Bellwork Write Questions• 1.What do you think makes a good

speech? List three qualities.• 2. What do you think are your

strong and weak points as a presenter? (2 each=total 4)

Public Speaking 101

Importance of Public Speaking• 1.) Promotes critical thinking–Make an informed judgment based on evidence

• 2.) Advances career goals• 3.) Enables civic discourse–Conversation intended to enhance

understanding• 4.) Provides a sense of empowerment–Feeling of the ability to attain goals

History of Public Speaking• Aristotle: Father of rhetoric–Purpose: to attain a goal using persuasive

tactics• According to Aristotle–Evidence in persuasive messages is most

effective in the source’s • Ethos: Ethics (Credibility)•Pathos: Emotions• Logos: Logic

Public Speaking•Public speaking is the art, process, or act of effectively addressing the public to inform, persuade or entertain

Types of Speeches• 1.) Informative Speech-speech to educate

an audience about a topic• 2.) Persuasive Speech-speech that

attempts to sway the attitudes, beliefs or values of an audience• 3.) Entertaining speech-speech making

fun of people, institutions or events to solicit humorous feedback

Sample Outline• I. Introduction–Thesis–Should be memorable

• II. Body–support arguments

• III. Conclusion–review

Types of Communication• Verbal Communication–The practice of all varieties of speech and

writing• Non-verbal communication–Facial expressions, body movements, gestures

and appearance that take place during the transmission and reception of messages•Most communication, or as much as 65% of

communication is non-verbal

Summary/Reflection•Write a 2-3 sentence summary

(facts) and reflection (thoughts/feelings/learned) of the notes.

Bellwork: Write Questions • 1.) What is the primary

purpose of an informative speech?• 2.) Define ethos, pathos, logos?• 3.) What are the two types of

communication?

A Good Speech

• clear, well reasoned, articulate, thoughtful, compelling, witty, touching, convincing, believable…

Fear of Public Speaking•Communication

Apprehension-the fear of speaking to others–Communication anxiety is universal (common)

Fear of Public Speaking Manifested

• Physical Symptom: dry throat, nausea, sweating, changing colors, shaking hands and/or legs, cold hand• Psychological Symptoms: avoid eye

contact with audience, forgetting the speech, gazing at the floor, ceiling

Strategies to Reduce Fear• Know your audience• Prepare – research, outline

• Know your speech–practice

• Have Presence –Body language, positive attitude

• Don’t Apologize for your apprehension• Concentrate on the message (not your fear)

Things You Shouldn’t Do• Read directly from notes• Read directly from screen• Turn back on audience• Slouch, hands in pockets• No um, ah, you know’s• No nervous gestures• Talk too fast, • Talk too quietly

Things You Should Do

• Eye contact•Can glance at notes•Appropriate gestures•Rhetorical questions to

involve audience

Public Speaking and Conversation• Conversation: oral communication with family,

friends, co-workers• Similarities between public speaking and

conversation–Are planned•Conversation: carefully choose your

words•Public speaking: more planning than

conversation (topic, research, delivery)

Differences• Most conversations are spur-of-the-

moment• Conversations use informal language

(slang); public speaking is more formal and structured• Proximity: physical closeness may be

absent during public speaking• Back and forth exchange of messages in

conversation is missing in public speaking

Multi-Cultural Environment• Ethnocentrism: belief in the superiority of

one’s group or culture over all other groups or cultures–Problems of Ethnocentrism•Failure to take into account difference between self and audience•Failure to take steps to become more sensitive to cultural, ethnic and racial differences of your listener

Tips to Avoid Ethnocentrism• Use support material appropriate

to a variety of listeners–Ex: Visual Aide•Help overcome cultural and language barriers

• Pay attention to audience feedback