Bernhard Koessler Bernhard.koessler@jdsu...– Intra and Inter-Labs Connections 3GPP Legacy Access...
Transcript of Bernhard Koessler Bernhard.koessler@jdsu...– Intra and Inter-Labs Connections 3GPP Legacy Access...
© 2010 JDSU. All rights reserved. JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION2
A Global Company
Employees: 4,600
Locations: 80+ Sales and R&D sites globally
Global Presence: 164 countries
Annual Revenue: $1.3B
Index Membership: S&P 500
© 2010 JDSU. All rights reserved. JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION3
JDSU E2E LTE Portfolio
Challenges
Solution
Benefits
• RF Coverage & Quality
• Handovers
• Application Performance
• Throughput & Latency
• Run a successful NEM
Trial
• Interoperability
• E2E performance & latency
• Correlating radio & network
• Turn up & acceptance
• Fix Service Issues
• Reduce Operational
Costs
• Troubleshooting & testing
• Increased
Complexity
• Scalability
• QoS Management
• VoIP
• RF Network coverage and
application measurements
- LTE & legacy technology
• Protocol Analysis &
Network Diagnostics
for 3G & LTE
technologies
• Complete Ethernet
lifecycle
deployment & operation
• Session Trace,
QoSA, Investigator,
DMT
•One tool: UE & Receiver
Measurements
•All Technologies:1
platform
• Integration with SART
•Full End-to-End Analysis
•Reduce Storage Costs
•Lowest Cost Per User
•Integration with Drive
Test
• Troubleshoot: physical
layer up to the
application
• Continuous Threshold
Monitoring
• Lower Resolution Time
• KPI network monitoring
• Real time reactive
investigations
JDSU offers the only solution to test LTE and existing networks with visibility of both radio & network links
• Services fail even when
network looks normal
• E2E service monitoring
• Test as a customer
would
Drive Test Active Test Network Protocol Test Ethernet Backhaul Assurance
• Scheduled & on-
demand active testing
• 24 x 7 monitoring
• Subscriber perspective
• E2E user perspective
• Alarms on test failures
• Continuous, wide
regional coverage
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Industry Recognition of JDSU in LTE
Infonetics Research, Mobile and LTE Continuous Research Service,
Interface, Timing and Interoperability Are Key LTE Testing Issues, July 15, 2010
“Nonetheless, leading testing vendors such as… JDSU…are up to the challenge and are already
racing to stay on top of potential interoperability and pending interworking issues. They all know
that collecting data and developing sophisticated end-user models will be essential for LTE to be a
success story.”
Agilent Technologies, LTE and the Evolution to 4G Wireless: Design and
Measurement Challenges, June 2009
Four JSDU engineers contributed chapters to this book that has been
described as “Very impressive and much much more readable than the
standard documents!”*
*Quote from Martin Sauter at
http://mobilesociety.typepad.com/mobile_life/2009/05/book-review-lte-and-the-
evolution-to-4g-wireless.html
MultiService Forum, LTE Interoperability Event, March 15 – 26, 2010
“We were encouraged not only by the results of the interoperability
trials, but by the fact that a neutral test vendor could deliver such clear,
accurate and comprehensive results across all relevant standards”.
- David Hutton, VP, MSF
Informa Telecoms & Media, LTE World Summit,
Amsterdam, May 18, 2010
JDSU solution of Drive Test for LTE and Signaling
Analyzer Real Time (SART) recognized for LTE
test excellence.
© 2010 JDSU. All rights reserved. JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION5
Leverage from the Industry
Many industry organization has performed much
testing and (public) reporting already:
– LSTI
– MSF
– NGMN
Leverage this to enable rapid LTE Trials and
Deployments
© 2010 JDSU. All rights reserved. JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION6
MSF LTE IOT Event Scenarios
Basic Interoperability
– Attach/Detach /Tracking Area Updates
– IMS Session Registration/Establishment/Termination
– MME Pooling and Serving Gateway Selection
Roaming
– Home-Routed, Local Breakout (Home and Visited Network P-CSCF)
– Intra and Inter-Labs Connections
3GPP Legacy Access
– S4 and Gn/Gp SGSN Access and Interworking
Handover and Relocation
– Intra-LTE S1 and X2-based Handovers with MME and S-GW Relocations
– Inter-RATs with Legacy 3GPP Accesses
Non-3GPP (eHRPD) Access and Interworking
– eHRPD Access and Interworking
Robustness
– Serving and PDN Gateway over S5/S8 and S4/S11 interfaces
– Simulated Attacks to Locate Known and More Importantly Unknown Vulnerabilities
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LSTI Activities & Members
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LTE Data Rates (LSTI)
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Predicted End User Data Rates (LSTI)
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Control-Plane Latency: Idle to Active time (LSTI)
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SPEED!
