when hair is black or its too God’s path of love- when hair is black or its too late.late.Guru Amar dass- divine grace dictates not Guru Amar dass- divine grace dictates not personal effort- what is the irony? personal effort- what is the irony? AsceticAscetic: Farid- separate from society, wear : Farid- separate from society, wear certain clothes, reject fine silks- to purify the certain clothes, reject fine silks- to purify the bodybodyGuru Amar Dass- Good intention/action purify Guru Amar Dass- Good intention/action purify the soul, the soul, not clothesnot clothes, within a family life- , within a family life- positive contribution to society. positive contribution to society.

Guru Arjan & FaridGuru Arjan & Farid

Gloomy view of life- Gloomy view of life- Farid- “if you cut of my Farid- “if you cut of my throat had been cut on the same day as navel throat had been cut on the same day as navel string, I should not have so much trouble and string, I should not have so much trouble and hardship”hardship”

Guru Arjan dev Ji- “world is a garden, Farid, in Guru Arjan dev Ji- “world is a garden, Farid, in which some poison –bearing plants grow, but which some poison –bearing plants grow, but they for whom the master cares do not suffer at they for whom the master cares do not suffer at all”all”

Life is a magnificent opportunity! Simran & Seva, Life is a magnificent opportunity! Simran & Seva,

Bhagat JaidevBhagat Jaidev

Born around 12C AD Bengal – lack of materialBorn around 12C AD Bengal – lack of material

Brahmin, later became a wandering ascetic Brahmin, later became a wandering ascetic devoted to “Jagannath (Lord of the world) devoted to “Jagannath (Lord of the world) changed to lead family life once marriedchanged to lead family life once married

Followed the Hindu scriptures, Idol worshiping Followed the Hindu scriptures, Idol worshiping

Suffered for his faith Hands were Cut off and he Suffered for his faith Hands were Cut off and he accepted Gods Will!accepted Gods Will!

Bhagat Jaidev in SGGSJiBhagat Jaidev in SGGSJi

2 Major works in SSGSJI2 Major works in SSGSJIBoth are Niruguni in Nature whilst his Both are Niruguni in Nature whilst his major “Hindu” works are predominantly major “Hindu” works are predominantly “sarguni” “sarguni” Gitagovind – Famous Hindu- Large Gitagovind – Famous Hindu- Large following among the Vaishnava’s. This following among the Vaishnava’s. This shows how the Guru’s were selectiveshows how the Guru’s were selectiveUse of various names of God , Hari, Use of various names of God , Hari, Govinda,in a non incarnated senseGovinda,in a non incarnated sense


Famous phrase “rama-nama (God’s Famous phrase “rama-nama (God’s Name) used by the Guru’s for the Name) used by the Guru’s for the discipline of meditation on divine name. discipline of meditation on divine name.

““Hari Bhagati”- devotion to God must Hari Bhagati”- devotion to God must overflow in one’s thoughts, words and overflow in one’s thoughts, words and deeds. deeds.

Praises the householders way of life?Praises the householders way of life?

Is his work really his own? Is his work really his own?

Major work- Maru Ragu- talks about Major work- Maru Ragu- talks about regulated breathing in yoga positions to regulated breathing in yoga positions to become one with Godbecome one with God

He is appealing to God for help to He is appealing to God for help to overcome his 5 internal enemiesovercome his 5 internal enemies

Controversy- Influenced Hatha Yoga/Yogi Controversy- Influenced Hatha Yoga/Yogi Bhajan, and the Alpha Punjabi dudeBhajan, and the Alpha Punjabi dude

Do Sikhs believe in yoga as a path to Do Sikhs believe in yoga as a path to enlightenment? enlightenment?


Bhagat Kabir Ji in SGGS JiBhagat Kabir Ji in SGGS Ji

Born Benaras beginning of 15C AD Born Benaras beginning of 15C AD Belonged to family of so-called low cast weavers that Belonged to family of so-called low cast weavers that recently converted to Islam (Islamic Sufi)recently converted to Islam (Islamic Sufi)As a child he was rejected by both the Hindu's and As a child he was rejected by both the Hindu's and Muslims (Ram Ram, Kafir) Muslims (Ram Ram, Kafir) Several attempts made to torture him by Muslims and Several attempts made to torture him by Muslims and the Hindu’s- (elephant, drowning) the Hindu’s- (elephant, drowning) Famously rejected circumcision- “If circumcision makes Famously rejected circumcision- “If circumcision makes a man a Muslim what about a women”? a man a Muslim what about a women”? Basics- belief in one god, all to remember him, must Basics- belief in one god, all to remember him, must obey his will, god treats all the same as one. obey his will, god treats all the same as one. EVERYTHING IS GOD’S CREATION.EVERYTHING IS GOD’S CREATION.

Bhagat Kabir Ji in SGGS JiBhagat Kabir Ji in SGGS JiRejected Hinduism- Rejected Hinduism-

Idol worshiping,Idol worshiping,

Brahmins- CastismBrahmins- Castism

pointless rituals,(food, and bathing). pointless rituals,(food, and bathing).

God only realised via the Brahmin and via God only realised via the Brahmin and via SanskritSanskrit

Pilgrimage to Ganges,Orissa, BenaresPilgrimage to Ganges,Orissa, Benares

Yogic practices – (God is in the Heart not the Yogic practices – (God is in the Heart not the forest)forest)

What can Sikhs learn from this? What can Sikhs learn from this?

