Beverage Analysis

Quality control for drinks and liquid food

Beverage analysis

Metrohm ...

02

is the global market leader in titration

offers a complete portfolio for NIR analysis, in addition to all of the methods of ion analysis titration, voltammetry, and ion chromatography

is a Swiss company and manufactures exclusively in Switzerland

grants a 3-year instrument warranty and a 10-year warranty on chemical suppressors for ion chromatography

supports you with unparalleled application expertise

offers you more than 1400 applications free of charge

supports you with dependable on-site service worldwide

is not listed on the stock exchange, but is owned by a foundation

takes a sustainable approach to corporate management, putting the interests of customers and employees ahead of maximizing profit

Metrohm customized analysis for the beverage industry

03The law sets high standardsThe beverage industry is subject to particularly strict

regulations regarding the quality and safety of its prod-

ucts. There is a good reason why: if contaminated food

reaches the retail market, the consequences can be

disastrous and not only for the consumers.

Regulatory compliance

In order to guarantee the strict quality and safety stan-

dards of the beverage industry, reliable instruments and

methods are needed in the laboratory. These instruments

and methods must also meet high standards: regulatory

compliance is the catchword.

You can count on our support

As a leading manufacturer of instruments for chemical

analysis, we are well aware of the challenges you face.

That is why Metrohm offers you not only the most

advanced equipment, but also complete solutions for

specific tasks. Your partners at Metrohm are experienced

specialists who develop customized applications for you

and support you with expert service in every aspect of

regulatory compliance.

On the following pages, discover the solutions Metrohm

offers the beverage industry in general and you in par-

ticular to ensure the quality and safety of your products.

Metrohm instruments comply with numerous official

directives, including the FDA regulation Title 21 CFR,

Part 11.

Selected methods of beverage analysis

04 The following overview is arranged by beverage category: nonalcoholic beverages, alcoholic beverages, and liquid

food. It contains a selection of the parameters that

require quality control monitoring. References to relevant

standards are also provided, as are page numbers that

refer to the specific application. Metrohm also offers suit-

able analytic methods for evaluating cleaning and disin-

fection steps in beverage manufacturing plants and

quality control for coatings in beverage packaging.

Nonalcoholic beverages

Parameters Standard Method Page*


General

pH value pH value measurement 68

Titratable acidity AOAC 950.15 Titration 9, 3233

Sugar concentration in Bx ISO 15212-1 Density measurement with oscillating U-tube3233

Carbon dioxide content Pressure and temperature measurement

Total hardness Process analysis, colorimetry or titration 35

Chloride Titration 9

Total phosphorous Titration

Anions and cations Ion chromatography 20

Carbohydrates, sugar alcohols Ion chromatography 23

(Organic) acids Ion chromatography 24

Zn, Cd, Pb, Cu, Ni, Co, Cr, Fe Voltammetry 27

(Drinking) water

pH valueISO 10523ASTM D 1293EPA 150.1

pH value measurement

Total hardness EPA 130.2 Titration 9

Total hardness Process analysis, colorimetry, or titration 35

Alkalinity ISO 9963 Titration

Permanganate index DIN EN ISO 8467 Titration 9

Sulfate (Thermometric) titration 15

AnionsDIN EN ISO 10304-1ASTM D 4327EPA 300.1, Part A

Ion chromatography

21Oxyhalides: bromate, chlorite, chlorate

ISO 11206DIN EN ISO 10304-4ASTM D 6581EPA 300.1, Part B

Ion chromatography

CationsISO 14911ASTM D 6919

Ion chromatography

Phenols Ion chromatography

CNSample preparation acc. to DIN 38405-13

Voltammetry

U(VI) DIN 38406-17 Voltammetry27

Zn, Cd, Pb, Cu, Tl, Ni, Co DIN 38406-16 Voltammetry

Mn, Al Process analysis, colorimetry 35

Soft drinks

Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) Titration 9

Caffeine Ion chromatography

Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) Voltammetry 27

Fruit and vegetable

juices

Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) AOAC 967.21 Titration

9Titratable acidity Titration

Formol number Titration

Ash alkalinity Titration

Potassium Titration


Phenylalanine, aspartame, caffeine Ion chromatography

Glucuronlactone Ion chromatography

Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) Voltammetry 27

Fumaric acid AOAC 968.16 Voltammetry

Saccharin SLB 41-2.5 Voltammetry

Pb AOAC 979.17 Voltammetry 27

Infusion beverages

(Coffee, tea, cocoa, etc.)

pH value of cocoa products AOAC 970.21 pH value measurement

Titratable acidity of roasted coffee AOAC 920.92 Titration 9

Kjeldahl nitrogen Titration via Kjeldahl distillation

Water content in cocoa products AOAC 977.10 Karl Fischer titration1617Water content in instant coffee ISO 20938 Karl Fischer titration

Water content in roasted coffee ISO 11817 Karl Fischer titrationFree and total carbohydrate content in instant coffee

ISO 11292 Ion chromatography 23

Direct reducing sugars Ion chromatography 23Caffeine Ion chromatography

05

*Areas that contain no page reference stand for Metrohm applications that are not described in this brochure. For more information, please contact your local Metrohm representative.

Alcoholic beverages

Liquid food

Monitoring of cleaning and disinfection processes in beverage manufacturing plants and quality con-

trols of coatings in beverage packaging


Alcoholic drinks

General

Titratable acidity AOAC 940.15 Titration 9, 3233

Sugar concentration in Brix ISO 15212-1 Density measurement via oscillating U-tube3233

Carbon dioxide content Pressure and temperature measurement

Chloride Titration 9

Sulfate Titration

Anions and cations Ion chromatography 20, 24


Beer

pH value AOAC 945.10 pH value measurement 7

Alpha acids in hops EBC 7.4 Titration 1213Alkalinity of brewing water Process analysis, titration 35

Wine

pH value AOAC 960.19 pH value measurement 7

Sulfurous acid AOAC 940.20 Titration 9

Carbon dioxide content AOAC 988.07 Titration

Titratable acidityAOAC 962.12AOAC 950.07

Titration

Ash alkalinity Titration

Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) Titration

(Organic) acids Ion chromatography24

Biogenic amines Ion chromatography


Distilled spiritsTitratable acidity in distilled alcoholic beverages

AOAC 945.08 Titration 9


Liquid food

General

pH value pH value measurement 67

Iodine and peroxide value Titration9

Titratable acidity Titration

Anions and cations Ion chromatography 22




Milk, dairy, and yogurt

drinks

Chloride in dairy products Titration 9

Sodium in dairy products Thermometric titration 15

Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) Titration

Calcium Titration9

Kjeldahl nitrogen Titration via Kjeldahl distillation

Choline Ion chromatography

Melamine Ion chromatography 22

Lactose in lactose-free products Ion chromatography


PbAOAC 974.13AOAC 979.17

Voltammetry 27

Parameters Standard Method Page

Cleaning progresspH value and conductivity pH value and conductivity measurement 67

Peracetic acid in filling systems Process analysis, colorimetry 35Beverage packaging Coating quality Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy 28

06

pH measurement

The pH value is an important parameter for the quality

control of beverages. It has a significant effect on the

digestibility, flavor, and stability of the beverage. The pH

value controls enzyme activity during alcoholic fermenta-

tion, which is why it must be checked regularly.

