Bellringer Tuesday

• Get a map off the table below & complete the following.

1. Label your map with the names of the states.2. Shade Union states Blue 3. Shade Confederate States Red4. Shade “border states” yellow.

Group task…. 10 – 15 minutes• Work in groups of 3 – 4.• You will be assigned a side, North or South. • Using your map & knowledge, work with your

group to come up with a plan/strategy to defeat your enemy.

• Things to consider: geography, what does this region depend on to sustain their economy, what are their weaknesses/strengths

• Obviously your goal is to win. How will you do that?—It is 1861! So, no nukes!!

The Confederate Strategy

• A Defensive War of Attrition:– Goal: Force Union to spend its men & resources

until they grow tired of it– Achieve this by: Defend the country, fight only

nec. Battles; rarely attack– Problems with strategy: unpopular w/

Southerners who wanted to fight; resulted in sudden offensives costing lives

The Union Plan• Anaconda Plan: Winfield Scott– Goal: slowly strangle South– Achieve this through:• Blockade of ports- hurt trade & foreign aide• Cut supplies, equip.,money, food, cotton• Control Miss. River w/ gunboats• Capture N. Orleans, Vicksburg, & Memphis• Divide E. & W. states & conquer

– Problems: To slow

The First Modern War

• Changes in weaponry– Rapid fire weapons– Gatling gun – ironclad ships– Subs (experimental)– Telegraph & aerial observations

• Fighting techniques• Trenches• photojournalists

1st Battles…1861

• July 1861: 1st Manasses/1st Bull Run• S: battle names after closest town– N. : nearest water (creek, river, harbor, etc)

• Conf. victory• “Stonewall” Jackson gets his name & rep.• Rest of year “skirmishs”; nobody really

“winning”; Conf. better year.

1862…

• Union pushes South• March 9th, VA. Coast– Monitor (North) vs. Merrimack (South)– Conf. develop “ironclad” steamship, N. copies– Monitor arrives to face Merrimack; conflict a draw– Significance: Naval warfare changed forever-

wooden ships obsolete!

The Merrimac

Battle of Shiloh• Pittsburg Landing, Tenn.• April 6 – 7• Conf. : led by Gen. Johnston vs. Union. Ulysses Grant• Grant heading to Corinth, Miss. impt. Rr

junction; stops at Pittsburg landing; Johnston’s surprise attack, Conf. push Union back to Tenn.; Grant counters

• Signif: Union vict. (barely) high Conf. & Union losses! (over 20,000) South gives up hope of recovering Tenn. & the North of winning fast!

Naval Warfare

• Blockade- effective but not perfect– Blockade runners- small, fast ships used to

smuggle– Conf. ships in foreign ports sink U.S. ships • The Alabama – sank 64 union merchant ships• The Florida- 38

– Signif: hurt N. econ & strained U.S./British relations

Naval warfare continued• April 1862: Union attacks N. Orleans to

control Miss. Riv.• Led by: David G. Farragut• Daring attack facing 2 Conf. forts & and 80

guns, fire-rafts, & gunboats• Signif: Union controls N. Orleans– key port &

heads up river!

1862

• McClellan’s Peninsula Campaign: (362)– Slow, cautious– 30 days for Yorktown– Major losses 7 Days – Goal: Richmond– Outcome: Lincoln orders McClellan retreat• McClellan replaced by Gen. Pope

1862

• Aug.: 2nd Manassas/Bull Run• Lee wants to deal w/ Pope • Conf. Generals attack & raid him• Pope & “Stonewall” Jackson face off• Outcome:– Conf. victory– Union retreats/takes massive losses– Lincoln brings McClellan back – Clara Barton

What do you think….

• At this point in the war, do you think Lee should invade the North?

• What possible advantages could it have?• What disadvantages?

Sept. 17, 1862 Antietam, Maryland

• *** Major turning point!!