LTE/SAE High level requirements Reduced cost per bit
More lower cost services with better user experience
Flexible use of new and existing frequency bands
Simplified lower cost network with open interfaces
Reduced terminal complexity and reasonable power consumption
Spectral Efficiency3-4x HSDPA (downlink)2-3x HSUPA (uplink)
LatencyIdle active < 100 msSmall packets < 5 ms
Downlink peak data rates
(64QAM)
Antenna
configSISO
2x2
MIMO
4x4
MIMO
Peak data
rate Mbps100 172.8 326.4
Uplink peak data rates
(Single antenna)
Modulation QPSK16
QAM
64
QAM
Peak data
rate Mbps50 57.6 86.4
MHz
1.4
3
5
10
15
20
Optimized: 0–15 kph
High Performance: 15-120 kph
Functional: 120–350 kph
Under consideration: 350+ kph
Mobility
Multiple Input Multiple Output
MIMO
Mobile MUST Support!!
LTE – What is it?
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Downlink peak data rates (64QAM)
Antenna config SISO 2x2 MIMO 4x4 MIMO
Peak data rate Mbps 100 172.8 326.4
Uplink peak data rates (Single antenna)
Modulation QPSK 16 QAM 64 QAM
Peak data rate Mbps 50 57.6 86.4
Challenges - Adaptive Modulation and Coding (AMC)
eNB
UE1
UE2
UE3
UE4
UE5
64 QAM
16 QAM
QPSK
When will Who have What coverage Where?
64 QAM requires 10dB Carrier to Interference ratio (C/I)
How do you achieve that much isolation without adding more sites?
© 2010 JDSU. All rights reserved. JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION13
Efficiency is limited by inter-cell interferenceThe geometry factor
Low SNR High SNR
The geometry factor is the ratio between the serving cell power and interfering cells + noise
At the boundary of any two cells the geometry factor will not exceed -3dB
At the boundary of any three cells the geometry factor will not exceed -4.8 dB
No one has yet invented a spatially aware electromagnetic wave that stops at the desired cell boundary!
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Geometry factor distribution in urban cells
Geometry factor in dB
Cum
ula
tive d
istr
ibution
0 %
100 % This plot shows the variation in geometry factor across a typical outdoor urban cell
Very high spectral efficiency is only seen when the geometry factor is above 15 dB, which is an environment that 90% of the user population will not experience
In-building penetration loss will degrade performance further
This puts a finite and very lowlimit on indoor performance when using outdoor transmission systems
90% of users 10% of users
-30 300-20 -10 10 20
Most new high data rate/MIMO performance targets require geometry
factors experienced by <10% of the user population
Page 14
LTE at the Movies
Moray Rumney and Per Kangru
18th May 2009
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W1314A NGR LTE Measurements Summary
• LTE Channel Analyzer:• P-SS RSSI, S-SS RSSI
• LTE Physical Layer Cell-ID
• LTE Reference Signal Analyzer:• Reference Signal RSRP, Reference Signal RSRQ
• Reference Signal CINR
– LTE Measurements run in all bands supported on the W1314A Receiver.
– Supports FDD + TDD Mode
– Supports 1.4 MHz, 3 MHz, 5 MHz, 10 MHz, 15 MHz, 20 MHz
– LTE Measurements run together with other technologies (UMTS, GSM, CDMA,
EVDO, WiMAX)
– Preparation for LTE - Spectrum Monitoring/Clearance prior to trial deployments
– R0 and R1 Measurements (MIMO Coverage Assessment)
450MHz to 3.8GHz frequency range (not contiguous)
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Receiver Measurements in E6474A
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Blue are R0 signals, Yellow are R1 signals.
