Best Dam Lecture Ever!! US has 75,000 Large Dams (25 ft or higher) China = 80,000 DamsChina = 80,000...
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Transcript of Best Dam Lecture Ever!! US has 75,000 Large Dams (25 ft or higher) China = 80,000 DamsChina = 80,000...
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Best Dam Lecture Ever!!
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US has 75,000 Large Dams (25 ft or higher)
• China = 80,000 DamsChina = 80,000 Dams
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Colorado River Dams•Used to provide energy and water to So. Calif and
Vegas.
•Reservoir: lake formed behind
dam.
Hoover Dam
Lake MeadLake Mead
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Hoover Dam
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3 Gorges Dam3 Gorges Dam• Largest Dam, 1 mi.
long on Yangtze River
• Helps switch from coal hydroelectricity.
• Dislocation of 1 mill. peeps, burial of artifacts, loss of fertile soil on floodplains.
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Aswan Dam, Nile River: Aswan Dam, Nile River: Creates Lake NasserCreates Lake Nasser
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How this Dam Water WorksHow this Dam Water Works1)1) Water released Water released
from behind from behind reservoirreservoir
2)2) Enters DamEnters Dam3)3) Water spins a Water spins a
turbine machine turbine machine in damin dam
4)4) Turbine gens. Turbine gens. hydroelectricityhydroelectricity
5)5) Electricity Electricity delivered 2 cities delivered 2 cities via power lines. via power lines.
Glen Canyon Glen Canyon DamDam
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• Supply water year round • Electrical Power
• Recreation benefits; boating
& fishing• No air pollution
• Water used for agriculture• Inexpensive electricity
• Long economic life
Dam ProsDam Pros
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Dam ConsDam Cons
• Expensive to build, loss of human lives
• Sediments don’t flow downstream loss of nutrients
• Evaporation of fresh water behind dam increases salinity
• Fish can’t travel upstream.
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Dam failure flood
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• Increased risk of disease stagnant water (Mosquitoes and malaria)
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Case Study: Steelhead/ Case Study: Steelhead/ Rainbow TroutRainbow Trout
• Born in freshwater Born in freshwater rivers (rainbow)rivers (rainbow)
• Swim out to ocean Swim out to ocean (steelhead)(steelhead)
• Return to same river Return to same river (travel upstream) to (travel upstream) to have their babies.have their babies.
• If dam is in place, If dam is in place, cannot return to cannot return to have babies have babies die die
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Case Study: Columbia River• Story about fish…Story about fish…
• Fixing problemFixing problem
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Fish LadderFish Ladder• Series of steps the
fish hop over to travel upstream (get over dam).
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Water Water DiversionDiversion
Diverts or directs water to places in need.
(Irrigation, Drinking Water)
Exs: LA and Colorado Aqueducts
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Sharing Water ResourcesSharing Water Resources
• 3/43/4 of the worlds major river of the worlds major river basins are shared bbasins are shared b//tt at least at least 22
nationsnations
• International International cooperationcooperation!!!!
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• Aral Sea: In Glorious Nation of Kazakhstan
• Rivers to inland sea have been diverted for irrigation
Water Diversion DisasterWater Diversion Disaster
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Case Study: Aral Sea
• Evaporation has increased salinity, no fish species exist
• Salt is blown to surrounding area health problems and decreasing crop production
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Aral Sea-Was the 4Aral Sea-Was the 4thth largest largest freshwater lakefreshwater lake
19891989 20032003
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And And Now, Now, 20092009
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Water Water ConservationConservation
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• Farmers must Farmers must heavily irrigate-heavily irrigate-water crops- so water crops- so plants can grow and plants can grow and to remove saltto remove salt
• Efficient irrigation Efficient irrigation systems exist to systems exist to lessen water: use of lessen water: use of lasers, central pivot lasers, central pivot watering systems, watering systems, timers. timers.
IrrigationIrrigation
Central Pivot Central Pivot SystemSystem
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Agriculture HAgriculture H22O ConservationO Conservation
• Water crops at night (less evaporation)• Breed/select crops that are drought
tolerant• Cover surface with mulch
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• Use Reclaimed Water: Treated Sewage Water: irrigate cropsirrigate crops//water water parksparks
• City Conservation Efforts: ConsumerConsumer eded.. (If it’s yellow, be (If it’s yellow, be mellow; if it’s brown, mellow; if it’s brown, flush it down)flush it down)
ReducingReducing City City Water UseWater Use
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• Install low flow shower heads• Install low flush toilets
• Use dishwasher rather than by hand
• Take shorter showers (once a day, 10 mins/less)
Conserving Water at HomeConserving Water at Home
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• Fix leaks
• Don’t use water to clean sidewalks
• Reduce amount of grass
Personal