BEST PRACTICES IN CENSUS IMPLEMENTATION: The Case of The 2009 Kenya Population and Housing Census...
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Transcript of BEST PRACTICES IN CENSUS IMPLEMENTATION: The Case of The 2009 Kenya Population and Housing Census...
BEST PRACTICES IN CENSUS IMPLEMENTATION:The Case of The 2009 Kenya Population and Housing Census Collins O. OpiyoDirector for Population & Social StatisticsKenya National Bureau of Statistics
Presented at the UN Regional Seminar on Census Data Dissemination and Spatial Analysis in Nairobi, Kenya: 14-17 September 2010
OUTLINE
INTRODUCTION HISTORY OF CENSUS-TAKING IN KENYA 2009 CENSUS OBJECTIVES 2009 CENSUS METHODOLOGY BEST PRACTICES CHALLENGES BASIC REPORTS CONTENTS THOUGHTS ON ANALYSIS PLANS CONCLUSIONS
INTRODUCTION
Each census is presents unique challenges Census conducted against the backdrop of:
International financial meltdown Drought / Famine Post-election violence High public awareness Fragmented and liberal media Insecurity concerns Rapid creation on new administrative
Share best practices based on the challenges
CENSUS-TAKING IN KENYA: A century of success & experience
Evolution from head-counts to complex inquiries: 1897- 2.5m 1948- 5.4m 1962- 8.6m 1969- 10.9m 1979- 15.3m 1989- 21.4m 1999- 28.7m 2009- 38.6m
OBJECTIVES OF THE 2009 CENSUS
Overall: collect demographic and socio-economic data for decision-making
Specific: Ascertain- Size, composition, spatial distribution Population dynamics Social, economic and other
characteristics Housing conditions and amenities
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UN Principles & Recommendations observed Census Night: 24th/25th August 2009 De Facto, Canvasser methods used Main questionnaire & 4 short questionnaires (extensive
user consultation) Questions - for implementing Vision 2030 & global dev’t
agenda (MDGs) Admin & political units (districts, constituencies, counties) New Technology to ensure efficiency & accuracy
(GIS, scanning using US Census Bureau supported ICADE) PES conducted External M&E of census process undertaken
OVERVIEW OF THE 2009 CENSUS METHODOLOGY
QUESTIONNAIRE HIGHLIGHTS
Administrative, political, informal units Disability Maternal deaths Employment sector (formal, informal) Livestock census (stock, variety) Use of ICT (computer/internet, mobile
phones) Emigrants (characteristics, remittances)
NUMBERS IN 2009 CENSUS Budget: Ksh. 7.4 billion, revised to Ksh. 8 billion (100
million USD); Government funding 95% Cost per capita: USD 2.5 Slightly more than half (Ksh.4.5 billion) pays recruited
personnel Field personnel
Senior Supervisors: 6,000 Supervisors: 22,000 Enumerators: 115,000 Village elders: 100,000 Security personnel: 45,000
Questionnaires: 12 million
BEST PRACTICES Strict adherence to UN Principles and
Recommendations Regularity (decennial periodicity) Simultaneity Universality
Pilot census undertaken Post Enumeration Survey (PES)
conducted External monitoring and evaluation
undertaken Risk Analysis Matrix developed
BEST PRACTICES…
EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE KNBS Board of Directors National Census Steering Committee (NCSC)
National Census Officer / PS - Planning Census Secretariat
National Census Coordinator / Director General KNBS Technical Working Committee (TWC) District Census Committees (DCCs) Sub-Committees (Logistics, Publicity & Advocacy,
Finance & Administration, Recruitment) DONOR FORUM coordinated by UNFPA-Kenya
BEST PRACTICES…
POLITICAL LEADERSHIP AND COMMITMENT AT HIGHEST LEVEL
Gov’t commitment to funding the census National Census Launch by the President and
other dignitaries Advocacy/sensitization meetings for key
opinion influencers Chaired by Minister
BEST PRACTICES…
EFFECTIVE USE OF NEW TECHNOLOGY IN CARTOGRAPHIC MAPPINGGPS (Global Positioning System)Satellite/Aerial images GIS database
Maps digitized, verified
BEST PRACTICES…
EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION STRATEGY Communication strategy developed and
implemented; Census logo developed Marketed census as national exercise, linked to
national and global dev’t goals 25-day countdown to enumeration, launched by
the President Sensitized key opinion influencers – IEC materials
(FAQs, posters, brochures, docu-drama, documentary) Message focused on individual – That it is in their
best interest to be enumerated Census process divorced from politics.
