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For what reasons do For what reasons do you believe that the you believe that the French and Indian French and Indian War, between the War, between the

French and English, French and English, began?began?

IndicatorsIndicators

1.1. What were the reasons for colonizing North What were the reasons for colonizing North America?America?

2.2. What were the key differences between Spanish, What were the key differences between Spanish, French, and British colonization?French, and British colonization?

3.3. What were the interactions between American What were the interactions between American Indians and European settlers? Indians and European settlers?

4.4. What political traditions developed in the colonies?What political traditions developed in the colonies?

5.5. What conflicts occurred between colonial powers What conflicts occurred between colonial powers for control of North America?for control of North America?

6.6. How did mercantilism and the establishment of How did mercantilism and the establishment of colonies lead to increased trading during the 17colonies lead to increased trading during the 17thth and 18and 18thth centuries? centuries?

Today:Today: BellworkBellwork Review Magna Carta & English Bill of RightsReview Magna Carta & English Bill of Rights 5.1 & 5.2 Quiz5.1 & 5.2 Quiz PowerpointPowerpoint Begin Classwork/Homework: 5.3 Term Sheet DUE! w/ French & Begin Classwork/Homework: 5.3 Term Sheet DUE! w/ French &

Indian War Packet Questions 1-11Indian War Packet Questions 1-11Tomorrow:Tomorrow:

5.3 Term Sheet DUE! w/ French & Indian War Packet Questions 1-115.3 Term Sheet DUE! w/ French & Indian War Packet Questions 1-11 Map, FortsMap, Forts Braddock’s DefeatBraddock’s Defeat Packet Questions 12-23Packet Questions 12-23

Monday:Monday: Packet Questions 24-33Packet Questions 24-33 Treaty of ParisTreaty of Paris Proclamation of 1763Proclamation of 1763 Reading Studyguide/ReviewReading Studyguide/Review ““Join or Die” & Albany Plan of Union Questions 1-8Join or Die” & Albany Plan of Union Questions 1-8

The FrenchThe French

QuebecQuebec: Capital of New France: Capital of New France MontrealMontreal: French settlement which : French settlement which

started as a fur trading post, became started as a fur trading post, became the center of the fur tradethe center of the fur trade *Most French came on a *Most French came on a temporary basistemporary basis

as trappers & traders, learned to live as trappers & traders, learned to live with the native-Americans, inter-marriedwith the native-Americans, inter-married

* Plan to establish a * Plan to establish a permanent colonypermanent colony of of farming families in the farming families in the St. Lawrence St. Lawrence River ValleyRiver Valley, grew to 15,000 by 1700, grew to 15,000 by 1700

French vs. Spanish & French vs. Spanish & EnglishEnglish

French North American Empire is French North American Empire is based on based on tradetrade

Did not set out to Did not set out to rule & conquerrule & conquer like the like the SpanishSpanish

Did not Did not transplant institutionstransplant institutions like like the English the English

French TradeFrench Trade

Ordinary Frenchmen couldn’t own land in Ordinary Frenchmen couldn’t own land in New France, only nobles who brought New France, only nobles who brought settlerssettlers

Riches lay in pelts & hides, not gold or Riches lay in pelts & hides, not gold or farming!farming! Fur TradeFur Trade: popular & depended on American : popular & depended on American

Indian helpIndian help Fur Trappers & Traders:Fur Trappers & Traders: learned to live as the learned to live as the

Indians didIndians did French MissionariesFrench Missionaries: Treated Native-Americans : Treated Native-Americans

with respectwith respect

The Ohio River ValleyThe Ohio River Valleyarea becomes disputed!area becomes disputed!

French, British, and Native AmericansFrench, British, and Native Americans French: French:

Missionaries & Fur TradersMissionaries & Fur TradersWant to continue profitable fur trade Want to continue profitable fur trade Have access to the St. Lawrence & Have access to the St. Lawrence & Mississippi Rivers Mississippi Rivers

Join their empire from Canada to Join their empire from Canada to LouisianaLouisiana

Build forts along the rivers to transport Build forts along the rivers to transport fursfurs

British:British: Pennsylvania fur traders & Virginia Land Pennsylvania fur traders & Virginia Land

Co. (land speculators/$$$)Co. (land speculators/$$$) Want to gain on the fur trade and get land Want to gain on the fur trade and get land

to sell for profit!to sell for profit! Native-Americans:Native-Americans:

Fur trade, trade for supplies they depend Fur trade, trade for supplies they depend on & landon & land

Want to keep trade partners & hold onto Want to keep trade partners & hold onto their land! their land!

