Bellringer – March 3, 20141) Draw the following leaf and fill in the blanks

for the 5 arrows.

2) In what organelle does photosynthesis take place?

3) Try and write the FULL equation for photosynthesis

Photosynthesis:Life from Light and Air

AQUAPONICS

Plants are energy producers• Like animals, plants need energy to live• Unlike animals, plants don’t need to eat

food to make that energy• Plants make both food & energy– animals are consumers– plants are producers

The Process That Feeds the Biosphere

Photosynthesisthe process that converts solar

energy into chemical energyWho or What?

Plants and other autotrophsThey are producers of the

biosphere

2 Types of Autotrophs1.Chemoautotrophs– Use chemosynthesis to make

“food” 2. Photoautotrophs– Use photosynthesis to make

“food”

Plants, some bacteria and algae are photoautotrophs Use energy of sun to make organic molecules

from H2O and CO2

Some worms and bacteria are chemoautotrophs Use energy from chemicals to make organic

molecules

Photosynthesis Occurs in plants, algae, certain other

protists, some prokaryotesThese organisms use light energy to drive the synthesis of organic molecules from carbon dioxideand (in most cases) water. They feed not onlythemselves, but the entire living world. (a) Onland, plants are the predominant producers offood. In aquatic environments, photosyntheticorganisms include (b) multicellularalgae, suchas this kelp; (c) some unicellular protists, suchas Euglena; (d) the prokaryotes clledcyanobacteria; and (e) other photosyntheticprokaryotes, such as these purple sulfurbacteria, which produce sulfur (sphericalglobules) (c, d, e: LMs).

(a) Plants

(b) Multicellular algae

(c) Unicellular protist10 m

40 m(d) Cyanobacteria

1.5 m(e) Pruple sulfur

bacteria

Figure 10.2

Autotrophs vs. Heterotrophs Heterotrophs

Obtain their organic material from other organisms

They are consumers of the biosphere

Using light & air to grow plants

6CO2 6H2O C6H12O6 6O2sunenergy

+ ++

glucose + oxygencarbondioxide

sunenergy+ water +

(ATP)

• Photosynthesis– using sun energy to make ATP– using carbon dioxide & water to make sugar– Takes place in chloroplast– allows plants to grows– makes a waste product

• oxygen

Chloroplasts: The Sites of Photosynthesis in Plants

The leaves of plants-THEY’RE GREEN!! major sites of photosynthesis

Chloroplasts Organelle where photosynthesis

occurs Stroma

Dense fluid within chloroplast Dark reaction occurs here

Thylakoids Membranous sac (or “coin”) in stroma Inside space called thylakoid space Light reactions occur here

Grana (granum = singular) Stack of thylakoids (“coins”)

The Equation for Photosynthesis Photosynthesis converts light energy

to the chemical energy of food Photosynthesis is summarized by this

Overall chemical equation

6 CO2 + 6 H2O + Light energy C6H12O6 + 6 O2

The Nature of Sunlight Light

a form of electromagnetic energy, which travels in waves and particles (called photons)

Wavelength distance between crests of waves

Determines type of electromagnetic energy (wavelength & energy are inversely proportionate)

The electromagnetic spectrum The entire range of

electromagnetic energy, or radiation

Gammarays X-rays UV Infrared

Micro-waves

Radiowaves

10–5 nm 10–3 nm 1 nm 103 nm 106 nm1 m

106 nm 103 m

380 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 nm

Visible light

Shorter wavelengthHigher energy

Longer wavelengthLower energy

Color we SEE = color most reflected by pigment; other colors (wavelengths) are absorbedBLACK all colors are reflected

Light

ReflectedLight

Chloroplast

Absorbedlight

Granum

Transmittedlight

How do the light reactions capture solar energy?

Photosynthetic Pigments molecules that absorb visible light different pigments absorb different

wavelengths of light Many different pigments used in

light reactions of photosynthesis

Primary vs. Accessory Pigments

Primary PigmentChlorophyll a (most abundant)

Accessory (Antennae) Pigments

Chlorophyll bAnthocyaninsXanthophyllsCartenoids

Photosynthetic pigments• Primary pigment = chlorophyll a – takes direct part in light reactions

• Accessory pigments• protect chlorophyll a from UV light

damage• absorb light at wavelengths that are not

absorbed by chlorophyll a• Funnel e-s to chlorophyll a help

broaden the absorption spectrum for photosynthesis (act as “antennae”)

The Two Stages of Photosynthesis: A Preview

• The Light reactions•NEEDS LIGHT•Light Dependent Reactions

• The Calvin cycle•A.k.a- Dark Reactions or Light Independent Reactions •DOES NOT NEED LIGHT

The Light Reactions

Occur in the grana (& thylakoids)

Convert solar energy to chemical energy

Chlorophyll absorbs solar energy Splits water release O2 (a by-product) produce ATP (chemical energy)

The Calvin Cycle

Occurs in the stromaForms SUGAR from carbon dioxideCarbon fixation occurs (CO2

fixed carbon) Uses ATP for energy and NADPH

for reducing power

An overview of photosynthesis

H2O CO2

Light

LIGHT REACTIONS

CALVINCYCLE

Chloroplast[CH2O](sugar)

NADPH

NADP

ADP+ P

O2

ATP

Photosynthesis

This is the equation you are used to seeing, but this is not the whole story…

+ water + energy glucose + oxygencarbondioxide

6CO2 6H2O C6H12O6 6O2lightenergy

+ ++

Exit Slip-March 4, 2014Plant Identification:

AB

D

E

Word bank:Sage, geranium, curly kale, swiss chard, basil

C