A PRESENTATION BY –ANZAR HASSANB.Sc.B.Ed. (4TH SEMESTER)CENTRAL UNIVERSITY OF BIHAR

He was born on 30th October1909, in a very wealthy andprominent industrial Parsifamily, in Bombay.

His father was JehangirHormusji Bhabha, a wellknown lawyer and hismother was Meheren .

ABOUT THE LIFE OF BHABHA

He received his early education at Cathedral and John Connon School of Bombay.

He attended Elphinstone College at the age of 15 for higher education.

He joined Royal Institute of Science , Bombay for graduate studies.

In 1927, he was sent to Caius College of Cambridge University to obtain mechanical engineering.

His father wanted him to become an engineer and to join Tata Steel Mills , Jamshedpur as a metallurgist.

Bhabha was interested in higher research in the field of Physics.

I seriously say to you that business or job as an engineer isnot the thing for me.it is totally foreign to my nature andradically opposed to my temperament, and opinions. Physicsis my line. I know I shall do great things here. For, each mancan do best and excel in only one thing of which he ispassionately fond, in which he believes, as I do, and that hehas the ability to do it, that he is in fact born and destined todo it. Besides, India is not a land where science cannot becarried on………………….

I am burning with a desire to do physics. I will and must doit some time. It is my only ambition. I have no desire to be asuccessful man or the head of a big firm

EXCERPT FROM BHABHA’S LETTER TO HIS PARENTS

CONTRIBUTION TO SCIENCEBhabha investigated positron interactions in a number of his papers using

Dirac’s hole theory.

He wrote a paper on “Annihilation of Fast Positrons by Electrons in the k-shell” which was received by Royal Society on May 4,1934.

The work on this paper was begun at Cambridge and finished at Institute of physics in Rome.

The crowning achievement of this group of papers on positron interactions was Bhabha’s investigation of electron-positron scattering, a process now known as “Bhabha Scattering”.

BHABHA SCATTERINGThe title of the paper was “The Scattering of Positrons by Electrons with Exchange

on Dirac’s theory of positron”.

This paper was received by Royal Society on October, 20, 1935.

Moller has already discovered the phenomenon of electron-electron scattering also known as Moller Scattering.

Moller scattering is the process of mutual conversion of electron-electron pair into electromagnetic radiation.

Bhabha explained the process for electron and positron pair.

BHABHA SCATTERINGMutual conversion of particle-particle pair into electromagnetic radiation.

CONTRIBUTION TO THE NATIONBhabha came to India in 1939 and could not

get back to England due to world war.

He joined the Physics Department of the IISc Bangalore as a special Reader, at that time headed by Sir C.V. Raman.

He started the research on the cosmic rays there.

He founded the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), in June 1945 at the campus of IISc Bangalore, with the help of Sir Dorabji Tata.

Later it was shifted to Bombay.

The main areas of research of TIFR were- cosmic ray physics, theoretical physics and pure mathematics.

It quickly gained international recognition in the field above areas.

The TIFR also served as a cradle to the highly successful nuclear programme in India.

TATA INSTITUTE OF FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH

He wanted to bring the country in the elite club of nations possessing advanced nuclear technology.

He started working with the goal of achieving self reliance in the field of nuclear science.

Atomic Energy Commission was constituted on August 10, 1948 in order to intensify studies related to exploitation of nuclear energy for benefit of the nation.

In 1954, it was brought under Department of Atomic Energy of India andBhabha became the secretary of Atomic Energy Commission.

Department of Atomic Energy functioned under the direct control of the Prime Minister Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru.

Atomic Energy Establishment, Trombay (AEET)was started by the AEC in January 3, 1954.

Later, it was renamed by Indira Gandhi as Bhabha Atomic Research Center (BARC).

All scientists and engineers engaged in the fields of reactor design and development, instrumentation, metallurgy and material science etc were transferred along with their respective programme from TIFR to AEET to become an integral part of the newly created AEET.

BARC provides a broad spectrum of scientific and technological activities extending from basic laboratory bench scale research to scaled up plant level.

BHABHA ATOMIC RESEARCH CENTER Bhabha Atomic Research Center

has already made itsimpressions in the world ofscience as one of the uniquenuclear research institutionwhere high quality researchand development is taking placein the areas of nuclear reactordesign and installation, fuelfabrication, chemical processingof depleted fuel and alsoacquired sufficient expertise inthe development of radioisotopeapplication techniques inmedicine, agriculture andindustries.

He represented India in International Atomic Energy Forums, on the Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy, in Geneva, Switzerland in 1955.

Bhabha was a member of Board of Governors of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)which aims at peaceful use of atomic energy.

He played a decisive role in shaping the laws of IAEA.

NUCLEAR FISSION

CRITICAL NUCLEAR FISSION

THE NUCLEAR REACTOR IS A KIND OF FURNANCE FOR CARRYING OUT THE CONTROLLED FISSION OF A RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL LIKE U-235 FOR PRODUCING POWER.

NUCLEAR REACTOR

• Fuel

• Coolant

• Moderator

• Control system (rods)

COMPONENTS OF NUCLEAR REACTOR

WORKING OF A NUCLEAR REACTOR

TYPES OF NUCLEAR REACTOR

FAST BREEDER REACTOR

The first stage comprises of Pressurized Heavy Water Reactors fuelled by Uranium-

235, transmutation of Uranium-238 to Plutonium-239.

The second stage employs fast breeder reactors that will use Plutonium-239 from the

first stage to produce energy and transmutation of U-238 to P-239.

Finally, the third phase aims at using thorium,

since India has abundant thorium reserves in

the beach sands of Kerala and Orrisa and

development of Advanced Heavy Water Reactor.

THREE-STAGE NUCLEAR POWER PROGRAMME

STRUCTURE OF THREE-STAGE NUCLEAR POWER PROGRAMME

He died when Air India Flight 101 crashed near Mont Blanc on 24 January 1966.

Bhabha was the founder of the nuclear programme in India.

Bhabha is also called the father of Indian nuclear science.

References- www.tifr.res.in/~hbbccc/download/dlal.pdf www.arvindguptatoys.com/arvindgupta/homibhabha.pdf www.cat.gov.in/happenings/fday09CGuest.pdf www.barc.gov.in/