Beyond WAP By Zhongyin J. Daye Han-Chung Lee. Agenda Introduction –WAP Protocol Stack –Future...
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Transcript of Beyond WAP By Zhongyin J. Daye Han-Chung Lee. Agenda Introduction –WAP Protocol Stack –Future...
![Page 1: Beyond WAP By Zhongyin J. Daye Han-Chung Lee. Agenda Introduction –WAP Protocol Stack –Future Wireless Environment –Problem Facing WAP Application Layer.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649d575503460f94a355e0/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Beyond WAP
By Zhongyin J. Daye
Han-Chung Lee
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Agenda
• Introduction– WAP Protocol Stack
– Future Wireless Environment
– Problem Facing WAP
• Application Layer
• Transport Layer
• Conclusion
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WAP Protocol Stack
• WAP has layer-to-layer communication.
• Wireless Datagram Protocol (WDP) runs on top of different network bearer.
• Wireless Transaction Protocol operates on top of WDP.
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Future Wireless Environment
Source: Merill Lynch, WAP Forum, & Beyond WAP Group
Platform NetworkingSystem
Cost per BaseStation
Cost perOperator
Maximum DataTransmissionRate
CDPD TDMA Circuit Switched $500-1000 $3-6 million 32kbpsHSCSD GSM Circuit Switched $4000 $20-30 million 57.6kbpsGPRS GSM Packet Switched $20,000 $50-120 million 115kbpsEDGE GSM Packet Switched $70,000 $300-600
million384kbps
IS-136+ TDMA Circuit/PacketSwitched
$20,000 $50-120 million 64kbps
IS-95B CDMA Packet Switched $20,000 $50-120 million 64kbps1XRTT CDMA Packet Switched $70,000 $300-600
million144kbps
W-CDMA GSM/PDC
Packet Switched N/A N/A 2Mbps
IS-136HS/UWC-136
TMDA Packet Switched $70,000 $300-600million
384kbps
CDMA2000 CDMA Packet Switched N/A N/A 144kbps
Generation Attributes ApplicationsFirst Analog Basic VoiceSecond Digital, 9.6kbps Advanced Voice, SMS2.5 Digital, 57.6-384kbps SMS, InternetThird Digital, 384kbps-2Mbps Video, Internet, Multimedia
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Problems Facing WAP
• WAP only support simple graphic and text in one specific format and is not compatible with the Internet.
• 3G wireless applications will be dominate by streaming multimedia, which WAP does not support.
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Agenda
• Introduction
• Application Layer– iMode
– Java (Accessory Application Support)
– Mobile Markup Language (MML)
– WAP 2.0
• Transport Layer
• Conclusion
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iMode
Imode WAPcHTML WMLPacket switched Circuit switchedColored gifs Wireless (uncolored) bmpApplication and appletdownloads
Server-centricapplication
Current Service Comparison:
Source: Eurotechnology Japan K. K., NTT DoCoMo, & Beyond WAP Group
NTT DoCoMo & Java Alliance
- enhanced security
- game downloads
- vector-driven client-generated graphics
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JavaJava™ 2 Platform, Micro Edition (J2ME)
- allows dynamic download of new applications over wireless networks
- vector-driven client-generated graphics ensures viability of real-time games such as Tetric and 3D Maze
K virtual Machine (KVM)
- provides highly optimized runtime environment for small hand-held devices
- offers multithreading and garbage collection
- compatible with Java 2 Platform, Standard Edition (J2SE) & Java 2 Platform, Enterprise Edition (J2EE)
Mobile Information Device (MID) profile offers APIs facilitating user interface, persistent storage, security and messaging on wireless devices.
Source: Sun Microsystems, Inc.
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Java (Continued)
JavaPhone provides direct telephony control, datagram messaging, address book and calendar information, user profile access, power monitoring, and application installation.
Source: Sun Microsystems, Inc.
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Mobile Markup Language(MML)
Subset Principle: uses different application environment package for different devices
S-MML M-MML Full MML12 letters by 4lines display
¼ VGA display PC display
No Images Images support Images supportTables notindicated
Tables not indicated Tablesindicated
Source: MOBIDY & Beyond WAP Group
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MML (Continued)
MML is built chiefly upon the SMS system, but is also applicable to both the packet and circuit switch platform
Source: MOBIDY & Beyond WAP Group
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MML (Continued)
Source: MOBIDY, J-Phone, & Beyond WAP Group
MML’s Advantage over WAP
A. Support of HTML 4.0: guarantees HTML convergence later on.
B. Subset Concept: Allows device differentiation while maintaining same language support
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WAP 2.0
•WAP envisions the convergence of WAP and XHTML.
•XHTML is the next generation HTML that seeks to separate content from transmission.
Source: Phone.com, Lehman Brothers, & Beyond WAP group
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Agenda
• Introduction
• Application Layer
• Transport Layer– WAP Transport Layer
– Alternative Transport Protocols
– ESRO, VMTP, and MNCP
– TCP
– Suggestion on Transport Layer
• Conclusion
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WAP Transport Layer
• WDP is replaced by UDP when the underlying network bearer is IP.
• WTP is built on top of a datagram service.
• WTP is transactional based.
• WTP has no congestion control.
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Alternative Transport Protocols
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ESRO, VMTP, and MNCP
• Both ESRO and VMTP are transaction-based protocol built for RPC.
• WDP used ESRO and T/TCP as its design model.
• MNCP is another proxy service similar to WAP.
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TCP
• TCP has too much overhead for wireless links.
• TCP assumes all packet loss is due to congestion.
• TCP does not provide layer to layer communication.
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Suggestion on Transport Layer
• Use TCP for streaming applications and keep WTP for transactional applications.
• Improve TCP overhead by using Delayed Dupack and SACK.
• Implement layer-to-layer communication in TCP as an option.
• Adjust TCP window size to fit high latency, high bandwidth wireless links.
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Conclusion
• Application Layer– WAP, iMode, & MML will coexist– WAP will dominate within the next few years
due to its multi-bearer support– iMode will dominate afterwards with its
unmatchable function supports
• Transport Layer– Transport Layer converges to TCP.