Bellringer• SOL Challenge

• BJOTD: Why did the mouse sleep under the oil can?– Submitted by Aanal Gandhi and Lucas

Martin

Agenda• Finish Nation-states (20 minutes)• Towns-Black Death (20 mins)• Renaissance Art (10 mins)• Renaissance (rest of class)

The Rise of Towns and the Black Death

Changes in the Late Middle Ages• Farming improves

– Climate warms up and opens up new areas for farming

– New techniques are developed• Increased farming led to more food

– What does more food lead to?• Trade began expanding due to Crusades– Fairs- people from manors go to trade

goods– Guilds- group of people doing the same job

• Sort of like a union- helped to control wages

Trade and Finance Expand• Towns grow with increased population– People begin specializing their work again

• Towns were crowded and unplanned– Streets were narrow, full of animals– No sewers, human waste dumped in streets

• Town growth begins to ruin feudal system– Feudal lords still controlled lands– Rebellions were common against landlord

The City Makes a Comeback• People need to borrow money for business– Crusades encouraged the use of credit and

banking– Letters of credit expanded the supply of

money and made trade faster• Money lenders are needed– Usury (charging interest on loaned money) is

illegal for Christians– Jews could charge interest and so become the

first lenders• New accounting and bookkeeping

practices using Arabic numerals were introduced

Education in the Middle Ages

• Education still largely confined to the clergy, who were among the few literate people in the Middle Ages

• Made new knowledge in philosophy, medicine, and science available in Europe

• This new learning laid the foundation for the rise of universities in Europe

The Black Death

The Spread of the Black Death

Effects of the Plague• Population severely dropped

– From 450 million to between 350-375 million• Trade declined and prices rose • Workers were hard to find

– Why? • Church loses significant power

– Why? • Feudalism crumbles

– Why? • People’s view of life changes in 2 ways

– Some pessimistic – world is going to end – Some optimistic- Eat, drink and be merry

The Renaissance• A rebirth of art and learning based on

the ideas of ancient Greece and Rome.

• How did these ideas get back to Europe?

Italy during the

Renaissance

Advantages of Location for Northern Italian Cities during the Renaissance• Florence, Venice, and Genoa1. Had access to trade routes connecting

Europe with Middle Eastern markets2. Served as trading centers for the

distribution of goods to Northern Europe

3. Were initially independent city-states governed as republics

Key Concept• The Renaissance produced new ideas

that were reflected in the arts, philosophy, and literature. People wealthy from newly expanded trade, called patrons, sponsored works that glorified states in northern Italy. Education became increasingly secular.

Machiavelli’s Ideas about PowerBackground: Machiavelli observed city-

state rulers of his day and produced guidelines for the acquisition and maintenance of power by absolute rule

• Machiavelli published his ideas in a book called The Prince1. An early modern treatise on

government2. Supported absolute rule of the ruler3. Maintains that the ends justify the

means4. Advises that one should do good if

possible, but do evil when necessary

Medieval Art vs Renaissance Art

Renaissance Art1. Human emotions

and Feelings2. Life-like gestures

and action3. Religious and

secular (non-religious) themes

4. Greek and Roman Architecture

Art and Literature• Medieval art and literature-focused

on the church and salvation• Renaissance art and literature-

focused on individuals and worldly (secular) matters, along with Christianity

Italian Renaissance Artists and Writers

• Leonardo da Vinci-Mona Lisa and the Last Supper

• Michelangelo-ceiling of the Sistine Chapel and David

• Petrarch-sonnets, humanist scholarship

Leonardo da Vinci

Da Vinci’s Tank

Michelangelo

Donatello

The Northern Renaissance• Background-with the rise of trade,

travel, and literacy, the Italian Renaissance spread to northern Europe

Art and Literature changed as different cultures adopted Renaissance ideas:

1. Growing wealth in Northern Europe supported Renaissance ideas.

2. Northern Renaissance thinkers merged humanist ideas with Christianity.

3. The moveable type printing press and the production and sale of books (Gutenberg Bible) helped spread ideas.

Important Artists and Writers of the Northern Renaissance

• Erasmus-The Praise of Folly (1511)• Sir Thomas More-Utopia (1516)• SIGNIFICANCE-that Northern

Renaissance artists portrayed religious and secular subjects

Next Class…• Essay :(NOT Compare/Contrast)Analyze and

discuss• The emergence and development of nation-

states(France, Spain, England, Russia)• The motivations behind the Crusades• The impact of the Black Death on the Late Middle Ages• The impact of the Crusades on the Late Middle Ages

• On Friday: Multiple Choice– All information from Chapter 14—book and class

activities– 50 MC questions

• 40 SOL, 10 AP