Receiver measures reference signals from each transmission port.
– RSRP
– RSRQ
– RS-CINR
Transmit Diversity Measurement with W1314A RX
Reference Signal Mapping for Antenna Diversity
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E6474A-X Interference Spectrum Event
Scans the entire Spectrum Trace for detecting and characterizing interferers • Triggers when crossing a user defined threshold
– For user-defined period of seconds
– “Do not repeat” option to avoid continuous triggering
• Reports on the triggering peak
– Center frequency
– Power
– 3dB BW around peak
• Displays in the Map, Spectrograph and other Views
© 2010 JDSU. All rights reserved. JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION19
EPC Fundamentals – QoS Model
Today’s 3G Services use best effort QoS Classes parameters for all PS services
• An LTE user can have up to 24 bearers, each with its own QoS Class
• In the EPC, the QoS parameters are a function of guaranteed & non-guaranteed bit rates defined by 9 QCI labels.
How does QoS over backhaul match QoS over RAN?
• The radio access promises to flexibly shape capacity… what will this do to the backhaul?
QoS Class
Identifier
L2 Packet
Delay
Budget
L2
Packet
Loss
Rate
Example Services
QCI=1 (GBR) 100 ms 10-2 Conversational Voice
QCI=2 (GBR) 150 ms 10-3 Conversational Video (Live Streaming)
QCI=3 (GBR) 50 ms 10-3 Real Time Gaming
QCI=4 (GBR) 300 ms 10-6 Non-Conversational Video (Buffered Streaming)
QCI=5 (non-GBR) 100 ms 10-6 IMS Signalling
QCI=6 (non-GBR) 300 ms 10-6 Video (Buffered Streaming)
TCP-based (e.g., www, e-mail, chat, ftp, p2p, video, etc.)
QCI=7 (non-GBR) 100 ms 10-3 Voice, Video (Live Streaming) Interactive Gaming
QCI=8 (non-GBR) 300 ms 10-6Video (Buffered Streaming)
TCP-based (e.g., www, e-mail, chat, ftp, etc.)QCI=9 (non-GBR) 300 ms 10-6
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PDN -GWSGWeNBUE
EPC Fundamentals – QoS Model
RB-ID S1-TEID
UL-TFT RB-ID
S1-TEID S5/S8-TEID
S5/S8-TEI DL-TFT
UL Service Data Flows DL Service Data Flows
Application / Service Layer
GBR – Service BlockingReal Time
Non GBR – Service Dropping Non Real-Time
TFT = Traffic Flow Template
Radio Bearer S1 Bearer S5 Bearer
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• 2x2 MIMO
• HARQ; Round Robin
• Best effort user: fixed SNR (23 dB aprox), UDP transfer
• GBR user: GBR = 10 Mbps, variable SNR, HD video streamingWith decreasing SNR, GBR user maintains desired rate by taking
resources from best effort user, until SNR too low to support GBR.
eNB Scheduler and QoS – An LSTI Illustration
© 2010 JDSU. All rights reserved. JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION22
JDSU LTE with Video Streaming Testing
© 2010 JDSU. All rights reserved. JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION23
Challenges – Managing Voice Quality
Voice is still the most used application
• Primary revenue generator in communication networks
• Voice Quality is a major factor determining customer satisfaction and operator selection
It is important to know where and why the voice quality may be degraded.
Packet Loss
Voice Quality deteriorates with high
loss rates
Good
0 - 0.5 %
Acceptable
0.5 - 1.5 %
Poor
> 1.5 %
Jitter
A variation in packet transit delay due to network conditions
Good
0 - 20 ms
Acceptable
20 - 50 ms
Poor
> 50 ms
Delay
The one-way delay objective for VoIP
connectivity is 100 ms
Good
0 - 150 ms
Acceptable
150 - 400 ms
Poor
> 400 ms
R-Factor MOS
(ITU-T G.107): A value derived from delay,
jitter, and packet loss.
Good
80-90
Acceptable
65-80
Poor
< 65
© 2010 JDSU. All rights reserved. JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION24
Challenges – How will Voice be Delivered??
