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ADVANCED DAMENGINEERINGFOR DESIGNCONSTRUCTION ANDREHABILITATION

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ADVANCED DAMENGINEERINGFOR DESIGNCONSTRUCTION ANDREHABILITATION

Edited byRobert B Jansenonsulting ivil Engineer

V N NOSTR ND REINHOLDewYork

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Copyright 1988 by Van Nostrand ReinholdSoftcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1988Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 87-21066ISBN-13:978-1-4612-8205-1DOI:10. 1007/978 1 4613 0857 7 e-ISBN-13:978-1-4613-0857 7

All rights reserved. No part of this work covered by the copyright hereonmay be reproduced or used in any form or by any means-graphic electronic,or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, or informationstorage and retrieval systems-without written permission of the publisher.

Van Nostrand Reinhold115 Fifth AvenueNew York, New York 10003Van Nostrand Reinhold International Company Limited11 New Fetter LaneLondon EC4P 4EE, EnglandVan Nostrand Reinhold480 La Trobe StreetMelbourne, Victoria 3000, AustraliaMacmillan of CanadaDivision of Canada Publishing Corporation164 Commander BoulevardAgincourt, Ontario M1S 3C7, Canada16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication DataAdvanced dam engineering for design, construction,and rehabilitation.

Includes index.1. Dams-Design and construction. I. Jansen,Robert B., 1922-TC540.A331988 627 .8 87-21066

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PREF CEThe present state o the art o dam engineering has beenattained by a continuous search for new ideas and methodswhile incorporating the lessons o the past. In the last 20years particularly there have been major innovations duelargely to a concerted effort to blend the best o theory andpractice. Accompanying these achievements there has beena significant trend toward free interchange among the professional disciplines including open discussion o problems and their solutions. The inseparable relationships ohydrology geology and seismology to engineering havebeen increasingly recognized in this field where progressis founded on interdisciplinary cooperation.This book presents advances in dam engineering thathave been achieved in recent years or are under way. Attention is given to practical aspects o design constructionoperation and rehabilitation. Case histories are reviewedto demonstrate principles and procedures o proven value.Lessons drawn from or reinforced by accidents and failures are examined. The fundamentals o this field are covered primarily as a means o introducing and facilitating anunderstanding o concepts and practices that represent theleading edge o technology. Both simplified and comprehensive procedures are presented. Strong emphasis isplaced on technical aspects with only general consideration given to administrative financial social legal envi-

ronmental and political factors which though importantare covered in other publications.

The rapid progress in recent times has resulted from thecombined efforts o engineers and associated scientists asexemplified by the authorities who have contributed to thisbook. These individuals have brought extensive knowledgeto the task drawn from experience throughout the world.With the convergence o such distinguished talent the opportunity for accomplishment was substantial. I gratefullyacknowledge the generous cooperation o these writers andam indebted also to other persons and organizations thathave allowed reference to their publications; and I haveattempted to acknowledge this obligation in the sectionswhere the material is used. These courtesies are deeply appreciated.Special credit is due to C. F. Corns T. P. Dolen L BJames R. W. Kramer T. M. Leps G. Lombardi J. LoweIII J. M. Raphael and E. T. Scherich for their work asreviewers and to those who served as coordinatorsnamely C B Cecilio C F. Corns C A. Fetzer L BJames P. C Knodel R. W. Kramer J. D. Lytle E. T.Scherich and G. S Tarbox.

The participants hope that they have contributed usefullyto improved practices in the engineering o dams.

Robert B Jansen

v

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CONTENTSPREFACE

1. INTRODUCTION Robert B Jansen2 LESSONS FROM NOTABLE EVENTS

Laurence B. James, Robert B Jansen,George A. Kiersch, Thomas M Leps3 HYDROLOGY Catalino B Cecilio,

Llewellyn L. Cross, Arlen D Feldman4. GEOLOGY Arthur B Arnold, Laurence B

James, George A. Kiersch, Alan L O Neill5 SEISMOLOGY Bruce A. Bolt6. MATERIALS Timothy P Dolen, Claude A.

Fetzer, Robert B Jansen, Paul C Knodel,Ernest K Schrader, Lloyd O Timblin, Jr.7 COFFERDAMS Claude A. Fetzer, Edwin

Paul Swatek, Jr.8 EARTHQUAKE RESPONSE ANALYSIS OF

EMBANKMENTS James Michael Duncan,I M Idriss

9 EARTHFILL DAM DESIGN AND ANALYSISRobert B Jansen, Richard W Kramer, JohnLowe III, Steve J Poulos

10. EARTHFILL DAM CONSTRUCTION ANDFOUNDATION TREATMENT Claude A.Fetzer, Richard W Kramer, William FSwiger

11. E RTH FILL DAM PERFORMANCE ANDREMEDIAL MEASURES Claude A. Fetzer,Richard W Kramer, William F Swiger,Jack G Wulff

v1

8

6

1 6

153172

219

239

256

321

354

12. ROCKFILL DAM DESIGN AND ANALYSISThomas M Leps

368

13. ROCKFILL DAM CONSTRUCTION AND 388FOUNDATION TREATMENT Thomas M.Leps

14. ROCKFILL DAM PERFORMANCE AND 409REMEDIAL MEASURES Thomas M Leps

15. EARTHQUAKE RESPONSE ANALYSIS OF 416CONCRETE DAMS Anil K Chopra

16. GRAVITY DAM DESIGN AND ANALYSIS 466Charles F Corns, Ernest K Schrader,Glenn S Tarbox

17. ARCH DAM DESIGN AND ANALYSISHoward L Boggs, Robert B. Jansen, GlennS Tarbox

18. CONCRETE DAM CONSTRUCTION ANDFOUNDATION TREATMENT Ernest KSchrader, William F Swiger

19. CONCRETE DAM PERFORMANCE ANDREMEDIAL MEASURES Charles F Corns,Robert B Jansen, Giovanni Lombardi

20. SPILLWAY DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTIONJohn Lowe III, Nelson L de S Pinto,Richard P Regan, E Thomas Scherich,Ernest K Schrader

21. SPILLWAY PERFORMANCE ANDREMEDIAL MEASURES Philip H Burgi,Edward W Gray, Peter G Grey, David L.Hinchliff, Nelson L. de S Pinto, Richard P.Regan, E Thomas Scherich, Ernest KSchrader

493

540

578

6 9

647

vii

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viii Contents

22 OUTLET DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTIONRobert B Jansen Richard P Regan EThomas Scherich23 OUTLET PERFORMANCE AND REMEDIAL

MEASURES Philip H Burgi Robert BJansen Richard P Regan E ThomasScherich Ernest K Schrader

24 RESERVOIRS Laurence B James GeorgeA Kiersch

686

704

722

25 INSTRUMENTATION Lynn R Carpenter J 75David Lytle Dewayne L Misterek Bruce CMurray Jerome M Raphael

26 SURVEILLANCE Lloyd A Duscha Robert 777B Jansen

INDEX 799

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ADVANCED DAMENGINEERINGFOR DESIGNCONSTRUCTION ANDREHABILITATION