Field guide - to pests, beneficials, diseases and disorders of mangoes
Beneficials class 5
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Transcript of Beneficials class 5
Beneficial InsectsBeneficial Insects
Commonly Commonly Found in the Found in the Garden and Garden and LandscapeLandscape
If you build it……If you build it……
. . . . They will come!!!
Attracting BeneficialsAttracting Beneficials
Complex vegetation Complex vegetation structurestructure can provide can provide more niches for natural more niches for natural enemies.enemies.
Light, shelter, and other Light, shelter, and other abiotic factorsabiotic factors also play also play a role.a role.
Flowers!Flowers!
Complex Vegetation Complex Vegetation StructureStructure
Canopy Trees Understory
Trees
Groundcover
Turf
Shrub
Euonymus scale
• Euonymus plants surrounded by flowering plants had less scale compared to those surrounded by bark mulch (Hanks and Sadof 2001).
Flowers help attract beneficial insects
Flowers that Attract Flowers that Attract Beneficial InsectsBeneficial Insects
Small flowersSmall flowers– Dill, Fennel, BasilDill, Fennel, Basil
– Yarrow, SedumYarrow, Sedum
– Goldenrod, Joe Pye WeedGoldenrod, Joe Pye Weed
Daisy flowersDaisy flowers– Purple Coneflower, CosmosPurple Coneflower, Cosmos
OthersOthers– Salvias, Mints, Asclepias, Salvias, Mints, Asclepias,
Zinnia Zinnia
Limit Pesticide Use!Limit Pesticide Use!
Pesticides kill beneficials Pesticides kill beneficials too!too!
Pests return quicker Pests return quicker than beneficialsthan beneficials
Insecticidal Soap, Insecticidal Soap, Horticultural Oil, and B.t. Horticultural Oil, and B.t. are less toxic to natural are less toxic to natural enemiesenemies
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Euonymus Cherry Pine
Less than 4 years
Greater than 4 years
No
. of
pla
nts
infe
sted
w
ith
sca
le in
sect
sLandscapes under cover sprays for longer periods of time have higher levels of scale insect infestation.
Assassin Bugs
Assassin bugs prey on aphids, caterpillars, beetles, leafhoppers,and other insects. They
do not like to be handled.
Big-eyed Bugs
These small insects with big eyes attackspider mites, thrips, aphids and other
insect eggs.
Damsel Bugs
Damsel bugs resemble assassin bugs.They feed on aphids, leafhoppers,
mites and caterpillars.
Green Lacewings
Green or brown, the lacewing, or aphid lion,is known to eat as many as 600 aphids.
larva adult
eggs
Ground Beetles
These beetles arelarge, dark, and sometimes metallic.They feed along the ground on soft-bodiedinsects, especially at night. They are usuallyfast moving.
Lady Beetles
Lady beetle adults and larvaeattack aphids, mites, insect
eggs and small insects.
adult
larva
Tiny Parasitic Wasps
Micro- and mini-wasps can sting and lay eggs in caterpillars, aphids or insect eggs. The larvae
consume their prey from within.
Braconid wasp cocoons
Tachinid Flies
Heavily bristled tachinid flies lay eggs on
caterpillars, beetle larvae, and bugs.
Parasitized monarch caterpillar and chrysalis
Predaceous Stink Bugs
Many stink bugs are pests, but predaceous
stink bugs feed on beetles and caterpillars
both as adults and colorful nymphs.
Predatory Mites
Predatory mites move rapidly to catchand feed on their plant-eating counterparts.
They are often white, tan, or orange.
Soldier Beetles
Adults resemble firefliesand are attracted to
milkweed,hydrangea, and goldenrod.
They eat aphids, caterpillars,mites, grasshopper eggs, and
small beetles.
Syrphid Flies
adult
larva
The harmless adults resemble bees, but the small larvae consume many aphids.
Minute Pirate Bug
These bugs attack thrips, spider mites,aphids and small insects.
larva
Wasps, Hornets, & Spiders
Though often considered pests, these insects feed heavily on caterpillars, flies and other
soft-bodied insects.
Praying Mantids
Mantids have a goodreputation, but eat
relatively few insectsin the garden.
Carolina Mantid Egg Case
Chinese Mantid Egg Case
Chinese Praying MantisChinese Praying Mantis
Up to 5” long
Carolina MantidCarolina Mantid
Female
Male
Juvenile2” long when mature
Are Mantids Beneficial?Are Mantids Beneficial?
Green AnolesGreen Anoles
Native lizard – voracious insect eatersNative lizard – voracious insect eaters
Bug Eating Plants!Bug Eating Plants!
Pitcher Plants – Pitcher Plants – SarraceniaSarracenia speciesspecies
Venus Fly Trap – Venus Fly Trap – Dionaea Dionaea muscipulamuscipula
Grow in very poor, wet soilsGrow in very poor, wet soils
Get nitrogen from digesting Get nitrogen from digesting bugs!bugs!
Not a practical form of Not a practical form of insect control!insect control!
Next Week:Next Week:
Tues, Sept. 1, 9:30Tues, Sept. 1, 9:30– Extension Center, BurgawExtension Center, Burgaw– Plant Diseases and Diagnosing Plant ProblemsPlant Diseases and Diagnosing Plant Problems, ,
chapters 7 & 19chapters 7 & 19
Thurs, Sept. 3, 1:30 Thurs, Sept. 3, 1:30 – Poplar Grove PlantationPoplar Grove Plantation– Integrated Pest Management and Pesticide SafetyIntegrated Pest Management and Pesticide Safety, ,
chapter 9chapter 9