BEST PRACTICES…
COMPETITIVE RECRUITMENT & EFFECTIVE TRAINING
Field positions advertised Clear guidelines issued Transparent Interviews conducted Trainers (TOT) drawn among technical
collaborating institutions & national experts
Attractive field allowances
BEST PRACTICES…
SECURITY CONCERNS ADDRESSED Adequate security arrangements
Security Chiefs provided with lists of census personnel by village
Meeting with security councilMeeting with police Commissioner and
Operations Chiefs Meeting with other security operatives
(Police, NSIS, OP) on insecurity hotspotsSecurity operation plan for each District
BEST PRACTICES…
EXTERNAL M&E OF CENSUS PROCESS
TASKS Observe, monitor & document:
Recruitment & Training Adequacy, dispatch of materials Preparedness of District offices Enumeration Readiness of data processing center General Administration and Logistics
BEST PRACTICES…
ENUMERATION Public sensitized on importance of being
counted (public, business, research uses of data)
Census/Public holiday; limited social activity and travel
VIPs zoned and enumerated on Census Night; media coverage
Proactive media management – daily media briefings on progress
Communication Center/hotlines set up
BEST PRACTICES…
PRUDENT TRANSPORT STRATEGY Mobilized from government
Ministries / Departments / Public institutions (HQs, Districts)
Mobilised from Donors, Private Sector
Encouraged Snr. Supervisors to use own vehicles for a fee
Out-sourced material dispatch
BEST PRACTICES…
OTHERS Partnership with commercial banks facilitated
setting up of census accounts for every district Census personnel encouraged to open bank
accounts where necessary for free; Money for personnel wired directly to their accounts
Use of ICT – mobile phones, internet – increased real-time response
Printing of questionnaires based on comprehensive specs and quality-controlled by senior ICT staff
BEST PRACTICES…
OTHERS Provision of insurance cover for all census
personnel Publication of results at both administrative
and political units Splitting of census basic volumes to
accommodate more details Undertaking of preliminary validation of the
results Short message service (SMS) query system
(3151 on zain or Safaricom)
CHALLENGES / CONSTRAINTS
Competing national interests: Famine/hunger, drought, resettlement of IDPs
Insecurity concerns Post-election violence
Delays in mapping; sensitivity to certain questions Enumeration of Pastoralists and border populations Boundary Disputes Transport & Logistics Creation of new districts (from 70 in 1999 to nearly
300 currently) Increasingly fragmented (liberal) media Resource mobilization
BASIC REPORTS CONTENTS
4 Basic Volumes Volume IA Volume IB Volume IC Volume II
BASIC REPORTS …
Vol. IA :Population Distribution by Administrative Units
Vol. IB :Population Distribution by Political units (Const. & counties)
Vol. IC :Population Distribution by Age and Sex
Vol. II :Population & Household Distribution by Socio-Economic Characteristics
CONTENTS: Volume IA
5 Tables: (1, 1a, 1b, 2 and 3) Shows population distribution by sex,
number of households, land area in KM2 and population density
Table 1:Summary population at National, provincial and district level for the 158 census districts
Tables 1a &1b: Rural/Urban-By sex, HHlds, area and density
Table 2:Presents data up to Sub-Location
CONTENTS: Volume IBPolitical Units:
Four tables (1,1a, 2 and 2a) Two levels: Constituency and County Tables 1 and 1a
Present population distributed by sex, number of households, area and density at Constituency and County levels respectively
Tables 1 and 1a: Show population distribution in single years
of age by Constituency and County.
CONTENTS: Volume IC
Three tables (1,2 and 3) At National, Provincial and District
levels. Tables 1
Present population distributed by single years of age
Tables 2 and 3: Population distribution by single years of
age by Rural and Urban.
CONTENTS: Volume II
At National, Provincial and District levels.
First Tables: Education Two tables on Labour Force Nine on Housing One table each on water, sanitation,
lighting, tribe, religion, livestock and asset ownership.
[SOME] THOUGHTS ON ANALYSIS PLANS Several products can be “harvested” from census
data – thoughtful analysis plans required Collaboration with different stakeholders and
research institutions is encouraged; Adds a lot of value
Market segmentation and stakeholder involvement in analysis and dissemination helps to tone down “Jargon” and “professional arrogance” that is commonplace in technical reports, and creates ownership across board
Analysis should be guided by the principle of “distilling data for policy”.
CONCLUSIONS
CENSUS IMPLEMENTATION IS A NECESSARY EVIL
MASSIVE investment requiring mobilization of national resources
MUST guarantee CREDIBILITY of the exercise to enlist public cooperation
Requires SACRIFICE - good public service