Bellwork: Copy the vocabulary.

Arthr- joint

Burs- sac

Carp- wrist

Chondr- cartilage

Costo- ribs

Duc- move

Flex- bend

Meta- beyond

Myelo- bone marrow

Osteo- bone

Peri- around

Pod- foot

Poro- pores in the bone

Tars- ankle

Thorac- chest

The

Skeletal

System

Standards

8) Outline basic concepts of normal

structure and function of all body systems,

and explain how homeostasis is

maintained.

(Our focus is on the skeletal system)

Objectives

Students will describe the function of

the skeletal system.

Students will name and locate the

bones of the skeleton.

Students will analyze bones used

when engaging in different actions.

Functions of the Skeletal System

Support

Structural support

Framework for attachment

Discuss: Based on other body systems

we have studied, what does the skeleton

support?

Name specific examples.

Storage

Calcium reserve

Energy reserves (lipids in yellow marrow)

Functions of the Skeletal System

Blood Cell Production

AKA hemopoiesis (formation of blood’s

cellular components

RBC and WBC produced in red marrow

Protection

Surrounds soft tissues and organs

Leverage for movement

Change magnitude and direction of forces

generated by skeletal muscles

Structures of the Skeletal System:

Types of Bones Long Bones

Longer than they are wide

Ex: humerus, femur

Short Bones

Roughly equal length and width

Ex: carpals, tarsals

Flat Bones

Thin and broad

Ex: ribs

Irregular Bones

Complex shapes

Ex: pelvic girdle, vertebrae

The Axial Skeleton

The axial skeleton is blueand includes the:

skull

vertebral column

sternum

ribs

hyoid bone (or laryngeal)

The Skull

Frontal View

The Skull

Lateral

View

The

Vertebral

Column

(The

Spinal

Column)

Draw and

label

Discussion

• With a partner discuss…

• Applying your knowledge of the nervous system, what organ does the spinal column protect?

Sternum and Rib Cage

12 sets of

Ribs

True,

False,

Floating

Discussion

Applying what your know about

medical terminology, what cavity do

the ribs protect?

The Appendicular Skeleton

The appendicular skeleton is beigeand includes

shoulder girdles

arms

wrists

hands

pelvic girdle

legs

ankles

feet.

The Shoulder Girdle

The Arm

Upper Arm Lower Arm

The Hand

The Pelvic Girdle

Why do you think the shape of the pelvis

Is different between males and females?

Leg bones

Upper Leg Lower Leg

------Patella

Ankle

and

Foot

ActivityMake sure your worksheets are labeled accurately. Use your book, page 310.

In your small group, use your skeleton to evaluate which bones are used in daily activities such as:

Brushing your teeth

Driving a car

Throwing a football

Running a race

Enrichment:

Go back to your diagram and give the everyday “layman’s” terms to as many bones as possible. (For example: jaw for mandible.)

Explain why it is important to know the layman’s terms as well as the correct medical terminology. When would you use each?

BELLWORK: Day Two

COMPARE AND CONTRAST THE THREE

TYPES OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE:

CARTILAGE (p. 309)

LIGAMENT (p. 312)

TENDON (p. 320)

Connective Bone Tissue

Cartilage:

Acts as cushion between bones; articular cartilage

located on ends of bones and acts as shock absorber,

preventing ends from grinding together when you move.

Ligaments:

tough, whitish bands that connect from bone to boneand can withstand heavy stress.

Tendons:

cord-like structures that attach muscle to bone.

The knee joint:

-cartilage

-ligaments

Standards

8) Outline basic concepts of normal

structure and function of all body systems,

and explain how homeostasis is

maintained.

(Our focus is the skeletal system)

Objectives

Explain homeostasis of the body relating to

the skeletal system

Define ossification

Identify and label the parts of the long

bone

Compare/contrast the different bone

joints

Homeostasis and Mineral Storage

in the Skeletal System

99% of bodily calcium is deposited in the skeleton

Nervous System use Ca+ ions

Ca+ concentration is heavily regulated

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) – elevates Ca+ levels in body fluids

Bones become weaker

Calcitonin - depresses Ca+ levels in body fluids

Bones become stronger

These hormones work together to maintain homeostasis!

