The Grouping of EU countries...

Describe the growth of groups of nations in the past 30 years, including the European

Union. 6 marks

The Exam board answer.....• E.g. The Growth of the E.U.• 1970 – consisted of Italy, France, Belgium, Netherlands,• Luxembourg and West Germany i.e. central Western• Europe.• 1973 – UK, Eire and Denmark join i.e. movement northwards• incorporating one industrial and two agricultural nations.• 1981 – Greece i.e. movement S.E. and involving a poorer• agricultural country.• 1986 – Spain and Portugal i.e. emphasising movement into• southern European countries.• 1995 – Austria (central Europe), Finland and Sweden (northern• Europe) – more affluent economies.• 2004/07 – Cyprus, Czech Rep., Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania,• Malta, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, plus Romania, Bulgaria• (07).• Other groups may

The growth of the EU1970

France

Belgium

West Germany

The growth of the EU1973 - DUKE

United Kingdom

Eire

Denmark

Movement membership to the north which is based on including an industrial nation and two agricultural nations.

Looks like …

The growth of the EU1981

Greece

Movement SE and involving a poorer agricultural country

DOE is Greek

The growth of the EU1986

Spain

Emphasising movement into Southern European countries

Portugal

The growth of the EU1995

Austria

More affluent countries

Finland

The growth of the EU 2004Hungary 2004

Poland 2004

Czech Republic 2004

Slovak Republic 2004

Slovenia 2004

Estonia 2004

Latvia 2004

Lithuania 2004

Malta 2004

Cyprus 2004

Outline two pieces of evidence that demonstrate attitudes against the grouping of nations.

(5 marks)

Evidence pointing towards views against the grouping of nations (NB

this is not the same as reasons for separatism):• Political parties opposed to the grouping of nations – UKIP• Negative votes in referendums on further developments/

constitutions within groupings• Negative campaigning in national media e.g. views against the

expansion of the E.U.

Mark schemeLevel 1 simple statements of pieces of evidence, or of

attitudesagainst the grouping of nations; or one well-developed

piece of evidence only.(0-3 marks)

Level 2 two well-developed pieces of evidence. (4-5 marks)

Watch the following political Campaigns: .....

Look at their view point and comment on their view on Europe..................

Watch the following political Campaigns: .....http://eureferendum.blogspot.com/

Look at their view point and comment on their view on Europe..................

Referendum A referendum (is a direct vote in which an entire electorate is

asked to either accept or reject a particular proposal.

This may result in the adoption of a new constitution, a constitutional amendment, a law, the recall of an elected official

or simply a specific government policy.

Referendums are rare and the only referendum proposal to be put to the entire UK electorate was in 1975 on continued membership of the European Economic Community.

Referendums have been held in individual parts of the United Kingdom on issues relating to devolution in Scotland and Wales, a regional assembly for the North-East of England, and two separate polls on the status of Northern Ireland; but since 1973, when the first one was held, only eight major referendums have been conducted.

UK Referendums

Evidence 2: European Elections

Every five years the UK picks members for the European Parliament, which is one of the main parts of the European Union, along with the European Commission and the European Council.

In 2009, the 72 UK MEPs who are elected will join 664 other MEPs from across the European Union (EU).

Together they form a 736-member parliament, which aims to provide a voice for the people of the EU.

The voting system is pretty complicated. Instead of voting for one candidate you vote for a political party.

The party then picks your MEP from a list it has drawn up. The more votes your party gets, the more MEPs it can pick from its list.

European Elections

With reference to examples:(i) identify reasons why separatist pressures

exist (6 marks)(ii) discuss the consequences of separatist

pressures. (7 marks)

Causes of separatism. Feelings of alienation due to. Forexample:

Historical allegiances, e.g. Quebec allegiances to FrancePeripheral location, e.g. Scots and Welsh nationalists

Religious differences, e.g. the former Yugoslavia, Kurds inTurkey and Iraq

Economic depression, e.g. Breton nationalism in FranceCultural differences, e.g. Chechens in Russia

Language differences, e.g. most of above (and Basques andCatalans of Spain) – often

differences are manifested in termsof language and religion.

Note: many of these examples are due to a multiplicity of reasons.

The consequences of separatist pressure may be either peaceful

or non-peaceful:• The establishment/maintenance of own societies and

norms – separate cultural identities within a country(e.g. The Bretons in France)

• The protection of a language through the media andeducation (e.g. The Welsh, Catalan)

• The growth of separate political parties and devolvedpower (e.g. The Scottish and Welsh Nationalists)

• Civil disobedience (e.g. The Friends of Owen Glendwr)• Terrorist Violence (e.g. The Basques, Chechnya)

• Civil War (e.g. East Timor, Tamil Tigers).