Bernard Dumas / Screening and identification of new natural compounds for plant protection against...
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Transcript of Bernard Dumas / Screening and identification of new natural compounds for plant protection against...
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Screening and identification of new natural compounds for plant protection against biotic stresses
Dr Bernard DUMAS
Research Director CNRS
Plant-Microbe Interactions team
UMR 5546 CNRS-Université Paul Sabatier
Toulouse III , France
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Plant diseases: strong economical and environmental impacts
Fungal diseases: major cause of yield losses (>30%)
Massive use of fongicides
Toxic compounds targeted to pathogens Environmental and health concerns Development of resistant strains
Biological control as an alternative strategy to control plant diseases
Biological control: The use of living organisms, or products derived from living organisms, for pest control
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Plant diseases: strong economical and environmental impacts
World market of pesticides (fungicides, insecticides, herbicides) : 44 billions $
Strong increase of the biopesticide market
Source: IUPP
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Commercial products against fungal diseases
Microorganisms (~15) (antagonisms)
Rhizobacteria : Bacillus sp., Pseudomonas fluorescens…
Fungi: Trichoderma sp., Coniothyrium minitans, Ampelomyces quisqualis…..
Natural products (active compounds known): β-1,3-glucan (Iodus2)….
Inducers of plant defense (5)
Natural extracts (active compounds unkown): Giant knotweed (Milsana), Fenugrec seeds (Stifenia)…
In France, about 20 active compounds are registrated
Problem: Low and variable efficacy Solution: Identification of new active compounds, improvement of the formulation
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Phase I : Molecular characterization of active compounds
Identification, mode of action, first toxicity evaluation…
Phase II : Product development
Industrial production, formulation, field tests….
Phase III : Regulatory process
Toxicity studies, environmental impact…
Phase IV : Commercial development
From the identification of active compounds to the development of commercial products
Development costs: Chemical: ~250 million $ Biological product: ?
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Neoprotec (2010 – 2014): a collaborative project to develop new biological products
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Identification of active compounds from natural extracts
Development of high-throughput screening tests on model plants (Arabidopsis, tobacco….)
Mode of action: high-troughput gene expression assays using a « plant immunity chip » (96 biomarkers) to monitor immune responses
Samples (treated plants)
Primers (Biomarkers) 9216 Q-PCR
(4h)
BioMark™ HD System (Fluidigm)
Compounds active on plant immune responses
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Take-home messages
Strong need of environmentally-friendly strategies to control plant diseases
Biocontrol products (living microorganisms, natural extracts) can offer alternative solutions
Development of high-throughput screening tests to identify compounds able to stimulate natural plant immune responses
Identification of new formulations to improve the stability and efficacy of active compounds in the field
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Acknowledgements
Sophie Vergnes
The Plant-Microbe Interactions team, LRSV
Industrial partners