The requirements of the pH electrode used to perform

measurements are as diverse as the range of beverages

to be analyzed. The selection of a diaphragm suitable for

the beverage sample is particularly important, since

otherwise the sample can quickly block the electrolyte

bridge, leading to inaccurate results.

The following table lists examples of the Metrohm

electrodes suitable for pH determination in various bever-

ages.

Sample Electrode

(Order number)

Properties

Drinking waterAquatrode Plus

(6.0257.600)

Precise results and very rapid response times even in ion-deficient,

poorly buffered solutions

Fixed ground-joint diaphragm, insensitive to contamination

Maintenance-free reference electrolyte, variable bridge electrolyte

for special applications

Optimized length for sample changer applications

Beverages in gener-

al, e.g., wine and

spirits, fruit and

vegetable juices

Unitrode

(6.0258.600)

Universal use

Rapid response to temperature changes

Fixed ground-joint diaphragm, insensitive to contamination

Beverages contain-

ing protein, e.g.,

milk

Porotrode

(6.0235.200)

Especially for highly contaminated, protein-containing, or viscous

samples

Low maintenance capillary diaphragm

pH determination in alcoholic beverages

The pH value is of great importance in biological systems.

It influences microorganism growth, color/hue, flavor,

redox potential, the ratio of free to bound SO2, the for-

mation or prevention of iron phosphate turbidity, etc.

There is no direct correlation between pH value and

titratable acidity; there is however an empirical relation-

ship between the pH value and the ratio of potassium

hydrogen tartrate to tartaric acid.

For wine, beer, and spirits, it is advisable to use a

Unitrode as a universal pH electrode. The Unitrode has a

fixed ground-joint diaphragm which protects against

contamination.

Selected examples

pH value in beer AOAC 945.10

pH value in wine AOAC 960.19

pH value in beverages with the 826 pH mobile

Easy operation, thanks to a clearly structured

multiline display

Automatic buffer recognition

Wide range of accessories from a single source

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Buffer sachetspH 4, 7, and 9 buffer solutions in sachets ensure precise calibration of the pH electrode.

826 pH mobile: a portable pH meter

08

Robust, dependable, and easy to use:

Metrohm pH meters

pH value determination with the 826 pH mobile

and 827 pH lab meters

Whether for routine pH value measurements in the labo-

ratory or for use in the field, you will never have to go

without GLP: 3-point calibration, automatic buffer recog-

nition, temperature compensation, sample identification,

GLP-compliant printout, and a large data memory.

780 pH Meter and 781 pH/Ion Meter

When you need absolute precision, reach for the 780 pH

Meter: 9-point calibration, stirrer control, electrode test

for pH glass electrodes, method memory, and RS 232

interface.

Besides measuring pH, the 781 pH/Ion Meter can also

determine the concentration of individual ions (e.g., Cl,

F, NH4+) by either direct measurement or fully automatic

standard addition.

08

Robust, reliable, and easy to use: Metrohm pH meters

09

Titration

Electrodes for titration

The right electrode for every application

Choosing the right electrode is crucial for successful titra-

tion. For combined electrodes, the correct diaphragm

must be chosen to avoid blockage. The response behav-

ior of the electrode is also of critical importance, in par-

ticular if the titration is to be carried out to a defined

Benefit from our application experience

We offer you a comprehensive selection of potentiomet-

ric applications for the beverage industry, many of which

are based on the following publications:

German standard methods for the examination of

water, waste water and sludge

Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of

Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC, U.S.A.)

Schweizerisches Lebensmittelbuch (SLMB; Swiss

Manual on Food Safety)

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

An overview of selected applications

Sulfurous acid in wine AOAC 940.20

Titratable acidity in distilled spirits AOAC 945.08

Total hardness of drinking water EPA 130.2

Titratable acidity in nonalcoholic

beverages

AOAC 950.15

Titratable acidity of roasted coffee AOAC 920.92

Oxalic acid in fruit and canned fruit AOAC 974.24

Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) in juices AOAC 967.21

Field of application Metrohm electrode

General Ecotrode Plus 6.0262.100

Titratable acidity of alcoholic beverages Unitrode 6.0258.600

Carbonate hardness, acid capacity of water, p and m values Aquatrode Plus 6.0257.600

Determination of Ca2+, Mg2+ (complexometric) Ca2+ ISE 6.0510.100

Permanganate index Pt Titrode 6.0431.100

Titratable acidity in dairy products Porotrode 6.0235.200

Calcium content in dairy products Cu2+ ISE 6.0502.140

Kjeldahl nitrogen in milk Ecotrode Gel 6.0221.100

Vitamin C in fruit juice Double Pt-sheet electrode 6.0309.100

Formol number Unitrode 6.0259.100

Iodine and peroxide values Pt Titrode 6.0431.100

General chloride, table salt content in beverages Ag Titrode 6.0430.100

endpoint. If the electrode reacts too slowly, the solution

will be over-titrated and incorrect results are obtained.

The following table lists Metrohm electrodes suitable for

various applications.

Additional examples and practical tips on using Metrohm

electrodes are provided in the leaflets "Electrodes for

Titration" and "Electrodes for pH Measurement". These can

be downloaded free of charge at www.metrohm.com.

Example: sulfite stabilization

Sulfites have antimicrobial and antioxidant properties

and they extend the shelf life of wine, but some consum-

ers have adverse reactions to them. Increasingly, modern

wine-making technologies are making it possible to

create sulfite-free wines (less than 10 mg/l of sulfite).

It is impossible to make high-quality sweet wines that are

sulfur-free because the high sugar content provides an

ideal breeding ground for a broad range of microorgan-

isms. Limit values for residual SO2 content vary by region

and wine.

Titration with Metrohm: solutions for every bud-

get and requirement

With the Food Titrino plus, the Food Ti-Touch, and the

Food Titrando, Metrohm offers you three complete titra-

tion packages. No matter which package you choose,

ease of use and reliability is guaranteed:

Intelligent exchange or dosing units ensure the use of

the correct titration solution and also enable its moni-

toring.

All important titration parameters are stored with the

methods, enabling any user to obtain reliable results

quickly.

GLP-compliant data output, either in printed or digital

form.

814 USB Sample Processor

Depending on the application, different sample racks can

be used on the 814 USB Sample Processor, i.e., 22 vessels

120 mL.

Measurement of the prescribed beverage volume is also

fully automated, as is the option enabling complete

decarbonization of wine samples.

Automation improves reproducibility of results and saves

time. The cost of automation amortizes quickly. Control

of the system and all data handling is managed by the

tiamoTM software.

tiamoTM is the leading control and database software for

titrators and dosing devices, as well as total laboratory

automation, to include client/server systems, which is

why the name tiamoTM stands for titration and more

tiamoTM can do more than just titration, and it does it

in numerous languages.

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Food Ti-Touch the economically priced titrator for routine analysis in the food laboratory. This all-inclusive package also includes a USB stick with 100 stored methods for the most im-portant applications in food analysis.

Titrators and sample processors for beverage analysis

11

862 Food Beverage Compact Titrosampler the compact au-tomatic titration station for medium sample throughput. The titrosampler excels in minimal space requirements; titrator and sample changer are combined in a single instrument.

Food Titrando the high-end titrator for the most sophisticated requirements. Complete traceability of measuring results, central data management through client/server option, method tem-plates, frequently used methods started at the press of a button, individual method development, possibility of complete automa-tion, and much more.

