Beyond Open Access: leveraging technology in publishing · Beyond Open Access: leveraging...
Transcript of Beyond Open Access: leveraging technology in publishing · Beyond Open Access: leveraging...
Beyond Open Access: leveraging technology in publishing
December 2016
Mirjam Curno, PhDEditorial Director
@Frontiersinwww.frontiersin.org
Founded in 2007 by EPFL neuroscientists Henry Markram & Kamila Markram
ALPSP Gold Award for Innovation in Publishing 2014
1MArticle downloads
per month
430Academicdisciplines
54Open access
journals
54KArticles
published
123KAuthors
Frontiers in numbers
Our journals
#1 in Quality
Frontiers journals are the most cited OA journals in 9 categoriesPsychology, Plant Sciences, Immunology, Neurosciences, Physiology, Neurology, Anatomy, Behavioral Sciences, Geriatrics
The data is based on the 2015 Journal Citation Reports (Thomson Reuters, 2016). See Blog: Frontiers tops open-access journal ranking in several JCR categorieshttps://blog.frontiersin.org/2015/09/11/frontiers-leads-in-size-and-quality-in-gold-open-access-comparison/
#1 in Volume
Frontiers journals are the largest OA journals in 7 categoriesPsychology, Plant Science, Immunology, Microbiology, Neuroscience, Behavioral Sciences, Geriatrics
The data is based on the 2015 Journal Citation Reports (Thomson Reuters, 2016). See Blog: Frontiers tops open-access journal ranking in several JCR categorieshttps://blog.frontiersin.org/2015/09/11/frontiers-leads-in-size-and-quality-in-gold-open-access-comparison/
Frontiers journals (in red) are the top cited journals in the world 2015 Journal Citation Reports (Thomson Reuters, 2016)
Leading Open Access Journal Publishers share of 2015 open access revenue, estimated at $216.8 Million. Open Access Journal Publishing 2016-2020, Simba Information.
Frontiers is the 6th largest Open Access publisher (2015)
Changing traditions -Debunking myths
Cross-listingResearch Topics
Review Forum3 months to publication
Impact MetricsRaise Impact > Loop
TieringYoung Minds
Frees $8-10B Free research & innovation
Flaw #1Paywalls
Flaw #2Rejection cascades
Flaw #3Isolated disciplines
Flaw #5Distorted public view of science
Flaw #4Subjective
evaluation of science
Cross-listingResearch Topics
Review Forum3 months to publication
Impact MetricsRaise Impact > Loop
TieringYoung Minds
Frees $8-10B Free research & innovation
Flaw #1Paywalls
Flaw #2Rejection cascades
Flaw #3Isolated disciplines
Flaw #5Distorted public view of science
Flaw #4Subjective
evaluation of science
Why Open Access?
Gravity
Isaac Newton, 1664
Electricity
Michael Faraday, 1821
Steam-Powered Railway
1825
Telegraph
Samuel Morse, 1844
Evolution
Charles Darwin, 1859
Microbe-biology &
prevention of infection
Louis Pasteur, 1860’s
Periodic Table
Dimitry Mendeleev,
1869
Telephone
Alexander Graham Bell,
1876
Gutenberg Press
Johannes Gutenberg,
1440
Copernicum System
Nicholas Copernicus,
1543
Lightbulb
Thomas Edison, 1879
Flight
Wright Brothers, 1903
Theory of Relativity
Albert Einstein, 1905
Radioactivity
Marie Curie, 1911
Hermetically-sealed
refrigerator
General Electric, 1917
Quantum Theory
Niels Bohr, 1922
The Big Bang Theory
Georges Lemaître, 1927
Penicillin
Alexander Fleming,
1928
X-Rays
Wilhelm Roentgen, 1895
Radio
Gugliemo Marconi, 1895
DNA
James Watson, Francis
Crick &Rosalind
Franklin, 1953
CERN
European Organization
for Nuclear Research
Geneva, 1954 > Today
First solar cell
Daryl Chapin, Calvin
Fuller, and Gerald
Pearson, 1954
Apollo 11
Neil Armstrong and
Buzz Aldrin, 1969
Neurorobotics
1970’s
Cellular Phone
1973
First personal computer
MITS Altair 8800, 1975
Nanotechnology
Graphene/Carbon
nanotubes
1980’s
Television
Philo Farnsworth, 1927
Information theory
Claude E Shannon,
1948
World Wide Web
Timothy Berners-Lee,
1989
Human Genome Project
1990
Toyota Prius
1997
3D Printing Organs
1999
Solar impulse
André Borschberg.