Who should the Native-Who should the Native-Americans side with and Americans side with and

why?why? Choose between the lesser of two Choose between the lesser of two

evils!evils! AlliancesAlliances: the joining together of : the joining together of

interests, forminterests, form Based on trade patternsBased on trade patterns

Albany Plan of UnionAlbany Plan of Union Inspired by growing Inspired by growing

concern over protection concern over protection from the French & from the French & Native-AmericansNative-Americans

By Benjamin Franklin By Benjamin Franklin First formal attempt to First formal attempt to

unite the coloniesunite the colonies The French are united The French are united

under one governmentunder one government ““Join, or Die” cartoon Join, or Die” cartoon

published before published before delegates meet in Albanydelegates meet in Albany

Join, or DieJoin, or Die

OutcomeOutcome

Colonists are not ready for UnionColonists are not ready for Union Colonial assemblies want to keep Colonial assemblies want to keep

control of local affairscontrol of local affairsColonists: Colonists:

Not enoughNot enough power for the power for the colonists!colonists!

England: England: Too muchToo much power for the colonists! power for the colonists!

ImportanceImportance

Franklin anticipated many of the Franklin anticipated many of the problems that the government would problems that the government would face after independenceface after independence FinanceFinance Dealing with Indian tribesDealing with Indian tribes Control of commerceControl of commerce DefenseDefense

It contained the seeds of true union & It contained the seeds of true union & the ideas would be adopted 30 years the ideas would be adopted 30 years later!later!

BellworkBellwork

If you were a Native-If you were a Native-American, would you have American, would you have sided with the French or sided with the French or British in North America? British in North America? Why?Why?

George WashingtonGeorge Washington Sent to ask the French to leave Sent to ask the French to leave

“peaceable departure” from the “peaceable departure” from the Ohio River ValleyOhio River Valley

NO!NO! Force the French out! Control the Force the French out! Control the

are, control access to Ohio Valleyare, control access to Ohio Valley Washington retreats & sets up Washington retreats & sets up

Fort Necessity!Fort Necessity!

Fort Duquesne, Fort Duquesne, reinforced by reinforced by French troops, Brits leave, wait French troops, Brits leave, wait at Fort Necessity for at Fort Necessity for reinforcementsreinforcements

Forced to retreat by the French Forced to retreat by the French and their alliesand their allies

The French & Indian WarThe French & Indian War

French advance on French advance on Fort NecessityFort Necessity British gunpowder soaked, forced to retreat***British gunpowder soaked, forced to retreat***11stst

Battle of the WarBattle of the War!!! !!! 17541754 War becomes part of a larger world war known War becomes part of a larger world war known

as the Seven Years’ War as the Seven Years’ War Britain and France fought for Europe and in Britain and France fought for Europe and in

India and North AmericaIndia and North America

French AdvantagesFrench Advantages Controlled access to the interior Controlled access to the interior

St. Lawrence RiverSt. Lawrence River Mississippi RiverMississippi River

Single colonial government, can act Single colonial government, can act quickly (colonies 13 separate govts.)quickly (colonies 13 separate govts.)

Sent ships & professional soldiers rather Sent ships & professional soldiers rather than depend on military help from the than depend on military help from the colonistscolonists

Loyal Indian AlliesLoyal Indian Allies HuronHuron AlgonquinAlgonquin

British Strong PointsBritish Strong Points

Population much greater than New Population much greater than New FranceFrance

Along the Atlantic coast easier to Along the Atlantic coast easier to defenddefend

Fighting to save homes and landFighting to save homes and land

***British lose Indian allies after loss at ***British lose Indian allies after loss at Fort Necessity, end up siding with the Fort Necessity, end up siding with the French and some stay out of the fight!French and some stay out of the fight!

Braddock’s DefeatBraddock’s Defeat 1755 General Edward Braddock 1755 General Edward Braddock

made a second attempt to drive made a second attempt to drive the French out! They plan to the French out! They plan to bombard the fort with their bombard the fort with their cannons!cannons!

Braddock ignores warnings Braddock ignores warnings (ambush)(ambush)

Believes his troops are far Believes his troops are far superior to N-Assuperior to N-As

French commander sends out 250 French commander sends out 250 French soldiers and 600 N-A French soldiers and 600 N-A allies, easy targets in RED allies, easy targets in RED uniforms!uniforms!

French & Indian War French & Indian War ContinuedContinued

1755 Braddock’s Defeat (bad Brit 1755 Braddock’s Defeat (bad Brit General)General) Dies and is buried under the roadDies and is buried under the road

1756 France & England formally 1756 France & England formally declare war (although the fighting declare war (although the fighting actually started in 1754 at Fort actually started in 1754 at Fort Necessity)Necessity)

***British suffer many defeats!!!***British suffer many defeats!!!

William PittWilliam Pitt

Britain’s Secretary of StateBritain’s Secretary of State 1757 begins to transform 1757 begins to transform

the British war effortthe British war effort Under total British controlUnder total British control Pours $$$ into the war effortPours $$$ into the war effort Colonists forced to provide Colonists forced to provide

supplies, equipment, shelter supplies, equipment, shelter and manpowerand manpower

MUCH resistance for the MUCH resistance for the colonists! colonists!

1757 1757 MontcalmMontcalm (Fr.) (Fr.) defeats defeats MonroMonro (B.) at (B.) at Fort William HenryFort William Henry

1758 Montcalm takes 1758 Montcalm takes FortFort CarillonCarillon…the Brits …the Brits will take it back in 1759 will take it back in 1759 and rename it and rename it TiconderogaTiconderoga

1758 Friction between 1758 Friction between British authorities and British authorities and colonists threatens the colonists threatens the war effort…Pitt relaxes war effort…Pitt relaxes policies, resulting in :policies, resulting in : Renewed Support & Renewed Support &

Tide Turns!Tide Turns!