815 Robotic USB Sample Processor the automated system for wine analysis. Up to 100 samples can be placed on the sample rack and titrated directly, depending on the application. Option-ally, the system can automatically measure the sample into an external titration vessel or perform decarbonization. The high degree of automation ensures that every sample is titrated under identical conditions, thus guaranteeing traceable and reproduc-ible results.

Alpha acids in hops according to EBC 7.4

Hops play an important role in the brewing process, as

they have a critical effect on the flavor, bitterness and shelf life of beer. The alpha acids contained in hops are

crucial for the bitterness of the beer. Bitterness is ex-

pressed in IBU (International Bittering Units), for which

one IBU corresponds to 1 milligram of dissolved alpha

acids. In order to achieve the required bitterness at the

end of the brewing process, the quantity of hops added

must be dosed precisely. Depending on the type of beer,

different varieties of hops are used, each with a different

alpha acids content. According to the European Brewery

Convention (EBC 7.4), the content of alpha acids is de-

termined by conductometric titration with lead acetate

solution. This method can be used for all hop products,

e.g., hop umbels, pellets, or extracts.

12

and the subsequent titration are performed automatically

at the push of a button. At the end of the determination,

the result can be calculated in whatever format is required,

and a freely configurable report can either be saved as a PDF file or printed out directly. All of the determination data are stored in the tiamoTM database.

13

Easy, quick, and cost-effective

With the 856 Conductivity Module and tiamoTM titration

software, Metrohm offers an easy, quick, and cost-effec-

tive system for determining alpha acids in hops in accor-

dance with EBC 7.4. The hop products are first extracted with toluene. The user simply places an aliquot of the

toluene in the titration vessel; the addition of methanol

Typical titration curve for alpha acids in hop products

14

Thermometric titration makes titration complete

Thermometric titration the principle

Every chemical reaction is associated with a change in

reaction enthalpy. This results in either an increase (exo-

thermic reaction) or a decrease (endothermic reaction) of

the sample solution temperature.

The continuous addition of the titrant changes the tem-

perature in the sample solution until the analyte is quan-

titatively converted. This is the endpoint of the titration,

identifiable by a break in the titration curve.

Thermometric titration is a determination method suit-

able for a broad range of applications. It substitutes

potentiometric titration, particularly when potentiomet-

ric sensors are not suitable for the application at hand.

The only prerequisite for thermometric titration is an

adequately large temperature change in the sample solu-

tion.

The advantages of thermometric titration are ease of

handling, control via the tiamoTM software, and excep-

tionally short analysis times. Especially in the latter case,

automation is particularly advantageous, as it saves a

great deal of time. The sensor requires no calibration or

maintenance and is ideally suited to aggressive sample

matrices.

Compact dimensions: 859 Titrotherm (center) with the 801 Stirrer

Thermoprobe: a single sensor for a wide range of thermometric titrations

Temperature curve of an exothermic titration

15

Selected examples

Sulfate in drinking water

Sulfate is precipitated in an acidic solution through the

addition of a barium chromate solution. Excess barium

chromate is also precipitated through the additional dos-

ing of ammonia. The remaining, soluble chromate frac-

tion corresponds to the quantity of sulfate and can be

determined by titration using thermometric endpoint

detection with an iron(II) solution.

Sodium in dairy products

The sodium content of beverages is usually determined

indirectly through a precipitation reaction with silver

nitrate. The assumption behind this approach is that the

chloride ions are present in a molar ratio of 1:1 with the

sodium ions. However, this is not true if other chemical

substances such as sodium benzoate, monosodium glu-

tamate, or salts such as potassium chloride are present in

the matrix, as is often the case in beverages containing

sodium.

Established methods for the direct determination of

sodium such as AAS or ICP/MS have the disadvantage of

requiring instruments that are very expensive.

Thermometric titration is a cost-effective and easy alter-

native. In this method, proteins in the milk sample are

first precipitated with trichloroacetic acid and then sepa-

rated through filtration or centrifugation. An aliquot is

titrated in the presence of NH4F at a pH value of 3 with

an aluminum nitrate solution with an excess of potassi-

um ions. The exothermic reaction produces insoluble

NaK2AlF6 .Thermometric determination of sulfate content in a drinking wa-ter sample. The titration software determines the endpoint with the help of a second derivative (red) of the titration curve (blue).

The water content in beverages, as well as in solid forms

of cocoa and coffee, has a significant influence on qual-

ity and shelf life. The water content can be determined

conveniently via Karl Fischer titration.

Straightforward sample preparation for solids

For solids, such as cocoa and whole-bean or powdered

coffee, a high-frequency homogenizer is recommended.

Homogenizing releases the water and at the same time,

stirs the sample. Because sample preparation takes place

directly in the titration vessel, no additional water is

absorbed and the water content determined is not

biased.

In most solid samples, water is not distributed homoge-

neously throughout the material. The sample to be mea-

sured must be taken so that it statistically represents the

average. To this end, a larger amount of sample (if neces-

sary) is pulverized and homogenized and the water con-

tent determined in an aliquot.

Water determination according to Karl Fischer

16 Volumetric or coulometric?The water content of beverages varies between 40 and

98%. Because of these high water contents, weighing

out the sample directly into the titration vessel is not use-

ful, because the weighing error for small samples is too

great. Such samples are prediluted with methanol and

measured by volumetric Karl Fischer titration.

Very few side reactions in beverages

In beverages, very few chemical side reactions that

release water or react with iodine are expected.

Substances such as aldehydes and mercaptans are pres-

ent only in small amounts, if at all; their amounts can be

disregarded in view of the generally high water content.

901 Titrando with 900 Touch Control and Polytron PT 1300 D: samples are pulver-ized directly in the titration cell. This prevents the absorption of additional moisture during sample preparation, thus assuring accurate results.

17

Examples

The following overview contains various sample matrices

from the beverage industry with water contents that can

be determined by Karl Fischer titration. Detailed informa-

tion and titration regulations can be found in the free

Metrohm monograph "Water Determination by Karl

Fischer Titration".

Sample matrix Samples Type of titration

Nonalcoholic beverages Fruit juice, vegetable juice, syrup, sodas Volumetric

Dairy products Milk Volumetric

Raw materials for juice and juice

drink productionVarious fruit and vegetables Volumetric

Luxury foods (alcohol, coffee, tea,

cocoa)

Cognac, gin, spirits, liqueur, whiskey, wine, cocoa

beans, cocoa powder (AOAC 977.10), instant coffee

(ISO 20938), roasted coffee, raw coffee (ISO 11817),

cappuccino powder

Volumetric

Raw materials for beer production Barley, hops Volumetric

18

Laboratory automation

Fully automated titration of an homogenized sample: The 815 Robotic Titration Soliprep performs sample preparation and titration in a single procedure without the need for filling out multiple copies of sample tables or shifting beakers around. This prevents mix-ups and shortens the standing times prior to the analysis.

The complete range of automatic sample prepa-

ration from a single supplier

Normally, accurate pipetting and dilution of the sample is

sufficient for determining pH value, titratable acidity, or

chloride content in beverages and liquid foods. Metrohm

offers you a wide range of products for the fully auto-

mated, precise, and time-saving preparation of liquid

samples.