Growth and Formation of Bone

Begins 6 weeks after fertilization, stops around age 25

Is it possible for some people to grow taller even after high school?

Ossification – process of tissue replacement by bone

-http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6f90506PvS8&feature=related

Growth and Formation of Bone

Requirements:

Prenatal – minerals absorbed from mother (loses bone mass)

Consume Ca and P from diet

Vitamin D3 allows absorption of Ca and P

Vitamins A and C needed for osteoblast activity

Discuss: How can a woman retain or gain the necessary minerals her body needs during pregnancy?

Structure of the Long Bones

Label in your notes. Diaphysis

Central shaft

Bone marrow

Yellow vs. red (lipids or fat vs. RBCs)

Epiphysis

Enlarged ends

Covered with articular cartilage

Compact bone

Dense/solid

Found in diaphysis

Spongy bone

Network of bony rods w/ spaces

Found in epiphysis

Periosteum

Covers outer surface of bone

Endosteum

Lines the marrow cavity

Moveable

Bone Joints

-Saddle

-Ball and Socket

-Pivot

-Hinge

-Ellipsoidal/

Condyloid

-Gliding

Moveable Bone Joints

Pivot joint: turnstile movement in neck and forearm

Ball and socket joint: hip and shoulder; all forms of movement, including rotation

Hinge joint: allow opening and closing movement in knees and elbows

Gliding joint: wrists and ankles; provides sliding back and forth movement

Saddle joint: shaped like saddle, found in thumb; can rock up and down or side to side

Condyloid joint: oval shaped bone end fitting into elliptical cavity in other bone so there is movement from one plane to another but no rotation as found in fingers and toes

Ellipsoidal joint: provide two axes of movement through same bone like joint formed at wrist with radius and ulna

Classification of Joint Movement

Get up and let’s move!!!

Flexion: bending a joint and decreasing angle between involved bones

Extension: straightening a joint

Abduction: moving away from body’s midline

Adduction: moving toward midline of body

Circumduction: circular arm movement of a pitcher

Rotation: bone “spins "on its axis

Supination: turning hand palm up

Pronation: turning hand palm down

Classification of Joint Movement

Eversion: The movement of the sole of the foot away from the median plane.

Inversion: The movement of the sole towards the median plane.

Dorsiflexion: Flexion of the foot in an upward direction — compare plantar flexion, which is flexing the foot down.

Retraction: The movement of a body part in the posterior direction, or being drawn back.

Protraction: The movement of a body part in the anterior direction, or being drawn forwards.

Immoveable Joints

A fixed joint

between bones

connected by

fibrous tissue (for

example, the

sutures of the skull). At what time did these bones

need to be able to move?

Cartilaginous Joint: the joint space is covered in dense connective tissue

In males this may

shift slightly at

times.

In females this joint

is vital to provide

room during

vaginal childbirth.

Activity

Complete the “Meeting at the Joint” worksheet.

Complete cutting out your skeleton.

Identify and label the bones of your skeleton.

We will place our skeletons on the bulletin board and then label the joints.

“Simon Says” Review game!!

Which one doesn’t belong! (Quiz)

Extended Learning!?!?

Research the carpals and tarsals.

They each have specific names.

What are they?

Label each on the hand and foot.

Bellwork: Page 316

Draw and describe the following

conditions related to the spine:

Kyphosis

Lordosis

Scoliosis

Directed Reading Activity

In your group of three choose one of the following

directed reading from the website:

Care Considerations with Patients with Spinal Cord

Injuries

Total Knee Replacement and Imaging

Computed Tomography of Facial Fractures

Each person in your group will choose a different

directed reading. You may not do the same one.

After you answer the questions, then go to the Extended

Learning Assignments tab on the class website.

Complete the task for the corresponding professional

journal.