Two Leading Proposals for CS Services Delivery over EPS Access in R8
• CS Fallback
• Voice over LTE Generic Access (VoLGA)
CS Fallback
• Currently selected by 3GPP as a Part of Release 8
• Connected to E-UTRAN uses GERAN or UTRAN to Establish CS & SMS Services
• Co-Exist with IMS-based Services in Same Operator’s Network
• CS Service over IMS takes precedence over CS Fallback
VoLGA – Voice over LTE via Generic Access
• Connected and Uses EPS to Establish One or More CS Services, via Legacy CN Infrastructure
• Does Not Require E-UTRAN Coverage Overlap with GERAN or UTRAN Coverage
• Co-Exist with IMS-based Services and CS Fallback in Same Operator’s Network
• Simultaneous Use of VoLGA & IMS Services Possible, while Not So with CS Fallback
LTE One Voice – The Future of Voice for LTE ?
• Selected for LTE Release 9
• IMS Based Implementation
© 2010 JDSU. All rights reserved. JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION25
JDSU LTE with VOIP Testing
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UTRAN PS Domain
LTE UTRAN
E2E LTE QoS/QoE Monitoring (VoIP, IPTV, Data)
UMTS Core PS Doain
GPRS Core
SGSN GGSN
Radio Network Subsystem
Iub
UuRNC Iu-PS
NodeB
S1-U
MMEeNB
eNB
Xu
MME
S1-MME
PDN
Gateway
X2
S5
SGi
HSS
S6
S3 S4
PCR
F
S7
PDN
Rx+
SAE-GWS10
S11
MRF CSCF AS
IMS
S1-MME
Gn
Agilent J6900A Triple
Play Analyzer
Passive monitoring
Gi
Agilent E6474A NiXt
Mobile drive test
Active test
© 2010 JDSU. All rights reserved. JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION27
Challenges: Diversity of Transport Options
IP
Ethernet
PHY
L2
L3
copperfibre micro-wave
mc-ml ppp
PDHSDH/SONET DSL
P2PPON
ATM
(IMA)
P2PP2MP
WiMAX
DWDM
MPLS
MEDIA
CWDMTECHNIQUE
Details of protocols used for
encapsulation are not shown
in this diagram
© 2010 JDSU. All rights reserved. JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION28
Full 7 – Layer
Analysis:
• Decodes
• Protocol statistics
• Node Discovery and Stats
• Connection statistics by
protocol and user
• Network Vitals
• Protocol Vitals
• TCP Connection Analyzer
• Expert Analysis and
Commentators
• Active tests – Ping, ARP,
Playback capture buffer
Supports over 500 protocols
RTP/RTCP analysis with Telephony Network Analyzer
Report center – Log measurements/stats and automatically
create reports
Stream traffic to Disk at up to 5 Gbps
The Network Analyzer Application Solution
© 2010 JDSU. All rights reserved. JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION29
Multi-Vendor Interoperability is Crucial!!
