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UNCLASSIFIEDSECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE

.cOtm Approved

REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE 0s6 Noo 0,%O0dE.-o Date lun0 10986

14 REPORT SECURITY CLASSIFICATION Ib RESTRICTIVE MARKINGS

UNCLASSIFIED2a SECURITY CLASSIFICATION AUTHORITY I DISTRIBuTION/AVAILABILITY OF REPORT

Approved for public release;"2b DECLASSIFICATIONJOCOWNGRADING SCHEDULE distribution is unlimited.

4 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER(S) S MONITORING ORGANIZATON REPORT NUMBERS)

USACERL ADP Report N-89/15

6a NAME OF PERFORMING ORGANIZATION 6b OFFICE SYMBOL 7a NAME OF MONITORING ORGANiZA11ON

Central Washington University (If applicable) U.S. Army Construction EngineeringI aResearch Laboratory

6C ADDRESS (City. State. and ZIP Code) 7b ADDRESS (Cory, State. and ZIP Code)PO Box 4005

Ellensburg, Washington 98926 Champaign, IL 61824-4005

S. NAME OF FuNDING/SPONSORING Bb OFFICE SYMBOL 9 PROCUREMENT INSTRUMENT IDENTIFICATION NUMBERORGANIZATION (If applicable)

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PROGRAM PROJECT TASK WORK UNITELEMENT NO NO NO ACCESSION NO

__I I I F7911 TITLE (Include Security Classification)

The GRASS Problem-Solving Manual (U)

12 PERSONAL AUTHOR(S)

Ressler, John Q.13a TYPE OF REPORT 13b TIME COVERED 14 DATE OF REPORT (Year. Month. Day) 15 PAGE COUNT

finalI FROM TO 1989, October 10216 SUPPLEMENTARY NOTATION

Copies are available from the National Technical Information Service5285 Port Royal Road,Springfield, VA 22161.

17 COSATI CODES 18 SUBJECT TERMS (Continue on reverse if necessary and Identify by block numlcr)

FIEL GROUP SUB-GROUP GRASS

08 06 geographic information systems

19 ABSTRACT (Continue on reverse if necessary and identify by block number)

GRASS is a geographic information system (GIS) software package containing a variety of

programs to perform and display geographic analysis and digital image processing.

This report familiarizes users with the GRASS analytical tools and shows how to use the toolsto help solve resource management problems.

20 DISTRIBUTION;AVAILABILITY OF ABSTRACT 21 ABSTRACT SECURITY CLASSIFICATION

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Gloria Wienke (217) 352-6511 (x353) CECER-IMT

O0 FORM 1473. 84 MAR 83 APR editiOn may be used until exh'austed f- .RIt'v CLASSIICATION OF THIS PACE

All other editions are obsolete UNCLASSIFIED

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