Benjamin Pauli Simulated Effect of Timber Purdue ... · Simulated Effect of Timber Harvest on...
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Simulated Effect of Timber
Harvest on Habitat Suitability
of Indiana and Northern Long-
eared Bats
Benjamin Pauli
Purdue University
Department of Forestry & Natural Resources
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BAT CONSERVATION
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Critical period
Bats serve important
ecological role
Historical threats to
bats
Emergence of White
Nose Syndrome (WNS)
Need for multifaceted
approach to
conservation
Photo by Marvin Moriarty, USFWS
Photo by Ann Froschauer, USFWS
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Indiana State Forests
>150,000 acres
Ecological forestry
Forest management (oak regeneration)
Timber harvest sales
Wildlife conservation
Are current practices optimal?
BALANCING USE OF PUBLIC LANDS
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Photo © Indiana Department of Natural Resources
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INDIANA BAT
Federally endangered
Historic threats
Hibernacula disturbance
Habitat loss and fragmentation
Under threat of WNS
(Myotis sodalis) [MYSO]
Photo: U.S. Fish & Wildlife Endangered Species website
Adam Mann, Environmental Solutions and Innovations
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Northern long-eared (Myotis septentrionalis ) [MYSE]
Historically common
Under severe threat of WNS
Likely to be federally listed species
First species to become endangered from WNS
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NORTHERN LONG-EARED BAT
Credit: painting by Wendy Smith from Kays and Wilson's Mammals of North America, ©
Princeton University Press (2002)
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Day
(Roosting)
Day
(Roosting)
Photo by Joey Weber Indiana State University
Night
(Foraging)
Photo © T. TravisBrown
Night
(Foraging)
SUMMER HABITAT REQUIREMENTS
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Historic declines
attributed to loss
of summer habitat
Summer forest
associated
Different
requirements
Affected by forest
management
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LANDSCAPE-LEVEL MANAGEMENT
Photo: U.S. Forest Service Region 9 website
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APPROACH
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Nocturnal
(foraging)
habitat
Diurnal
(roosting)
habitat
Overall
summer
habitat
Future
habitat
availability
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STUDY AREAS
I N D I A N AI L L I N O I S
O H I O
K E N T U C K Y
M I C H I G A N
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NOCTURNAL OCCUPANCY MAPPING
final_rast
LAND_COVER
Barren Land
Conifers/softwoods
Cultivated Crops
Developed, High Intensity
Developed, Low Intensity
Developed, Medium Intensity
Developed, Open Space
Grassland/Herbaceous
Hay/Pastuer
Herbaceous Wetland
Maple/beech/birch
Mixed Hardwood/pine
Mixed Oak
Oak/hickory
Open Water
Other Hardwood
Shrub/Scrub
Woody Wetlands
forcov_comb
ValueHigh : 0.999998
Low : 0
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COMBINING OCCUPANCY MAPS
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Nocturnal Diurnal Combined
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Identify critical/high
quality areas
Protect valuable areas
Institute management
that produces quality
habitat
Provide balance
between conservation
and resource use
Timber management
HOW TO INFORM MANAGEMENT?
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UC Santa Barbara Department of Geography
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Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, i-cubed, USDA, USGS, AEX, Getmapping,Aerogrid, IGN, IGP, swisstopo, and the GIS User Community
Currently heavily selective harvests
Exploring other approaches (regenerative cuts, more intense, etc.)
9 harvest scenarios 1: No harvest
2: Historical harvests
3: Current harvests
4: Strongly selective
5: Moderately selective
6: Moderately regenerative
7: Strongly regenerative
8: Intensive harvest
9: Maximum harvest
TIMBER HARVESTING
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Forest successional modeling Simulate tree competition
Growth
Shading
Seed dispersal
Mortality
Timber harvest Single tree selection
Patch cuts
Shelterwood
Clearcuts
Apply bat habitat models to output
LANDIS-II SIMULATIONS
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Brian Miranda, USFS
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COMPARING SCENARIOS
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891 simulations
Each state forest
property
9 scenarios
3 initial conditions
3 replicates (harvest
order randomized)
Compared suitable
habitat under
scenarios
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NOCTURNAL HABITAT
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No harvesting Increasing regenerative harvests Intense harvests Historical and current harvests
Indiana bat Northern long-eared bat
• 1: No harvest
• 2: Historical harvests
• 3: Current harvests
• 4: Strongly selective
• 5: Moderately selective
• 6: Moderately regenerative
• 7: Strongly regenerative
• 8: Intensive harvest
• 9: Maximum harvest
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DIURNAL HABITAT
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No harvesting Increasing regenerative harvests Intense harvests Historical and current harvests
Indiana bat Northern long-eared bat
• 1: No harvest
• 2: Historical harvests
• 3: Current harvests
• 4: Strongly selective
• 5: Moderately selective
• 6: Moderately regenerative
• 7: Strongly regenerative
• 8: Intensive harvest
• 9: Maximum harvest
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OVERALL HABITAT
18 Indiana bat Northern long-eared bat
• 1: No harvest
• 2: Historical harvests
• 3: Current harvests
• 4: Strongly selective
• 5: Moderately selective
• 6: Moderately regenerative
• 7: Strongly regenerative
• 8: Intensive harvest
• 9: Maximum harvest
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Timber harvest
Extreme scenarios had opposing effects on MYSO and MYSE
Regeneration openings improved nocturnal habitat
Selective harvests favored roosting habitat
Both species able to withstand forest management (MYSO more sensitive)
Potential win-win scenarios
Approach
Separated habitat needs temporally via sampling method
Combined for overall habitat suitability
Identified hotspots
Projected future forests
Predicted suitability from management
Informed timber management in Indiana
Multispecies conservation with complex habitat needs
CONCLUSIONS
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Directly inform conservation of important habitat
Will aid in approaches to timber harvest
Incorporate into HCP
Integrate with other needs of state forests
Coupling of harvests to create optimal habitat
OUTLOOK
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Photo by Andrew King, USFWS
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Pat Zollner, Gang Shao;
Purdue University
Scott Haulton, Kaylee
DeCosta; Indiana Department
of Natural Resources, Division
of Forestry
Tim Carter, Holly Badin; Ball
State University
Andy King; US Fish & Wildlife
Service
Joy Marburger; Indiana Dunes
National Lakeshore
Matthew Hohmann, US Army
Corps of Engineers
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
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