eNB
Vendor A
S1 S1
X2
EPC
Vendor B
eNB
Vendor A
Uu
IOT S1
Validate eNodeB
from one vendor
and EPC from
different vendor
S1 S1
X2
EPC
eNB
Vendor AeNB
Vendor B
Uu
IOT X2
Validate eNodeB
from different
vendors
© 2010 JDSU. All rights reserved. JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION30
Whole Network Visibility with End2End Call Trace
MSF LTE IOT Event Test Summary: Scenario 1a
– Attach Procedure: E2E Multi-Interface Call Trace
30
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Performance Benchmarking and Validation SART KPIs Viewer
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Evolved 3GPP Network Architecture
Evolved Packet Core (EPC)
Serving NetworkGSM/GPRS/EDGE Radio Access Network (GERAN)
UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN)
Core & Services Network
CS Core (Voice)
SGSN
MGWMSC
VLR HLRSMS
PCRF
NodeB
RNC
BTS
BSC
PCU
Evolved UTRAN (E-UTRAN)
UE
MS
Uu
Abis
Iub
RNC
Iur
UEX2
Uu eNB
eNB
PS Core (Data)
GSM-A
CS
PS
GPRS-Gb
PS
CS
Iu-CS
Iu-PS
S11
SAE-GW
MME
S5
S4S3
S1-UEvolved Node B
Radio Network Subsystem
Base Station Subsystem
S6a
Gx
SGW
SS7/SIGTRAN
RX
SGi
WCDMA HSPA/HSPA+
GSMEDGEEvolved EDGE
Um
S1-C
S12
GnInternet
Operator’s IP Services
(E.g. IMS, PSS…)
P-GW
GGSN
Supported Interfaces
HSS CSCF MRF
© 2010 JDSU. All rights reserved. JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION33
Challenges – Different Interfaces = Different Info
Serving Gateway
Mobility Anchoring
MME
NAS Security
Idle State Mobility Handling
SAE Bearer Control
eNB
Inter Cell RRM
RB Control
Connection Mobility Control
Radio Admission Control
eNB Measurement
Configuration & Provisioning
Dynamic Resource
Allocation (Scheduler)
RRC
PDCP
RLC
MAC
PHY S1
PDN Gateway
UE IP Address allocation
Packet Filtering
How do you do RF Performance Engineering & Optimization, when all these functions are
closed within the eNB?
E-UTRAN Evolved Packet CoreInternet
© 2010 JDSU. All rights reserved. JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION34
The Air Interface Problem
– How do you see both sides of the eNodeB?• UE and core messaging is very difficult and time-consuming to
analyze manually. This is automated in the JDSU solution.
– How do you identify Control Plane vs. User Plane issues?• Correlated messaging can show messaging delays that can
affect setup, teardown, call progress, and handover – all service affecting.
– How do you see performance affecting conditions ? RAN vs. Network?
• Correlation of Radio Layer with Core metrics and Events can easily show differentials in reported service level quality across radio and core network interfaces. e.g. Throughput, UE BLER
© 2010 JDSU. All rights reserved. JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION35
JDSU Methodology for LTE Testing
EPCE-UTRAN eNodeBMME
SGW
PDN
GW
IMS
CSCF
HSS
AS
MGCF
eNodeB
TraceReceiver
KPI’s
Device
KPI’s
& Trace
• Faster and more comprehensive troubleshooting
– Detailed end-to-end picture of the true network issues/performance
– Optimize both the uplink and downlink
– Isolate node Bs with RF problems
• Optimize high speed services
– Detect messages lost over the air interface
– Determine the overall RF performance
Signaling
KPI’s
& Trace
JDSU
Drive TestImpossible to optimize LTE, HSDPA & HSUPA without visibility to both radio & network links
Signaling
KPI’s
& Trace
Signaling
KPI’s
& Trace
JDSU
Signaling Analyzer
© 2010 JDSU. All rights reserved. JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION36
Mobile Phone Trace Data
• L1, MAC, RLC, RRC
•MIMO Performance
Signaling Analyzer
E2E Call Trace, KPIs,
TCP/IP Performance
JDSU NiXt Drive Test Integration
RF Receiver Measurements
• RSRP, RSRQ, RS CINR
•Spectrum, CW/channel power
Application Test
• HTTP, FTP, VoIP & Video
streaming MOS
S1-U
MMEeNB
eNB MME
S1-MME
PDN
Gateway
X2
S5
SGi
SAE-GWS10
S11
S1-MME
HSS
S6
PCRF
MRF CSC
F
AS
IMS
Triple Play Analyzer
VoIP MOS, Video MOS,
QoE Analysis
© 2010 JDSU. All rights reserved. JDSU CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY INFORMATION37
Drivetest integration: Combined Uu & S1 log
S1 network interface trace
correalted to Uu RRC
message from drive test log
S1 network interface trace
correalted to Uu RRC
message from drive test log
S1 network interface trace
correalted to Uu RRC
message from drive test log
S1 network interface trace
correalted to Uu RRC
message from drive test log
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Drivetest integration: 2 LTE UE’s downloading in //
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Drive Test Uu Data as seen in JDSU SART
During Handover EPCE-UTRAN eNodeB
MME
SGW
PDN
GW
IMS
CSCF
HSS
AS
MGCF
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Thank You!Questions?