Automation time savings and greater accuracy

In beverage analysis, it is primarily chromatographic

methods, such as IC, HPLC, and GC that are employed in

addition to direct titration. These measuring techniques

require that the sample be available as a filtered liquid

before it can be injected into the column. When carried

out manually, as is often the case, sample preparation

steps such as

decarbonization of carbonated beverages

pulverization and/or homogenization

filtration

pipetting and/or dilution

are tedious and time-consuming. Furthermore, manual

sample preparation involves the risk of inaccurate results.

Specifically, it is scarcely possible to ensure reproducible

sample preparation quality when a large number of

samples is involved and several different people are pro-

cessing the samples.

The 815 Robotic Filtration Soliprep

19

Fully automated filtration: The 815 Robotic Filtration Soliprep filters away remaining solid matter from the homogenized sam-ple. What remains is a clear filtrate that can be either directly injected into an analytical instrument or further diluted.

Robotic Soliprep automatic sample preparation

tailored to your needs

With the instruments of the Robotic-Soliprep family, neither

deviation in results nor time-consuming manual routines

are an issue any longer. The solid substance is simply

weighed out and placed in the sample rack everything

else is completely automated. Depending on the model

selected, different steps can be combined including the

direct connection to a chromatograph or the performance

of the titration in the homogenized sample.

Robotic

Titration

Soliprep

Robotic

Filtration

Soliprep

Robotic

Flexible

Soliprep

Robotic

Soliprep

for LC

Homogenization + + + +

Titration +

Filtration +

HPLC/GC

vial filling+

Connection to

an LC system+

Ion chromatography

20

Inline Ultrafiltration reliably removes unwanted particles from the sample solution and thus protects the separation column from contamination.

Ion chromatography (IC) is a standard method for beverage

analysis. Numerous main ingredients, components with

effects on taste and health and traces of contaminants can

be reliably and precisely determined with the help of IC.

Multicomponent determinations in a single

analysis

In addition to anions and cations, also carbohydrates,

organic acids, and polar substances can be quantified in a

variety of beverages. The advantage of ion chromatogra-

phy is that parallel determinations of chemically similar

substances can be carried out in a single analysis.

Furthermore, the concentration of the analytes can vary

from the ng/L up to the percentage range. Of course, all

Metrohm IC instruments and the MagIC Net chromatog-

raphy software are in compliance with FDA standards.

Save time and costs through automatic sample

preparation

As in titration, sample preparation has an important role

to play in ion chromatography. Unique inline methods

(some patented by Metrohm) permit the integration and

complete automation of sample preparation into the

analytical process. This increases security, reduces the

number of manually performed steps, improves repro-

ducibility, and guarantees the traceability of the entire

analysis (including sample preparation).

Metrohm Inline sample preparation methods for

beverage analysis

Inline Ultrafiltration

Inline Dialysis

Inline Dilution

Inline Extraction

Inline Matrix Elimination

Inline Preconcentration

Inline Degassing

Intelligent Partial Loop Injection

21Analysis of mineral watersThe anionic and cationic substances in table and mineral

waters are analyzed by IC. Numerous ISO, ASTM, and

EPA standards specify ion chromatography testing meth-

ods and binding limit values for ions hazardous to health

such as bromate. The German drinking water ordinance

originally stipulated a limit of 25 g/L for bromate, but

lowered it to 10 g/L in 2008. The limit for mineral water

is 3 g/L. The EU and the U.S. Environmental Protection

Agency (EPA) have set the same maximum bromate con-

centrations for their drinking water guidelines.

Other ions such as iodide influence flavor, which is why

their concentration in mineral water is monitored.

Analysis of a mineral water sample enriched with 0.5 g/L of bromate with post-column derivatization and UV/VIS detection; column: Metrosep A Supp 16 - 100/4.0; eluent: 100 mmol/L H2SO4, 19.3 mol/L ammonium heptamolybdate, 0.8 mL/min; column temperature: 45 C; post-column reagent: 0.27 mol/L KI, 0.2 mL/min, wavelength 352 nm; sample volume: 1 mL

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2B

rom

ate;

0.5

g

/L

7

1.4

Time [min]

Inte

nsi

ty [

mA

U]

940 Professional IC Vario with 944 Professional UV/VIS Detector Vario and 943 Professional Reactor Vario: the ideal system for your bromate analysis.

22

Analysis of dairy products

For dairy products be it baby food, yogurt, milk, or

lactose-free foods ion analysis is essential to quality

control. Inline Dialysis is the efficient sample preparation

technique for fully automated separation of protein-

containing matrices, thus replacing the time-intensive,

manual protein precipitation step with Carrez reagent.

Ion chromatography enables not only the determination

of anions (e.g., iodide, chloride, phosphate, sulfate,

nitrate, nitrite, thiocyanate, cyanurate, and perchlorate)

and cations (e.g., sodium, ammonium, potassium, calci-

um, magnesium, and melamine), but also that of carbo-

hydrates (e.g., galactose and lactose).

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

Chlo

rid

e; 9

.9 m

g/L

Pho

sphat

e; 1

7.4

mg

/L

Sulf

ate;

1.1

mg

/L

15

Co

nd

uct

ivit

y [

S/cm

]

Time [min]

22

0

Inline Dialysis the ideal inline sample preparation for the removal of proteins, oils, and particles before ion chromatographic analysis.

Anion analysis of an ultraheat-treated milk, IC with conductiv-ity detection; column: Metrosep A Supp 5 - 100/4.0; eluent: 3.2 mmol/L Na2CO3, 1.0 mmol/L NaHCO3, 0.7 mL/min; column temperature: 30 C; injection volume: 20 L

940 Professional IC Vario with 858 Professional Sample Processor for ion analysis with Inline Dialysis.

23Carbohydrate and sweetener analysisHow sweet is sweet? This is not an easy question to

answer for some beverages. To get the right answer, you

first have to know the carbohydrate composition. In

addition, the level of sugar alcohols and sweeteners,

such as steviol glycosides, has to be determined. The fol-

lowing table lists a wide array of components that can be

reliably analyzed in various beverage matrices using ion

chromatography and pulsed amperometric detection

(PAD). The table also shows the method of sample

preparation.

Matrix

Sam

ple

pre

par

atio

n

Pro

pyl

ene

gly

col

Ino

sito

l

Gly

cero

l

Xyl

ito

l

Sorb

ito

l

Man

nit

ol

Rib

ose

Xyl

ose

Ara

bin

ose

Man

no

se

Glu

cose

Fruc

tose

Gal

acto

se

Mal

tose

Lact

ose

Lact

ulo

se

Sucr

ose

Cel

lob

iose

Mal

totr

iose

Raffino

se

Mal

tote

trao

se

Mal

top

enta

ose

Mal

tohex

aose

Mal

tohep

tao

se

Stev

iol g

lyco

sid

e (s

tevi

a)

Cola D + + +

Diet cola D + + + +

Apple juice F, D + + + + +

Orange juice F, D + + + + +

Tomato juice F, D + +

Maple syrup D + + +

Corn syrup D + + +

Red beet extract D + + + + + + + + + +

Instant coffee E, F, D + + + + + + + +

Instant tea F, D + + + +

Beer U, D +

Beer wort F, D + + + + +

Vodka D + + +

Dairy beverages Dialysis + + + + + + + + + +

Polyols, sugar alcohols, monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, steviol glycosidesE: extraction, F: filtration, U: ultrasonic treatment, D: dilution

24 Acids and anions in wineAcids are a key component of wine. They preserve the

wine and lend it expression and character. Wines contain

a number of different types of acids. Tartaric, malic, and

lactic acids are particularly important, as is carbon dioxide

with champagne and sparkling wines. The method is also

suitable for analyzing many other beverages.