2009
Mars Curiosity
Philo Farnsworth,
2011/2012
Human Brain Project
EPFL, 2013
AbioCor
AbioMed,2013
Stem Cell Research
1980’s
Solar power
Solar One, 1981
Research & technology drive modern civilization
4th Industrial Revolution: Biology merges with TechnologyEverything is connected2010
Scientific Revolution1500
Real GDP per capita world-wide (PPP adjusted), since 1000 – Max RoserData Source, Angus Maddision
$ 19 TrillionInternet of things by 2020
1st & 2nd Industrial Revolutions: Steam & Electricity1820
3rd Industrial Revolution: Digital1940
Research & innovation drive economic growth
World GDP per capita
Research & Innovation
Governments & Industry
Growth $$$
Funding $$$
Publishers
Publishers interests are not aligned
with neither governments &
industry nor scientists
70-80%of research papers are still behind expensive subscription paywalls
Frontiers articles received 210 Million views and downloads
Everyone wants access
http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2016/04/whos-downloading-pirated-papers-everyone
Source all articles: Scopus, 2014-2020: estimate based on 5% compound growth rateSource Open Access articles, Lacso and Bjork (2011): 2014-2020: estimate based on 20% compound growth rate
2000: 1.03 M
2014: 2 M (US$ 15B)
2021: 2.8 M
0.3 M
0.6 M(US$ 300M)
2.1 M
1 M
1.4 M
0.7 M
0
500,000
1,000,000
1,500,000
2,000,000
2,500,000
3,000,000
2000200120022003200420052006200720082009201020112012201320142015201620172018201920202021
# re
sear
ch a
rtic
les
Subscription articles
Open access articles
18-20% growth
Total research articles
4-5% growth
Open Access will overtake subscription publishing by 2018-2020
Open Access mandates
http://roarmap.eprints.org/
All publicly funded scientific papers published in Europe are to be made free to access by 2020.
“Life-changing” reform ordered by EU Minsters and Carlos Moedas, European Commissioner for Research, Science and InnovationMay 27th, 2017
https://www.theguardian.com/science/2016/may/28/eu-ministers-2020-target-free-access-scientific-papers?CMP=twt_a-science_b-gdnscience
Subscription publishing Open access publishing
14B USD subscription revenue
for approx. 2M articles
7’000 USD/subscription article
4B USD open-access revenue
for the same 2M articles in OA model
2’000 USD/Open Access article
* Data from The STM Report (The STM Report: An overview of scientific and scholarly journal publishing, 2015) and SIMBA Report (Global Social Science and Humanities Publishing 2013 – 2014, 2013); **Data calculated from APC range assuming the same number of articles published in 2014
A transition to open access will:1. Save universities $10 Billion per year2. Accelerate global research and innovation3. Unlock unlimited potential for data mining and innovation4. Stimulate growth and jobs
Transition from subscription to Open Access can free up funds for research
20072003
2006
2007
2008
2013 2009
2012NPG, BMC, Copernicus, Wiley Blackwell, SageOpen
2016
2008
2010
2012
2015
Peer-review
new models, impact-neutral mandate, publish what is
scientifically correct
Publishing platforms
Service oriented, scalable, adaptable with customer
feedback, efficient
Impact metrics
At the article-level, objective
Author discoverability
& reputation
Make authors & editor profiles to raise impact for them and readership for their articles
Open Access drives innovation
Cross-listingResearch Topics
Review Forum3 months to publication
Impact MetricsRaise Impact > Loop
TieringYoung Minds
Frees $8-10B Free research & innovation
Flaw #1Paywalls
Flaw #2Rejection cascades
Flaw #3Isolated disciplines
Flaw #5Distorted public view of science
Flaw #4Subjective
evaluation of science
Traditional Journal: Nature
100Karticle submissions
per year
97%of these articles are rejected
because they are not sufficiently „revolutionary“
Traditional Journal: Nature
2 millionpublished articles in 2014
1 millionof these articles were rejected
at least 1x by a journal prior to their publication
6 monthstime it takes to go
through 1 rejection cycle
100 million hourswasted by researchers on rewriting their articles for
another journal
$ 10 Billionwasted
Selecting for impact does not guarantee quality
Sample: 570 journals represented, Where rejection rates are publicly stated
Analysis1. There is no significant
correlation between rejection rates and Impact factors (IF)
2. The lowest IF seems to be obtained in journals that reject 60-70% of articles
3. The few journals that do achieve IF factors (top right) with very high rejection rates (>95%) may achieve this by selecting authors rather than papers and publishing within the main stream where most of the citations are generated.
