Benthos & Nekton - Wikispaces · PDF fileProf. Dr. Hanan M. Mitwally Marine Biology ١...
Transcript of Benthos & Nekton - Wikispaces · PDF fileProf. Dr. Hanan M. Mitwally Marine Biology ١...
Prof. Dr. Hanan M. Mitwally Marine Biology
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Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology
Benthos Benthos & Nekton& Nekton
Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology
ObjectivesObjectives• Definition.
• Some forms of phyto-benthos.
• Relationship between size of organisms and abundance.
• Marine Animals.
• Marine invertebrates.
• Coral reefs
• Marine vertebrates.
• Fish
• Mammals.
Kelp forest
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Prof. Dr. Hanan M. Mitwally Marine Biology
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Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology
BenthosBenthos
Around
•All organisms living on or in or around substrate.
Around
In
On•Definition
Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology
plankton
Nekton
Benthos
pelagic
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Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology
Biozone
Pelagic Benthic
Neritic Oceanic Littoral
Supralittoral Subtidal
Intertidal
Highzone
Low zone
Mid zone
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Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology
• Benthos
Benthic Flora Benthic Fauna
SeagrassGreen Algae
Kelp Bed
Red Algae Brown Algae
Megafauna
Macrofauna Meiofauna
Microfauna
Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology
Kelp bed
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Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology
Aquatic VegetationsAquatic Vegetations
Kelp bed
Marsh grass
Seagrass BedMontaza Bay,Alexandria,
By Prof., HeshamMostafa
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Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology
Phylum Phaeophyta or Brown Algae
Phylum Rhodophytaor Red Algae
Seaweeds are large marine multicellular algae. These non-vascular plants are grouped as green, red and brown algae.
Phylum Chlorophyta or Green Algae
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Prof. Dr. Hanan M. Mitwally Marine Biology
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Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology
Marine invertebratesl Phylum Porifera (Sponges)
l Phylum Cnidaria(Corals, Jellyfish)
l Phylum Mollusca (Clams, Snails, Octopi)
l Phylum Arthropoda(Crabs, Shrimp, Lobsters, Copepods)
l Phylum Echinodermata(Sea Stars, Brittle Stars)
l Marine worms (Polychaeta, Nematode)
Marine vertebrates
Marine Animals
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the more , The smaller they are
.abundant they tend to be
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Phylum Cnidaria (Corals, Jellyfish
Phylum Porifera (Sponges)
The contribution Of sponges to total benthic productivity is
usually minor
Phylum Cnidaria Fossil coral
Coral reefs support rich ecosystems
Jellyfish
Jonathan Bird
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Snails
Octopus
Bivalve
Phylum Arthropoda (Crabs, Shrimp, Lobsters, Copepods)
Phylum Mollusca (Clams, Snails, Octopi)
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Marine worms (Polychaeta, Nematodes)
Polychaeta
Oligochaete worms
Leeches
Nematodes
Turbellarian flatworms
Serpulid worm
Phylum Echinodermata (Sea Stars, Brittle Stars)
Sea urchins Sea urchins
Sunflower starfish
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Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology
Coral ReefsCoral Reefs
• Coral reefs are aragonite structures produced by living organisms, found in marine waters with little to no nutrients in the water. High nutrient levels such as those found in runoff from agricultural areas can harm the reef by encouraging the growth of Algae.
http://www.coralreef.noaa.gov/
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The stony corals which have formed a symbiotic partnership with tiny algae Zooxanthellae.
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Coral Bleaching
• Marine Vertebrates
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Marine Vertebrates
Marine Vertebrates
Tunicates Birds
Lancelets Reptiles
Fish Amphibians
Mammals
MMaarriinnee VVeerrtteebbrraatteess
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Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology
•• NektonNekton• They are active swimming aquatic organisms in active swimming aquatic organisms in
a body of water (usually oceans or lakes) able a body of water (usually oceans or lakes) able
to move independently of water currents.to move independently of water currents.
•• Nekton are contrasted with planktonNekton are contrasted with plankton
CephalochordateLancelet
(Brainless fish)
TTuunniiccaatteess : :sseeaa ssqquuiirrttss
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Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology
Fish
Jawless Fish
Cartilaginous
FishBony Fish
The jawless fish, lamprey and
hagfish are the most primitive
vertebrates
Lamprey
Hagfish
Suction mouth of lamprey
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Cartilaginous
fish
Clearnose skate
Pacific electric ray
Manta ray
White
Hammerhead
Cartilaginous
fish
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Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology
Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology
Giant Grouper, the world's biggest bony fish
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Egyptian Commercial Bony Fish • Family Sparidae
Diplodus sp
Sparus sp Pagrus sp
Boops sp
لمجا لم
ني ل
غي لش
MMaarriinnee MMaammmmaallss==BB
Otters Polar bear
Dolphin
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Sea lions walrus
Seals Manatees
Dugongs, or sea cows as they are sometimes called, are marine animals which can grow to about three metres in length and weigh as much as 400 kilograms. They are the only marine mammals in Australia that live mainly on plants. The name sea cow refers to the fact that they graze on the seagrasses, which form meadows in sheltered coastal waters. As dugongs feed, whole plants are uprooted and a telltale-feeding trail is left. Dugongs are more closely related to elephants than to marine mammals such as whales and dolphins, but manatees are their closest living
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