The Tide TurnsThe Tide Turns

Pitt focuses on 3 main goals:Pitt focuses on 3 main goals:Defeat the French and take control of…Defeat the French and take control of… LouisburgLouisburg QuebecQuebec MontrealMontreal

Also, Native-American allies Also, Native-American allies abandon the French who are abandon the French who are outnumbered, confused, exhausted, outnumbered, confused, exhausted, outgunned, & low on supplies outgunned, & low on supplies

1758 1758 Louisburg fallsLouisburg falls to Brits under General to Brits under General Wolfe, 1Wolfe, 1stst significant British victory of the significant British victory of the war, & take Fort Duquesne in the Ohio war, & take Fort Duquesne in the Ohio Valley…rename it Fort Pitt (Pittsburgh, PA)Valley…rename it Fort Pitt (Pittsburgh, PA)

1759 1759 Quebec fallsQuebec falls to Brits, 18,000 English vs. to Brits, 18,000 English vs. 14,000 French, Wolfe & Montcalm both die14,000 French, Wolfe & Montcalm both die ***Ranks as one of the most important battles in ***Ranks as one of the most important battles in

British & American historyBritish & American history 17601760 Montreal fallsMontreal falls: End of French in Canada : End of French in Canada

(War continues in other parts of world)(War continues in other parts of world) A French population does remain behind.A French population does remain behind.

Treaty of ParisTreaty of Paris17631763

Formally ends the war!Formally ends the war! The French leave North America! The French leave North America! France turns over her claims in France turns over her claims in

Canada and east of the Mississippi to Canada and east of the Mississippi to Great BritainGreat Britain

Spain ceded (gave up) Florida to Spain ceded (gave up) Florida to Britain in return for the French port Britain in return for the French port of New Orleans and lands west of the of New Orleans and lands west of the MississippiMississippi

French and English French and English CollidePostCollidePostPre-War Map Post-War Pre-War Map Post-War

MapMap

Pontiac’s RebellionPontiac’s Rebellion1763-17661763-1766

Following the Treaty of Following the Treaty of ParisParis

The BritishThe British Don’t respect the Indians, Don’t respect the Indians,

believe they are superiorbelieve they are superior Have already taken Indian Have already taken Indian

land & moved onto Indian land & moved onto Indian land in the Ohio Valleyland in the Ohio Valley

Broken treatiesBroken treaties Proven not to trade fairly Proven not to trade fairly

& refuse to give gifts like & refuse to give gifts like the French had!the French had!

The Indians:The Indians: Became dependent of foreign trade with Became dependent of foreign trade with

the French and are now forced to trade the French and are now forced to trade with the Britishwith the British

Are angry with the British colonists Are angry with the British colonists moving onto their landmoving onto their land

The RebellionThe Rebellion Ottawa Chief PontiacOttawa Chief Pontiac helps to organize helps to organize

Shawnee, Delaware, Chippewa, and Shawnee, Delaware, Chippewa, and Ottawa tribes against the BritishOttawa tribes against the British

They killed hundreds of settlers & take They killed hundreds of settlers & take many British Fortsmany British Forts

The British retaliate just as brutally The British retaliate just as brutally against the native-Americansagainst the native-Americans

The rebellion continues for a couple of The rebellion continues for a couple of years and proves it will be difficult for the years and proves it will be difficult for the British to control such a vast (large) British to control such a vast (large) territoryterritory

““Gesture of Peace”Gesture of Peace”

In a “gesture of peace” the British In a “gesture of peace” the British invite the native-Americans to meet invite the native-Americans to meet with themwith them

Give them gifts of blankets to take Give them gifts of blankets to take back to their tribeback to their tribe

Blankets are infected with smallpox, Blankets are infected with smallpox, causing many deathscausing many deaths

Proclamation of 1763Proclamation of 1763 Outcome of the Outcome of the

Rebellion…Rebellion…

The Proclamation of The Proclamation of 17631763 Britain orders colonists Britain orders colonists

NOT to move west of the NOT to move west of the Appalachian Mountains Appalachian Mountains to avoid further fightingto avoid further fighting

Land is everything to Land is everything to colonist and many are colonist and many are angry with the orderangry with the order

Some go anyways, lots of Some go anyways, lots of tension ensues between tension ensues between the colonists & Great the colonists & Great BritainBritain

Other Outcomes!Other Outcomes!War & RebellionWar & Rebellion

Valuable military experience is gained Valuable military experience is gained by many who will fight and lead by many who will fight and lead during the American Revolution, during the American Revolution, including George Washington!including George Washington!

American Indians will be pushed American Indians will be pushed further westward off their lands.further westward off their lands.

Settlers continue to move westward!Settlers continue to move westward! England is in HUGE DEBT!!!England is in HUGE DEBT!!!