Best Practices for ISPs By Ahmer Ghazi, Sysnet. Introduction POP Hierarchy Scaling IGP –Not...
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Transcript of Best Practices for ISPs By Ahmer Ghazi, Sysnet. Introduction POP Hierarchy Scaling IGP –Not...
![Page 1: Best Practices for ISPs By Ahmer Ghazi, Sysnet. Introduction POP Hierarchy Scaling IGP –Not running IGP with the customer –No customer routes in IGP –No.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022072006/56649d0e5503460f949e425e/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Best Practices for ISPs
By Ahmer Ghazi, Sysnet
![Page 2: Best Practices for ISPs By Ahmer Ghazi, Sysnet. Introduction POP Hierarchy Scaling IGP –Not running IGP with the customer –No customer routes in IGP –No.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022072006/56649d0e5503460f949e425e/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Introduction
• POP Hierarchy• Scaling IGP
– Not running IGP with the customer– No customer routes in IGP– No Redistribution from BGP to IGP– IGP Summarization– Partitioning into areas
• Scaling BGP– Aggregation– Filtering Policy– Route Reflector Design
![Page 3: Best Practices for ISPs By Ahmer Ghazi, Sysnet. Introduction POP Hierarchy Scaling IGP –Not running IGP with the customer –No customer routes in IGP –No.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022072006/56649d0e5503460f949e425e/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Other POPsOther POPs
Peering ISPsPeering ISPs
CustomersCustomers
Secondary POPSecondary POPPrimary POPPrimary POP
DistributionDistribution
CoreCore
AccessAccess
POP Hierarchy
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Scaling IGP
• Never run IGP with the customer– Increases the database size and difficult to control– Routing instability within the customers’ network will
be propagated to the ISP.
• If non-BGP customer, ISP should put static routes for customers address blocks.
• Customer static routes should not be redistributed into IGP.
• Redistribute customer static routes directly into BGP; send towards core using iBGP.
![Page 5: Best Practices for ISPs By Ahmer Ghazi, Sysnet. Introduction POP Hierarchy Scaling IGP –Not running IGP with the customer –No customer routes in IGP –No.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022072006/56649d0e5503460f949e425e/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Scaling IGP (Managing Edge links)
– Edge links, if required should be summarized at the AS Boundary router
– Edge link IP addresses should be assigned from contiguous address block
– Externals create Type-5 LSA in OSPF and flooded everywhere
– If not summarized at ASBR, externals cannot be summarized at ABR
![Page 6: Best Practices for ISPs By Ahmer Ghazi, Sysnet. Introduction POP Hierarchy Scaling IGP –Not running IGP with the customer –No customer routes in IGP –No.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022072006/56649d0e5503460f949e425e/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Scaling IGP (No Redistribution from BGP to IGP)
• Goal of the IGP design should be to minimize the number of prefixes and only carry the BGP Next-Hops.
• Never redistribute BGP into IGP
• Try to bring customers in stub area; that way redistribution (even if configured) won’t work.
![Page 7: Best Practices for ISPs By Ahmer Ghazi, Sysnet. Introduction POP Hierarchy Scaling IGP –Not running IGP with the customer –No customer routes in IGP –No.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022072006/56649d0e5503460f949e425e/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Scaling IGP (Summarization)
• IGP Summarization at POP boundary
• Manageable address allocation– Edge Links– Customer addresses– Internal (to the POP) addresses
• No backhaul connections by-passing the core
• Not summarizing Loopbacks
![Page 8: Best Practices for ISPs By Ahmer Ghazi, Sysnet. Introduction POP Hierarchy Scaling IGP –Not running IGP with the customer –No customer routes in IGP –No.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022072006/56649d0e5503460f949e425e/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Scaling IGP (Area Partitioning)
• Scalable but complex
• Less Load on routers
• Instability is hidden
![Page 9: Best Practices for ISPs By Ahmer Ghazi, Sysnet. Introduction POP Hierarchy Scaling IGP –Not running IGP with the customer –No customer routes in IGP –No.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022072006/56649d0e5503460f949e425e/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
BGP Prefix Aggregation
• Aggregation at Multiple points• Following is captured from a router server.• 202.125.128.0 17233 7018 1 7473 17557 ?• 202.125.159.0 17233 7018 5400 17557 17557
17557 17557 i• AS 17557 owns 202.125.128.0/19• Engineer traffic by advertising different MEDs.• Advertise more specifics with “no-export”
community, in addition to the aggregate.
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Filtering Policy
• Filter to prevent the injection of invalid routes into global tables.
• Prefixes should not be accepted as smaller blocks.
• ISP should only accept prefixes originated from the customers’ AS and those for which the customer is offering transit services.
• Avoid becoming an unintended transit.
![Page 11: Best Practices for ISPs By Ahmer Ghazi, Sysnet. Introduction POP Hierarchy Scaling IGP –Not running IGP with the customer –No customer routes in IGP –No.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022072006/56649d0e5503460f949e425e/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Route Reflectors
• Route reflector• Client• Non-client• Cluster• Cluster ID• Cluster List• Originator-ID• Hierarchical RRs• Normal BGP peer
RRRR
RRRR
RRRR
RRCRRC
RRCRRC
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Route Reflector
• RR advertises iBGP learned routes from its clients to other iBGP routers.
• A Cluster consists of RR + Clients; Cluster, Cluster-ID, Cluster List
• RR does not modify any of the BGP attributes. • Route Reflector might not come in the actual
traffic path.• The RR discards the route if it sees its own
cluster-id in the cluster list
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Multiple RR
• Two RRs per POP
RR1 RR2
RRCRRC
RRC
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RR Designs
• Follow physical topology• Larger POPs can have two levels of route
reflection. • Core (RR), Distribution (RR & Client), Edge
routers (Client) • RR of smaller POPs will be clients of the top
level RR of the larger POPs.• All the RR should either be iBGP fully meshed or
connected to another layer of RR.
![Page 15: Best Practices for ISPs By Ahmer Ghazi, Sysnet. Introduction POP Hierarchy Scaling IGP –Not running IGP with the customer –No customer routes in IGP –No.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022072006/56649d0e5503460f949e425e/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Other POPsOther POPs
Peering ISPsPeering ISPs
CustomersCustomers
Secondary POPSecondary POPPrimary POPPrimary POP
RRRR RRRR
RR/RRCRR/RRCRR/RRCRR/RRC
RRCRRCRRCRRC
RRRR RRRR
RRCRRC RRCRRC RRCRRC
DistributionDistribution
CoreCore
AccessAccess
Hierarchical RR
RRCRRC RRCRRC
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Summary
• Scaling IGP– Not running IGP with the customer– No customer routes in IGP– No Redistribution from BGP to IGP– IGP Summarization– Partitioning into areas
• Scaling BGP– Prefix Aggregation– Filtering Policy– Route Reflector Design