Biogenic amines in wine

In addition to the individual acids, ion chromatography

can determine the presence of biogenic amines pro-

duced during malolactic fermentation, such as histamine,

tyramine, putrescine, and phenylethylamine.

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

Chlo

rid

e

Succ

inat

e

Mal

ate

Sulf

ite

Tar

trat

e

Sulf

ate

19 20

18

Time [min]

Co

nd

uct

ivit

y [

S/cm

]

0

Free choice of eluents

For every application, there is an optimal eluent charac-

terized by an ideal composition, whether it be a certain

combination of dissolved salts or the addition of organic

solvents. Metrohm offers you a fully automated solution

for every chromatographic separation: the 941 Eluent

Production Module is a very flexible system component

that can be used with every inline eluent preparation

imaginable.

Analysis of ions and organic acids in wine; column: Metrosep A Supp 10 - 100/4.0; eluent: 5.0 mmol/L Na2CO3 and 5.0 mmol/L NaHCO3, 1.0 mL/min; sample volume: 20 L; Inline Dilution: 1:10

25

Analysis of a wine standard with Li+, Na+, NH4+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, putrescine, cadaverine and

histamine with the 940 Professional IC Vario; column: Metrosep C 1 - 125/4.6; eluent: 2.5 mmol/L HNO3 with 10% acetone; Inline Dilution 1:10; sample volume: 10 L

Analysis at its most effective

Flexibility enables a wide range of applications

Ion chromatography is practically predestined for bever-

age analysis. Anions, cations, organic acids, amines,

carbohydrates they can all be detected with a single

system. Manual operations can easily be integrated in

automated processes to save time and increase repro-

ducibility and accuracy.

MagIC Net

MagIC Net is a high-performance ion chromatography

software that ensures an efficient workflow.

Key advantages of MagIC Net

Easy and intuitive operation

Freely configurable user interface

High flexibility

Modern data management

Powerful report generator

Comprehensive monitoring and control functions

Complete traceability of all data

Client/server software

Meets all FDA and GLP requirements

Available in numerous languages

Save time with

Metrohm Inline Ultrafiltration

Metrohm Inline Dilution

Inline eluent preparation

Save money with

Low operating costs

10-year suppressor guarantee

3-year guarantee on all instruments

Guaranteed availability of replacement parts for

10 years after production discontinuation date of

the instrument

26 High detection sensitivity at low costVoltammetry is an electrochemical analytical method

that provides information on the type and amount of

substances contained in a dissolved sample on the basis

of a current-voltage curve. The importance of voltam-

metry lies in its high accuracy and sensitivity, the possibil-

ity of performing a speciation analysis, and its competi-

tive price.

Heavy metal ions present as contaminants in beverages

can be determined with high detection sensitivity through

the use of voltammetry. Because the organic beverage

matrix complexates the heavy metals to a certain extent,

Voltammetry

the samples must first be digested. Some organic sub-

stances in beverages, such as vitamin C, vitamins of the

B group, or quinine, can also be determined by voltam-

metry.

797 VA Computrace

The 797 VA Computrace is a modern, PC-controlled

voltammetric analysis system. The potentiostat/galvano-

stat built into the instrument guarantees highest preci-

sion with low noise. The PC software supplied controls

the determination and calculates and archives the results.

The 909 UV Digester: for rapid removal of interfering organic sample components via UV digestion

The 797 VA Computrace: for sensitive determination of trace metals and certain vitamins in beverages

27

Selected examples

Uranium in mineral water in accordance with

DIN 38406, Part 17

For the highly toxic and radioactive metal uranium, the

World Health Organization (WHO) recommends a limit

value in drinking water of 30 g/L for adults. Unlike the

complicated and very expensive spectroscopic analysis

procedures, the 797 VA Computrace can determine levels

of dissolved uranium simply and cost-effectively in the

ng/L range. The analytic procedure is described in

Application Note V-045, Uranium in drinking water.

Zinc, cadmium, lead, copper, thallium, nickel and

cobalt in water in accordance with DIN 38406,

Part 16

Drinking water has to be tested regularly to determine

levels of these metal ions. DIN 38406, Part 16 describes

the method for determining levels of these ions in differ-

ent types of water. Heavy metal determination in drink-

ing water is described in the following notes:

AN-V-086 Cadmium, lead, and copper in drinking water

AN-V-087 Nickel and cobalt in drinking water

AN-V-091 Iron in drinking water

Cadmium, lead, and copper in wine (also zinc,

nickel, cobalt, chrome, iron, etc.)

The analysis of heavy metals in wine provides information

on the type and concentration of contaminants. In view

of the significance of these elements, their exact deter-

mination with high-performance methods is essential.

Following a UV digestion in the 909 UV Digester, the 797

VA Computrace enables the determination of heavy met-

als in wine (Application Notes V-092 to V-094 and

V-201).

This method also yields outstanding results for other

beverage matrices.

Vitamin C in fruit, vegetables, and juices

Commercially available fruit and vegetable juices can

be directly and easily analyzed as sample liquids.

Fresh-squeezed fruit juices are also suitable (V-073), car-

bonated beverages should be degassed before analysis

(V-095).

Voltammetric determination of cadmium (concentration < detec-tion limit), lead (17.7 g/L) and copper (192.8 g/L) in red wine following UV digestion

Voltammetric determination of uranium(VI) in drinking water

-0.60 -0.40 -0.200

50

100

150

Cd

Pb

Cu

0.00

I [n

A]

U [V]

The Metrohm database offers more than 1400 other

applications which can be downloaded for free at:

http://www.metrohm.com/com/Applications

28 Coated tinplate packagingApart from glass and plastics, tinplate is the material

most used for beverage packaging. Tinplate consists of a

metal substrate usually steel plate with a coat of tin

applied to its surface (FeSn2). The tin surface is then

coated with a passivating oxide layer. Next comes a

food-grade organic sealing layer to protect the underly-

ing metal layer from corrosion.

The reactions that occur at the boundary layer between

the beverage and the packaging are electrochemical in

nature, which is why they can be tested with potentio-

stats. This is a quick and easy way to detect a defective

sealing layer.

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS)

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is particu-

larly well-suited to the evaluation of these complex

boundary layers in the overall production process. EIS is

a nondestructive process that provides information on

the quality of coatings within minutes in particular

about porosity and permeability, although also about the

absorption of liquids by the coating.

Autolab PGSTAT204

The new Autolab PGSTAT204 enables the testing of elec-

trochemical properties of beverage packaging coatings:

in combination with the FRA32M module, the potentio-

stat/galvanostat can make highly sensitive electrochemical

impedance measurements.

The PGSTAT204 has a very small footprint. It has an inte-

grated potentiostat/galvanostat with an output voltage

of 20 V and a maximum current of 400 mA. It can be

extended at any time with additional modules, such as

the FRA32M module used to perform impedance mea-

surements on boundary layers in beverage packaging.

For sensitive electrochemical impedance measurements: the Autolab PGSTAT204 with the FRA32M module

www.metrohm-autolab.com

Electrochemical instruments and methods in the quality control of beverage packaging

Atline and online analytical systems from Metrohm Applikon

Atline and online analysis systems from Metrohm

Applikon are the preferred solution for process monitor-

ing in a wide range of industries. State-of-the-art meth-

ods in ion analysis provide reliable analysis results directly

in the process: pH value measurement, conductivity and

redox potential, titrations, Karl Fischer titration, photom-

etry, measurement with ion-selective electrodes, (dynam-

ic standard addition), and voltammetry.