12,000published
• Authors, reviewers and handling Associate Editor interact directly with each other in the online review forum.
• Names of editors and reviewers published on final version of paper.
Collaborative Peer Review
Cross-listingResearch Topics
Review Forum3 months to publication
Impact MetricsRaise Impact > Loop
TieringYoung Minds
Frees $8-10B Free research & innovation
Flaw #1Paywalls
Flaw #2Rejection cascades
Flaw #3Isolated disciplines
Flaw #5Distorted public view of science
Flaw #4Subjective
evaluation of science
7,389published
12,000published
Journals
Fields
7,389published
Journals
Fields
Specialties
7,389published
Journals
Fields
Cross-listedSpecialties
Article collections across disciplines
Cross-listingResearch Topics
Review Forum3 months to publication
Impact MetricsRaise Impact > Loop
TieringYoung Minds
Frees $8-10B Free research & innovation
Flaw #1Paywalls
Flaw #2Rejection cascades
Flaw #3Isolated disciplines
Flaw #5Distorted public view of science
Flaw #4Subjective
evaluation of science
Innovative Impact Metrics
Cross-listingResearch Topics
Review Forum3 months to publication
Impact MetricsRaise Impact > Loop
TieringYoung Minds
Frees $8-10B Free research & innovation
Flaw #1Paywalls
Flaw #2Rejection cascades
Flaw #3Isolated disciplines
Flaw #5Distorted public view of science
Flaw #4Subjective
evaluation of science
Empower communities:
take responsibility for publishing, peer-review and evaluation
Everybody should
understand
cutting-edge research
Everybody should have
easy access
to research knowledge
Empower communities:
take responsibility for publishing, peer-review and evaluation
Everybody should
understand
cutting-edge research
Jennifer DoudnaEmmanuelle Charpentier
The people behind the work
Popularizing content
Science for kids reviewed by kids
Our Mission Our Network of Excellence
Validated articles on current research
Our mission is to team with kids to bring science to the
world
Facing today’s challenges –how to achieve quality at scale
0
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7,000,000
8,000,000
9,000,000
2014: 7M
0
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1,000,000
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2,000,000
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3,000,000
2021: 2.8M
2014: 2M
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2014: 7 Exabytes
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3,000,000
3,500,000
2014: $1.9 trillion
2021: $3 trillionResearchers
Research ArticlesResearch Data
R&D Budget
Scientific output is growing exponentially
2021: 9M
2021: 50 Exabytes
Allow more airplanes in
the same airspace while
reducing risks and delays.
> Quality can’t be compromised
Inspiration: Air Traffic
Air Traffic - Solution
• Decisions are made by people, supported by IT systems
• Quality is ensured by standards, procedures and transparency
• Delays and risks are reduced by standards, assistance
and prediction
How?
Visibility Control Standards Assistance Prediction
Foundation Scale
Digital Editorial Office
Artificial Intelligence
vector space model semantic vectors semantic topics
concepts social graph impact vector
keywords
citation graph
AuthorsEditorsReviewers
Extract
Consolidate by
Research Topic
Journal Organisation
Use for
…
Paper
Editor &Reviewer
Suggestion
Reading ListPublicationSuggestion ?
Journal Advisor
Text & Data Mine with artificial Intelligence trained models & machine learning algorithms
Papers
…
Editorial board – international and top institutions
Transparency of who is involved
Accountability of those involved
Quality checks
“Science is all about knowing more…
If you know more, you have more solutions, more possibilities.”
“The more people who have access to reliable knowledge… and can access it easily the more quickly we can understand how to do
business… the business of living on earth to a sustainable path.”
“Quick advancements in research and in knowledge this is the only way we can overcome all our problems we have because time is a very
important factor.”
https://www.ft.com/content/3be49734-29cb-11e6-83e4-abc22d5d108c
http://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/trump-and-the-truth-climate-change-denial
Thank you
Frontiers has competitive Article Processing Charges