Bellringer: EOCT Review Bellringer: EOCT Review QuestionsQuestions

1.The term “Cold War” refers to:a. The distrust between the US and the Soviet

Union that many feared would lead to an actual war in the years following WWII

b. The war fought in Germany after WWII between Communists and Democrats

c. The war fought between North and South Koread. The war fought between the US and china

following the Chinese Revolution2. The Truman Doctrine stated:a. the US wouldn’t tolerate Communists in the USb. The US would not hesitate to intervene to help

foreign nations who were trying to fight against Communists

c. The US would not cross the 38th parallel during the Korea War

d. The US would support Mao’s Revolution in China3. Who was Joseph McCarthy?4. What was the purpose of the House Un-American

Activities Committee (HUAC)?

Korean War and Cuban Korean War and Cuban Missile CrisisMissile Crisis

Korean WarKorean War At the end of WW II Korea was split At the end of WW II Korea was split

into two nations at the 38into two nations at the 38thth parallel parallel Both the North and the South formed Both the North and the South formed

their own governments and claimed their own governments and claimed the entire country as their own.the entire country as their own.

In 1950 the Soviet backed North In 1950 the Soviet backed North Korean Army (communists) invaded Korean Army (communists) invaded South Korea (capitalists) nearly South Korea (capitalists) nearly capturing the whole capturing the whole country country

President Truman placed President Truman placed General Douglas MacArthurGeneral Douglas MacArthur in in charge.charge.

The U.S. Army, backed by United Nations troops, counter-The U.S. Army, backed by United Nations troops, counter-attacked and pushed the North Korean Army to the border attacked and pushed the North Korean Army to the border of Chinaof China

Feeling threatened by the advance, China attacked and Feeling threatened by the advance, China attacked and forced the U.S. to retreat back behind the 38forced the U.S. to retreat back behind the 38thth parallel parallel

The Korean WarThe Korean War MacArthur wanted to go on the MacArthur wanted to go on the

offensive against China, Truman offensive against China, Truman refused to give this orderrefused to give this order

MacArthur publicly denounced MacArthur publicly denounced Truman’s decisionTruman’s decision

MacArthur was firedMacArthur was fired Korean War ended in a stalemateKorean War ended in a stalemate North Korea remained Communist, North Korea remained Communist,

and South Korea remained non-and South Korea remained non-CommunistCommunist

Recap: The Korean WarRecap: The Korean War

Why did the Chinese enter the war?Why did the Chinese enter the war? They were a communist countryThey were a communist country

Why wouldn’t America go on the Offensive?Why wouldn’t America go on the Offensive? ““containment” meant to prevent the containment” meant to prevent the

SPREAD of communism- defend non-SPREAD of communism- defend non-communist countries from becoming communist countries from becoming communistcommunist

Is the Korean War seen as a success or a failure?Is the Korean War seen as a success or a failure? StalemateStalemate ““forgotten war”forgotten war”

What is a limited war?What is a limited war? War fought to win one specific goal (i.e. War fought to win one specific goal (i.e.

containment)containment)

Cold War: Cold War: In CubaIn Cuba

In 1959 Fidel Castro In 1959 Fidel Castro overthrew the American overthrew the American supported leader of Cuba, supported leader of Cuba, Batista. Batista.

Cuba took control of all Cuba took control of all U.S. property in Cuba, U.S. property in Cuba, including land and including land and factoriesfactories

The new Cuban leader, The new Cuban leader, Fidel Castro, became allies Fidel Castro, became allies with the Soviet Unionwith the Soviet Union

Problems in Cuba

Bay of PigsBay of Pigs-Bay of Pigs:-Bay of Pigs: CIA’s CIA’s plan for the invasion plan for the invasion of Cuba in order to of Cuba in order to overthrow Castro.overthrow Castro.

-When John Kennedy -When John Kennedy became President in became President in 1961, he inherited a 1961, he inherited a plan from the plan from the previous President, previous President, EisenhowerEisenhower

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DoGESE_wO34 -----4min

The U.S. worried that the Soviet Union would The U.S. worried that the Soviet Union would use Cuba as a base to spread Communism use Cuba as a base to spread Communism through out the Western Hemisphere through out the Western Hemisphere

Though only the President for three months, Though only the President for three months, Kennedy listened to his advisors and approved Kennedy listened to his advisors and approved the secret plan which called for 1,500 Cuban the secret plan which called for 1,500 Cuban exiles to attack, supported by U.S. planesexiles to attack, supported by U.S. planes

Bay of Pigs = DIASTER!Bay of Pigs = DIASTER!1- News of the attack 1- News of the attack

leaked out days leaked out days before it happenedbefore it happened

2-The attack site, the 2-The attack site, the “Bay of Pigs”, was “Bay of Pigs”, was poorly chosen with poorly chosen with coral reefs slowing coral reefs slowing down the landing down the landing craft, and swampy craft, and swampy land causing land causing problems once problems once ashore ashore

3- In an effort to hide 3- In an effort to hide U.S. involvement, U.S. involvement, Kennedy refused Kennedy refused to send in the to send in the expected air expected air supportsupport

4- Within days Cuba 4- Within days Cuba had captured or had captured or killed the invaders killed the invaders

Cuban Missile CrisisCuban Missile Crisis

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xo8SMzM8X-U -----4.5min Summary

Cuban Missile CrisisCuban Missile Crisis In 1962 U.S. spy planes In 1962 U.S. spy planes

photographed Soviet made long photographed Soviet made long range missiles being set-up in Cubarange missiles being set-up in Cuba

Cuban Missile CrisisCuban Missile Crisis Kennedy ordered the followingKennedy ordered the following

1. a naval blockade of Cuba1. a naval blockade of Cuba 2. demanded that the Soviets remove 2. demanded that the Soviets remove

the missilesthe missiles 3. warned Soviet Union that the U.S. 3. warned Soviet Union that the U.S.

would launch an all out nuclear missile would launch an all out nuclear missile attack if any missiles were fired from attack if any missiles were fired from Cuba Cuba

Cuban Missile CrisisCuban Missile Crisis The Soviets ignored the warning and The Soviets ignored the warning and

continued to work on the sitescontinued to work on the sites Many in the U.S. believed that a Many in the U.S. believed that a

nuclear holocaust (mass killing) would nuclear holocaust (mass killing) would occur occur

In late October, after secretly In late October, after secretly negotiating with the Soviets, disaster negotiating with the Soviets, disaster was avoidedwas avoided

The Soviet Union agreed to pull out of The Soviet Union agreed to pull out of Cuba if the U.S. promised not to invade Cuba if the U.S. promised not to invade the islandthe island

Closing: Exit TicketClosing: Exit Ticket

How did the spread of How did the spread of communism lead to communism lead to the Korean War and the Korean War and the Cuban Missile the Cuban Missile

Crisis?Crisis?