Metrohm Applikon is an online and atline analysis special-

ist with more than 35 years experience in the field. We

offer a broad range of process analyzers and sample

preparation systems for a wide range of applications in a

diverse range of industries.

Metrohm Applikon is part of the Metrohm Group sup-

porting you globally with offices in 35 countries. Our

specialists offer you advice during the planning and

development of your own custom-designed analytical

system, commission the system, and provide professional

maintenance and service during routine operations.

Offline laboratory analysis

Manual sample collection during operation

Transport of the sample to the laboratory

Registration and analysis in the laboratory

Atline analysis

Manual sample collection during operation

Automatic analysis directly in the production process

Determination of one or more parameters

Numerous measuring points

Low to medium frequency of analyses

Rapid onsite analytical results

Online analysis

Sample collection via bypass line

Automated sample preparation

Fully automated analysis

Fastest response time and high frequency of analyses

Results as controller input

29

Atline process analysis

Process monitoring in beverage production

It is a long way before a raw material becomes a finished

product in the beverage industry. Numerous production

steps such as pulverization, filtration, fermentation, heat-

ing, cooking, pasteurization, sterilization, and distillation

are required for processing a product and making it sta-

ble.

In addition to the final inspection and testing prescribed

by law, control of the different production steps is also

critical for maximizing product throughput and yield.

Valuable time is lost if the product cannot be further

processed or packaged until samples from the various

production steps are tested in the laboratory. The ability

to perform these analyses directly in the production pro-

cess while production continues uninterrupted is a huge

benefit.

ProcessLab rugged and flexible

Metrohm Applikon offers a robust analysis system that is

easy to operate and can be set up directly at the process.

The sample is brought to the ProcessLab and the analysis

started by the push of a single button. The system is

based on established Metrohm components. ProcessLab

features modular design throughout and is configured

around specific analytical requirements. It can be opti-

mally integrated into process communications through

inputs and outputs (typically 4...20 mA). Just minutes

after the sample is collected, the relevant process infor-

mation is available to a LIMS or the master display.

The ADI 2045PL atline analyzer is ideally suited to rapid

and independent process monitoring in the production

environment. A ProcessLab system consists of a TFT

touch-screen control panel and an analysis module that

is tailored to the specific application. Thanks to its splash-

proof housing (housing protection class IP66/NEMA 4),

ProcessLab is ideally suited to harsh production condi-

tions. The beverage industry has to comply with the

highest standards of hygiene and is therefore particularly

pleased with the option of a stainless steel housing.

ProcessLab ADI 2045PL analysis system: each system is configured with the relevant modules according to user preferences.

30

Examples

Nitrites in drinking water

Nitrites are toxic to humans. They react with the iron in

hemoglobin, thus interfering with oxygen uptake. In

addition, nitrites, in the presence of secondary amines,

can lead to the formation of carcinogenic n-nitrosamines

in the body. Strict limit values on nitrite content are in

place worldwide. The World Health Organization pre-

scribes a maximum nitrite content in drinking water of

500 g/L. Drinking water leaving public water works is

held to the more stringent limit value of 100 g/L. In

Germany, baby food may not be prepared with table or

mineral waters that have nitrite concentrations of 20 g/L

or more.

Nitrite levels are colorimetrically determined: in an acidic

solution, nitrites react with primary amines to produce

diazonium salt, which bonds with aromatics to form an

azo dye detectible down to the low g/L range.

ProcessLab ensures convenient atline determination of

nitrite levels at waterworks around the clock seven days

a week if necessary. Consumers can thus be assured that

they are being supplied at all times with healthy and

impeccable water.

Iron in drinking water

In groundwater aquifers, water comes into contact with

various types of iron-containing stone, thus introducing

iron ions into the ground water. Although this is not

harmful to health, brown iron precipitates can develop

which can form deposits, resulting in unpleasant aromas

and flavors, particularly when stored in bottles. The

World Health Organization prescribes a limit value of 200

g/L for iron in drinking water. Water works employ a

number of aeration and filtration systems to comply with

the guideline.

The ProcessLab atline analysis system performs colori-

metric determination of iron levels, thus enabling moni-

toring of the iron removal processes. Operators regularly

collect samples in barcode-labeled containers from indi-

vidual water batches. The containers are then placed on

a sample changer and the sample series is started at the

ProcessLab manager. The rest of the process is fully auto-

mated: from sampling the containers to sample prepara-

tion, analysis and documentation of the results.

31

Fully automated beverage analysis with Anton Paar and the Metrohm ProcessLab system

Simultaneous analysis directly from the container

Once the samples are arranged on the sample changer, the

tiamoTM controller and database software handles sample

identification and measurement method coding using a USB

barcode reader. The Anton Paar PBA-S takes the beverage

sample directly out of the container to determine density in

order to calculate sugar concentration in degrees Brix (Bx),

as well as CO2 content.

Metrohms ProcessLab system determines the titratable

acidity. First, the sample is degassed in a separate titra-

tion vessel. Then an aliquot is transfered into the measur-

ing cell where it is titrated with 0.1 molar caustic soda.

The individual determination results are displayed in the

tiamoTM database. The results of entire sample series can

be graphically displayed and checked on user-defined

control charts. The modern user interface of tiamoTM can

generate user-specific or method-specific views. It is also

capable of simultaneously combining several analytical

methods, such as density determination and titration,

significantly reducing measuring time.

32

Automatic sample degassing (left) and determination of titratable acidity (right). tiamoTM-controlled beverage analysis is exception-ally robust and can be extended at any time with additional analytic parameters.

333533

The fully automated Multiparameter Measuring System for beverage analysis

The Multiparameter Measuring System at a glance

Simultaneous and fully automated determination of degrees Brix (Bx),

CO2 content, and titratable acidity

Direct sampling from containers with Anton Paar PBA-S

Complete control with tiamoTM software

Lower time and personnel requirements through higher degree of auto-

mation

Very high reproducibility

Straightforward operation

Safe, easy, and robust procedure

Additional parameters can be integrated

Measuring time < 6 minutes

34

Online process analysis

Customized online process monitoring

Production processes in the beverage industry must be

continuously monitored. Online analyzers from Metrohm

Applikon optimally fulfill this requirement. Engineered for

continuous operation, these instruments enable the fully

automatic control of production processes seven days

a week, 24 hours a day. Moreover, it does not make a

difference whether a single parameter is to be deter-

mined in a single sample stream or several different

parameters are to be determined in complex, multiple-

sample streams Metrohm Applikon provides you with a

suitable system for all applications.

Proven wet chemistry methods

Metrohm Applikon online analyzers are based on wet

chemistry processes such as titration, colorimetry, and

measurements with ion-selective electrodes. Sampling

and sample preparation are at least as important as the

analysis itself. Metrohm Applikon has great expertise in

this field and configures the sampling system to fit your

application precisely, including features such as filtration,

the removal of samples from pressurized containers, or

degassing.

Straightforward network integration

All Metrohm Applikon online analyzers come with digital

and analog data outputs. Results can be transmitted via

analog 4...20 mA signals and alarms can be triggered by

digital outputs. Digital inputs can be employed for

remote start/stop commands.