Bhagat Kabir Ji in SGGS JiBhagat Kabir Ji in SGGS JiRejected IslamRejected Islam

Islam/Koran not the only way forward Islam/Koran not the only way forward

Pilgrimages Pilgrimages

Fasting for a month only Fasting for a month only

Sole Usage of Islamic names for god Sole Usage of Islamic names for god

Diet- you chant god’s name then kill a Diet- you chant god’s name then kill a chicken? chicken?

What Sikhs can learn from this? What Sikhs can learn from this?

Separated himself from all!Separated himself from all!““I have discarded the writings of Pandits and Mullahs, I I have discarded the writings of Pandits and Mullahs, I have taken nothing out of them. If purity is in your heart have taken nothing out of them. If purity is in your heart you can behold the lord”you can behold the lord”Declares himself as a “child” of one who is known by Declares himself as a “child” of one who is known by different namesdifferent namesTrue religiousness is inwardly denounces all external True religiousness is inwardly denounces all external observancesobservancesBiraha- talks of the pain of being separated from true Biraha- talks of the pain of being separated from true spouse - GODspouse - GODDevotion is a solitary one- nobody can halt or delay or Devotion is a solitary one- nobody can halt or delay or influence his path to enlightenment. influence his path to enlightenment. What happened to the Saad Sangat? “What happened to the Saad Sangat? “Sarbat Da Bhala”Sarbat Da Bhala”



Rejected his Family and Job as a Weaver Rejected his Family and Job as a Weaver and resorted to praying and begging and resorted to praying and begging “Kabir has given up setting the loom and “Kabir has given up setting the loom and weaving: On his body he has written the weaving: On his body he has written the name of Ram” name of Ram”

What does Guru Nanak tell us to do? 3 What does Guru Nanak tell us to do? 3 key rules? key rules?

Guru Amar Dass & KabirGuru Amar Dass & Kabir

Divine Grace:Divine Grace: Kabir- “ I have crushed and Kabir- “ I have crushed and grounded my own self, yet YOU O Beloved, grounded my own self, yet YOU O Beloved, never had a word for me” never had a word for me” Losing patience after his efforts? Losing patience after his efforts? Amar Dass:- “this cup of love belongs to the lord, Amar Dass:- “this cup of love belongs to the lord, and he himself gives it to himand he himself gives it to himDivine grace is as a result of selfless devotion, Divine grace is as a result of selfless devotion, with no gain in mind, with no gain in mind, Personal effort alone does not equal salvation? Personal effort alone does not equal salvation? Dying whilst living, surrender ourselves to the Dying whilst living, surrender ourselves to the Hukum. Hukum.


Karma & Rebirth: Karma & Rebirth: Kabir- Your chance of Kabir- Your chance of human life does not come again and again, once human life does not come again and again, once a ripe fruit falls you can’t stick it back on the tree. a ripe fruit falls you can’t stick it back on the tree. Unique opportunity of human life, to break birth Unique opportunity of human life, to break birth and death cycle. and death cycle. Amar dass- this life is unique, and that one can Amar dass- this life is unique, and that one can achieve liberation , yet again by obeying God’s achieve liberation , yet again by obeying God’s Hukum and only via his grace.Hukum and only via his grace.Agreement with Kabir but distinguished SIKH Agreement with Kabir but distinguished SIKH belief of Gurprassad. belief of Gurprassad.


Sahaj State: Sahaj State: Kabir- develop on your own, withdraw from Kabir- develop on your own, withdraw from society and life in the world. He also rejected his family society and life in the world. He also rejected his family business.business.

““Whatever I propose, God disposes, so why propose and Whatever I propose, God disposes, so why propose and scheme? For whatever GOD proposes, He does”scheme? For whatever GOD proposes, He does”

Accepts divine will with a negative, escapist attitude Accepts divine will with a negative, escapist attitude Amar Dass- “He puts care (Amar Dass- “He puts care (chintachinta) in us, he makes us ) in us, he makes us

carefree, (carefree, (achint) achint) give praise to that one who takes care give praise to that one who takes care of all. of all.

One can participate in the world and let God take care of One can participate in the world and let God take care of all of our affairs. all of our affairs.

Guru Arjan & KabirGuru Arjan & Kabir

Saints & Sinners: Saints & Sinners: Kabir- strongly opposed to Kabir- strongly opposed to association with sinners, describes them as association with sinners, describes them as “Meat Eaters, drinkers,” By touching a blackened “Meat Eaters, drinkers,” By touching a blackened Vessel, one is sure to get stained” Vessel, one is sure to get stained” For Kabir the door of liberation is now closed for For Kabir the door of liberation is now closed for them. them. One must stay away from bad moral influence of One must stay away from bad moral influence of sinners? sinners? Sikhs are positive, must stay in the sangat and Sikhs are positive, must stay in the sangat and achieve salvation, must work, and surrender achieve salvation, must work, and surrender ourselves to god with no thoughts of gains!ourselves to god with no thoughts of gains!

Guru Arjan & KabirGuru Arjan & Kabir

Saints & Sinners: Saints & Sinners: Amar Dass- Every Amar Dass- Every Sinner is a potential Sant.Sinner is a potential Sant.Door of the holy sangat is always open.Door of the holy sangat is always open.In the correct context, one must stay away In the correct context, one must stay away from bad places , bad people i.e. PUB’s from bad places , bad people i.e. PUB’s CLUBS and BHANGRA GIGS. CLUBS and BHANGRA GIGS. Balanced approach, one should neither Balanced approach, one should neither flee from sinners nor indulge in their flee from sinners nor indulge in their company.company.

ConclusionConclusion

1.Universe of Discourse1.Universe of Discourse

2.Divine Name 2.Divine Name

3.Religious Pluralism3.Religious Pluralism

4.Self Definition 4.Self Definition

5 Feelings and emotions5 Feelings and emotions

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