Between the Wars 1919-1939. Treaty of Versailles Germany was forced by France and Britain to: ◦...
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![Page 1: Between the Wars 1919-1939. Treaty of Versailles Germany was forced by France and Britain to: ◦ Pay reparations ◦ Give up territory ◦ Restrict the size.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070408/56649e695503460f94b66990/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Between the WarsBetween the Wars1919-1939
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Treaty of VersaillesTreaty of VersaillesGermany was forced by France
and Britain to:◦Pay reparations◦Give up territory◦Restrict the size of their military◦Accept responsibility for the war
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Anger over TreatyAnger over TreatyJapan angry it did not get control
of ChinaChina angry that German
possessions in China were given to Japan
Russia angry over the loss of Poland, Lithuania, Estonia, and Latvia
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League of NationsLeague of NationsWeak and ineffectiveBritain and France dominated it;
the US never joined (fearing it would drag them into another war); Britain and France refused to give up their colonial possessions nationalist movements would create tension
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Collapse of EmpiresCollapse of EmpiresAustria-HungaryOttoman Empire
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Nationalist MovementsNationalist MovementsTurkish Nationalism- to rebuild, modernize
and industrialize after collapse of Ottoman Empire
Iranian Nationalism- to kick out Britain and France; to modernize and industrialize
Pan-Arabism- to reassert their claims of self-determination following Sykes-Picot agreement
Zionism- to establish a homeland for Jews in Palestine Israel
Indian Nationalism- to challenge British rule in India
Chinese Nationalism- to avenge their victimization by warlords and foreign powers
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Literature and ArtsLiterature and ArtsExpressed a loss of faith,
especially in the WestMoved away from realism
towards impressionism and cubism
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Women’s SuffrageWomen’s SuffrageThe movement had begun in
industrialized nations in the early 1800’s, but had gained strength as a result of WWI. Women had worked in factories to support the war effort governments could no longer deny them the right to vote
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Worldwide DepressionWorldwide DepressionSoldiers returning home needed jobsWar debts had to be paidCities and factories had to be rebuilt in EuropeThe end of the war meant less demand for raw
materials prices dropped producers of raw materials lost money stopped buying from factories factory workers laid off people buying on credit stock market crashed worldwide economic depression
Fascists blamed minority groups in their countries
Communists celebrated the “failure of capitalism”
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Stalin industrializes Russia, Stalin industrializes Russia, but at what cost?but at what cost?
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The Rise of FascismThe Rise of FascismFascism: the rule
of a people by a dictatorial government that is nationalistic and imperialistic
Characteristics of Fascism◦ Rule by dictator◦ Blind loyalty to
leader◦ Use of violence
and terror◦ Strong military◦ Censorship◦ Strict discipline◦ State control of
economy (socialism)
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Mussolini in ItalyMussolini in ItalyItalians were
angry that they didn’t get the lands promised to them by Britain and France
Soldiers were angry they couldn’t find work
Taxes were high because of the cost of rebuilding
Mussolini’s Fascist party gains control of Italy with promises of jobs, lower taxes, expansion of territory
Fascists used violence and terror to gain and keep control of Italy
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Mussolini, continuedMussolini, continued
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Hitler in GermanyHitler in GermanyTook control of
the weak Weimar government to create panic Hitler promised people jobs, and revenge. He promised to make Germany great again.
Once in power, he ended free elections, censored the press, and used violence and terror to maintain control
Used Jews as a scapegoat for Germany’s problems Holocaust
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Japan: Militarism and Japan: Militarism and ExpansionExpansionJapan had opened up to the West in
1854 the Tokugawa Shogunate was forced to step down and the emperor was restored to power the Meiji Restoration
The Meiji followed a policy of “if you can’t beat ‘em, join ‘em, learn from them, and eventually use it against them”. Japan let the West in rather than become victims of imperialism they would modernize, industrialize, and “become the Britain of the East”—only Britain did not know this.
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The Meiji RestorationThe Meiji Restoration
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……ContinuedContinuedJapan was hit hard by Great
Depression angry blamed the West for its problems extreme nationalism and desire for power invasion of China to satisfy its need for raw materials Militarism/ Imperialism/ Extreme Nationalism/ Hatred of West WWII
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ConclusionConclusionWWI and the Treaty of
Versailles Great Depression Rise of Fascism in Germany and Italy WWII