Robust design in stainless steel

Metrohm Applikon analyzers are constructed for the

rigorous demands of the production environment. The

housings meet NEMA 4 and protection class IP66 speci-

fications. In environments that demand the highest stan-

dards of hygiene and durability, Metrohm Applikon offers

its ADI 2045TI and ADI 201Y process analyzers equipped

with stainless steel housings.

The ADI 201Y process analyzer in stainless steel for the beverage industrywww.metrohm-applikon.com

35

Determination of water hardness

The hardness of water used for beverage production has a

significant influence on the flavor of the end product.

Furthermore, excessive water hardness can result in trou-

blesome deposits on the metal surfaces of processing

equipment. Water hardness can be determined either

colorimetrically using hydroxynaphthol blue as an indicator

or by complexometric titration with EDTA and an ion-

selective electrode. Determination can be performed con-

veniently using an Alert analyzer either the Alert ADI

2003 for ISE determination or the Alert ADI 2004 for colo-

rimetric measurement. Higher degrees of hardness can be

determined conveniently with ADI analyzers.

Manganese and aluminum

Concentrations of manganese and aluminum in water can

also affect the flavor of drinks. Aluminum is determined

colorimetrically. Depending on the concentration range

required, determination can be performed using

Eriochrome cyanine R, pyrocatechol violet, or a combina-

tion of Chromazurol S and cetylpyridinium chloride, in

ascending order of detection sensitivity. Manganese is first

oxidized with periodate, and then converted with leuco-

malachite green to form a blue complex. The ADI 2019 or

the ADI 2045 can be used as an online analyzer.

Examples

Peracetic acid in beverage industry filling systems

Peracetic acid is used in the beverage industry to sterilize

bottles before filling. Too much peracetic acid compro-

mises the taste of the beverage, requires more rinsing

and causes unnecessary costs. On the other hand, if too

little peracetic acid is used, mold can start growing in the

bottles. Peracetic acid is determined by its reaction with

iodide through which elemental iodine is formed. The

iodine, in turn, can be determined colorimetrically. The

entire analysis, including sample preparation, can be

automated with an ADI 2019 analyzer.

Alkalinity of brewing water

The alkalinity of water is the decisive factor for determin-

ing whether it is suitable for use as brewing water for the

production of beer. Whereas water with a high degree of

hardness is suitable only for the production of bock beer,

the brewing of lager beer requires soft water. Beer pro-

ducers must therefore constantly monitor the hardness of

the brewing water. The alkalinity of water is determined

by acid titration; the hardness of water is measured in mg

of CaCO3 per liter. The ADI 2045 TI analyzer is ideally

suited to the fully automated performance of this impor-

tant analysis.

Reliable measurement results for the lifetime of

the analytical instrument

Measurement errors can have disastrous results in the

beverage industry and should be avoided at all costs.

Metrohm analytical instruments are engineered to deliver

extremely precise measurements. As a result, leading

international companies from the beverage industry also

appreciate us for our comprehensive services.

With Metrohm Quality Service your are on the safe side

from day one. From installation to commissioning, to

regular maintenance and to fast repair work, we offer

the assurance that laboratory supervisors will always be

able to rely one hundred percent on the measurement

results throughout the entire service life of their instru-

ments.

Metrohm Compliance Service

You can depend on Metrohm Compliance Service when

it is time for the professional initial qualification of your

analytical instruments. Installation Qualification/

Operational Qualification (IQ/OQ) saves you time and

money because we configure the system according to

our requirements and ensure quick and easy commis-

sioning.

Furthermore, user instruction and training ensures safe,

error-free operation. Metrohm Compliance Service

includes complete documentation and guarantees con-

formity with standard quality management requirements,

such as GLP/GMP and ISO.

Service you can rely on: Metrohm Quality Service

36

training. You can choose between different types of ser-

vice contracts. A full-service contract, for example, offers

you optimum security for worry-free work with full cost

control and completely compliant verification documen-

tation.

Metrohm Quality Service

Global Metrohm Quality Service, particularly preventive

maintenance carried out on a regular basis, extends the

service life of your analysis systems while ensuring trou-

ble-free operation. Maintenance work is carried out by

qualified service experts who have received certified

37

Metrohm Quality Service Customer benefits

Depending on the type, Metrohm maintenance con-tracts (Care Contracts) include maintenance, instrument certification, on-site repairs, free or reduced-price replacement parts and consumables, and guaranteed reaction times.

Cost security and savings, rapid reaction times and quick troubleshooting. Low downtime and ideal prepa-ration for audits

Application support in the form of Application Bulletins, Application Notes, monographs, validation brochures, technical posters and specialist articles

Personal support from our specialists by e-mail or tele-phone

Quick and professional solutions to any application questions and complex analytical problems

Training coursesCompetent users contribute substantially to reliable results

Certified calibrations, e.g., of dosing and exchange units

Precise resultsVerification documentation for compliance with regula-tions and efficient audits

Remote maintenance Quick solutions to software questions

Back-up support High data security

Emergency services, e.g., express on-site repairsShort response times for rapid problem resolutionMinimization of downtime

Worldwide availability of spare parts, made by Metrohm in Switzerland with ten-year replacement parts guarantee after last production date

Sustainably successful repair; short delivery timesMinimization of downtime

Decentralized repair workshops located around the world and a central workshop in Switzerland

Rapid availability of repaired instruments

Metrohm Quality Service at a glance

38

Applications

This brochure illustrates a small selection of applications (AB: Application Bulletin, AN: Application Note) from

Metrohm's comprehensive beverage analysis product range. The following list contains additional applications. If you

do not see your application on the list, please contact your local Metrohm representative.

You can download the applications at: www.metrohm.com/com/Applications

Beverages General

AN-S-141 Chloride, nitrate, phosphate, sulfate, and citrate in beverages

AN-T-042 Citric and oxalic acid in mixtures


Mineral, spring, table and medicinal waters

The number of applications is too great to list here. Please visit the website listed above and navigate

to Industries > General application literature database > Environment > Water > Drinking and tap water.

Soft drinks

AN-N-052 Caffeine in cola soft drinks

AN-P-003 Glucose, fructose, and sucrose in a cola drink

AN-P-004 Mannitol, glucose, and xylose in a diet cola drink

AN-S-185 Phosphoric acid in soft drinks

AN-S-307 Phosphate in cola drink

AN-U-026 Phenylalanine, aspartame, caffeine, and benzoate in soft drinks

AN-V-095 Quinine in bitter lemon

8.792.5011 Monograph: Practical Ion Chromatography, experiment 11: Phosphoric acid in cola drinks

Fruit juices

AB-180 Automatic determination of the formalin number in fruit and vegetable juices

AB-085 Analysis of jams, fruit and vegetable juices, and their concentrates

AB-070 Polarographic determination of nitrate in water samples, soil and plant extracts, vegetable juices,

meat and sausages, fertilizers, liquid manure, etc.

