Between the WarsBetween the Wars

1920 – 1941 1920 – 1941 Chapter 23Chapter 23

Politics of IsolationPolitics of IsolationWashington ConferenceWashington Conference (1921): series (1921): series of disarmament treaties involving all of disarmament treaties involving all major industrialized nations.major industrialized nations.

Kellogg-Briand PactKellogg-Briand Pact (1927): 60 nations (1927): 60 nations agreed to outlaw aggressive war! agreed to outlaw aggressive war!

Dawes PlanDawes Plan (1924-29): U.S. loaned $ to (1924-29): U.S. loaned $ to Germany = pay France & Britain = pay Germany = pay France & Britain = pay U.S.U.S.

Latin AmericaLatin America Americans wanted Americans wanted to limit to limit intervention !Too intervention !Too expensive!expensive!

Good Neighbor Good Neighbor PolicyPolicy: FDR : FDR focused on focused on diplomacy, diplomacy, reciprocal trade, reciprocal trade, and understandingand understanding

The Rise of DictatorsThe Rise of Dictators

Causes: Causes: World War I & Versailles TreatyWorld War I & Versailles Treaty The Global DepressionThe Global Depression Fear of the spread of Soviet Fear of the spread of Soviet

Communism led to right-wing Communism led to right-wing reactionary governments reactionary governments

Mussolini and Italian Mussolini and Italian Fascism (1922-1943)Fascism (1922-1943)

Appealed to Middle & Upper ClassAppealed to Middle & Upper ClassWanted revival of Roman EmpireWanted revival of Roman Empire

FascismFascism: radical authoritarian : radical authoritarian nationalist ideologynationalist ideology Anti-CommunisticAnti-Communistic Anti-Democratic Anti-Democratic Totalitarian leader is the state Totalitarian leader is the state

Adolf Hitler & German Adolf Hitler & German Nazism (1933-1945)Nazism (1933-1945)

Blamed socialists, communists, Blamed socialists, communists, and Jews for defeat in WWIand Jews for defeat in WWI

Wanted to reverse Versailles Trty. Wanted to reverse Versailles Trty. And build a new German EmpireAnd build a new German Empire

Claimed Aryan-Germans were the Claimed Aryan-Germans were the Superior RaceSuperior Race

Was named Chancellor at height of Was named Chancellor at height of Germany’s depression.Germany’s depression.

His party gained total control of His party gained total control of Germany & revoked civil libertiesGermany & revoked civil liberties

Purged & murdered “undesirables”Purged & murdered “undesirables” KristallnachtKristallnacht

Japanese MilitarismJapanese MilitarismJapan had gone from Feudalism to Japan had gone from Feudalism to World Power in less than a centuryWorld Power in less than a century

Militarists, Nationalists, & Industrialists Militarists, Nationalists, & Industrialists gained power in the 1930sgained power in the 1930s

Ruled in name of the Emperor. Denied Ruled in name of the Emperor. Denied civil liberties & pursued expansion for civil liberties & pursued expansion for resourcesresources

Japan Invades Manchuria Japan Invades Manchuria (1931)(1931)

Japan set up a Japan set up a puppet-govt.puppet-govt.

U.S. condemned U.S. condemned the takeover, but the takeover, but did nothing.did nothing.

Japan withdrew Japan withdrew from League of from League of NationsNations

Joseph Stalin & the Joseph Stalin & the U.S.S.R. (1924-1953)U.S.S.R. (1924-1953)

Created a command economy, Created a command economy, rapidly industrialized Russiarapidly industrialized Russia

May have killed up to 20 million May have killed up to 20 million thru purges, slave labor, famines, thru purges, slave labor, famines, forced relocationsforced relocations

Cold & calculating Totalitarian Cold & calculating Totalitarian

The USA recognizes the The USA recognizes the USSR (1933)USSR (1933)

Rise of Fascism led to this Rise of Fascism led to this marriage of conveniencemarriage of convenience

FDR felt it would help out economyFDR felt it would help out economy

Alliance lasted until end of WWIIAlliance lasted until end of WWII