AN-C-067 Cations in grapefruit soft drink using inline dialysis

AN-C-102 Standard cations in orange juice

AN-O-032 Malate and ascorbate in fruit juice

AN-P-006 Inositol, glucose, fructose, and sucrose in orange juice

AN-P-033 Cellobiose in apple juice

AN-S-112 Five organic acids in fruit juice using chemical suppression after ion-exclusion separation

AN-S-164 Five anions in orange juice

AN-S-189 Citrate and isocitrate in fruit juices

AN-T-030 Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) in fruit juices

AN-V-073 Ascorbic acid in orange juice

Functional drinks

AN-C-068 Cations in functional fruit juice using inline dialysis

AN-O-003 Citrate and acetate in isotonic solutions

AN-O-025 Sorbate and benzoate in functional drinks

Infusion beverages

AN-O-037 Organic acids in roasted coffee

AN-P-036 Determination of free and total sugar in instant coffee (according to ISO 11292)

39 Nonalcoholic beerAN-C-048 Five cations in nonalcoholic beer with strawberry flavor

Alcoholic beverages

Beer

AN-P-017 Propylene glycol in a bitter (dark) beer

AN-P-023 Fermentable sugars in beer wort

AN-P-034 Sugars and sugar alcohols in beer

AN-S-124 Chlorite, chloride, sulfite, and oxalate in beer

AN-S-193 Four anions in beer wort

AN-S-225 Sulfite in the presence of standard anions in beer on the column Metrosep A Supp 10 - 100/4.0

Wine

AB-112 Quantitative determination of metals that can be precipitated by potassium hexacyanoferrate(II) in

wine ("dcassage" of wine)

AB-139 Simple wine analysis

AB-225 Simple wine analysis with the Titrino

AN-C-070 Cations and biogenic amines in wine

AN-C-105 Copper, zinc, iron(II), and manganese in wine by ion chromatography with post-column reaction and

UV/VIS detection

AN-O-006 Organic acids and phosphate in wine

AN-S-281 Anions in wine

AN-T-072 Reducing sugars in wine and candies

AN-V-092 Nickel in white wine after UV digestion

AN-V-093 Zinc, cadmium, lead, and copper in red wine after UV digestion

AN-V-094 Rhodium and platinum in red wine after UV digestion

AN-V-201 Nickel and cobalt in red wine after UV digestion

8.792.5011 Monograph: Practical Ion Chromatography, experiment 12: Organic acids in wine

Distilled spirits

AN-P-021 Glucose, fructose, and sucrose in vodka

AN-V-031 Coumarin and tartrazine in vodka

AN-V-039 Zinc, cadmium, lead, and copper in whiskey after UV digestion

AN-V-040 Aluminum and chromium in whiskey after UV digestion

8.792.5011 Monograph: Practical Ion Chromatography, experiment 9: Anions in ethanol and spirits (liquor)

Liquid food

AB-342 Automated calcium and magnesium determination in milk using 859 Titrotherm and 814 USB Sample

Processor

AN-H-103 Determination of calcium and magnesium in milk

AN-K-007 Water in yogurt powder

AN-P-005 Seven carbohydrates in milk after sample preparation by Inline Dialysis

AN-P-046 Lactose in lactose-free dairy products applying pulsed amperometric detection after Inline Dialysis

AN-S-297 Iodide, thiocyanate, and perchlorate in milk applying Inline Dialysis

AN-C-030 Four cations in a soybean drink (chocolate flavor) using dialysis for sample preparation

AN-H-125 Determination of sodium in soy milk

AN-P-046 Lactose in lactose-free dairy products applying pulsed amperometric detection after Inline Dialysis

40

Ordering Information

pH measurement

2.826.0110 826 pH mobile with carrying case and Primatrode

2.827.021x 827 pH lab IrDA with Unitrode

2.780.0010 780 pH meter with Unitrode

2.781.0010 781 pH/Ion meter with Unitrode

2.867.0110 867 pH Module with Touch Control including iUnitrode

2.867.0210 867 pH module with tiamoTM light including iUnitrode

Conductivity measurement/titration of alpha acids

2.856.0110 856 Conductivity Module with Touch Control

2.856.0210 856 Conductivity module with tiamoTM light

2.856.1210 Conductometric titrator

Titration

2.848.1010 Food/beverage Titrino plus

2.859.1010 859 Titrotherm

2.848.1020 Food/beverage Titrino plus with printer

2.848.2010 Salt Titrino plus

2.848.1020 Salt Titrino plus with printer

2.905.4010 Food Titrando with tiamoTM light

2.916.2010 Salt Ti-Touch

2.916.4010 Food Ti-Touch

Water determination according to Karl Fischer

Volumetric KF Titration

2.915.0110 915 KF Ti-Touch including accessories

2.890.0110 890 Titrando with 900 Touch Control

2.890.0210 890 Titrando with tiamoTM light

2.870.1010 870 KF Titrino plus complete

2.901.0010 901 Titrando including titrator vessel and indicator electrode

KF sample preparation

2.136.0100 Polytron PT 1300 D

41

Automation

MATi07 Automated titration system for up to 28 samples

MATi08 Automated pipetting and titration system for up to 100 samples

2.862.1010 Food/Beverage Compact Titrosampler

2.862.1110 Food/Beverage Compact Titrosampler with printer

2.862.2010 Salt Compact Titrosampler

2.862.2110 Salt Compact Titrosampler with printer

2.815.1110 815 Robotic Titration Soliprep

2.815.2110 815 Robotic Flexible Soliprep

2.815.3110 815 Robotic Filtration Soliprep

2.815.4110 815 Robotic Soliprep for LC

Ion chromatography

2.940.2500 940 Professional IC Vario TWO/SeS/PP for anion and cation determination

2.930.2560 930 Compact IC Flex Oven/SeS/PP/Deg for the analysis of anions

2.850.9010 IC Conductivity Detector for anion and cation determination

2.850.9110 IC Amperometry Detector for carbohydrate determination

2.944.0010 944 Professional UV/VIS Detector Vario for bromate determination in water

2.943.0110 943 Professional Reactor Vario for post-column derivatization

42 2.858.0020 858 Professional Sample Processor for automated determinations2.800.0010 800 Dosino for the fully automated Liquid Handling of samples

2.941.0010 941 Eluent Production Module

6.3032.210 Dosing unit 10 mL

6.5330.090 IC Equipment: Additional Eluent on the Eluent Production Module

6.5330.100 IC Equipment: Inline Dialysis

6.5330.110 IC Equipment: Inline Ultrafiltration

6.5330.120 IC Equipment: Inline Dilution

6.5330.170 IC Equipment: MiPuT

6.5330.180 IC Equipment: MiPT

6.5337.010 IC Equipment Wall-Jet cell: carbohydrate determination

6.6059.301 MagIC Net 3.0 Compact

6.6059.302 MagIC Net 3.0 Professional

6.6059.303 MagIC Net 3.0 Multi

6.1031.410 Metrosep A Supp 16 - 100/4.0 for bromate determination

6.1006.510 Metrosep A Supp 5 - 100/4.0 for anion determination

6.1013.010 Metrosep Carb 1 - 150/4.0 for carbohydrate determination

Voltammetry

2.797.0010 797 VA Computrace for trace analysis (manual operation)

MVA-2 797 VA Computrace system for trace analysis with automatic standard addition (comprised of

797 VA Computrace with two 800 Dosinos for the automatic addition of auxiliary solutions)

MVA-3 Fully automated 797 VA Computrace system for trace analysis (comprised of 797 VA Computrace

with 863 Compact VA Autosampler and two 800 Dosinos for automatic addition of auxiliary solu-

tions; automatic processing of up to 18 samples)

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beverages.metrohm.com

Beverage Analysis

Documents

Transcript of Beverage Analysis