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![Page 1: Bellringer](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062408/568134ad550346895d9bc4bf/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Bellringer What are the products of
photosynthesis? What do living things do
with these products? Why do we need to breathe
Oxygen?
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“You are what you eat”• Food is broken down and used by cells for
energy and to build other molecules
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Carbohydrates• Simple• Single sugars
• Complex• Many simple sugars
bonded together
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Pg. 116
1
234
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What is cellular respiration?
A. The process by which cells breatheB. The process by which cells release energy
from molecules to make ATPC. The process by which cells take in carbon
dioxide and release oxygenD. All of the above
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What is cellular respiration?
A. The process by which cells breatheB. The process by which cells release energy
from molecules to make ATPC. The process by which cells take in carbon
dioxide and release oxygenD. All of the above
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Lungs
Bloodstream
CO2BREATHING
CO2
O
2
O
2CELLULAR
RESPIRATION
Breathing and Cellular Respiration are related
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Cellular Respiration Cellular Respiration:
The releasing of energy from the chemical bonds in food
IT PRODUCES ATP!!!
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Glucose Oxygen gas Carbon dioxide
Water Energy
Cellular Respiration: 4 Steps
1. Glycolysis2. Acetyl-CoA Production3. Krebs Cycle4. Electron Transport Chain
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Photosynthesis
Cellular Respiration
CO2, H2O O2, glucose
ATP
SunlightIn the CHLOROPLAST…
In the MITOCHONDRION…
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Cellular RespirationALL LIVING THINGS perform cellular respiration Everything needs ATP There are 2 types of respiration
1. AEROBIC RESPIRATION : uses oxygen
2. ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION: doesn’t use oxygen
IMPORTANT: These two end differently, but both start with glycolysis
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AEROBIC RESPIRATION
C6H12O6 + O2 CO2 + H2O + 36ATPs glucose oxygen carbon water energy
dioxide
3 STAGES:n Glycolysis (Occurs in the cytoplasm)n Kreb’s Cycle (Occurs in the mitochondria)n Electron Transport Chain (in mitochondria)
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1. Glycolysis
1.1. Glycolysis
Where? The cytoplasm
1. Glycolysis
Where? The cytoplasm
What? Breaks down glucose to pyruvate, produces 2 ATPs
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Glycolysis Stage 1: Glycolysis – breaks down glucose (6
Carbons) into 2 pyruvate molecules (3 Carbons each)
Uses 2 ATP; produces 4 ATP net gain 2 ATP
Produces 2 NADH (an electron carrier) Occurs in cytoplasm, does not need oxygen
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6-carbon glucose two 3-carbon pyruvates
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2. Acetyl-CoA Production
Where? Mitochondria
Acetyl CoAPyruvate
What? Each pyruvate molecule is broken down to form Acetyl-CoA
2.
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3. Krebs Cycle
Where? Mitochondria
What? Uses Acetyl Co-A to generate 2 ATPs
3.
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4. Electron Transport Chain
Where? Mitochondria
What? 32 ATP molecules are produced for each glucose molecule
4.
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Glucose
Pyruvate
1. Glycolysis
OxygenAerobic
No OxygenAnaerobic
2. Acetyl Co-A Production
3. Krebs Cycle
4. ETC
36 ATP from each molecule of glucose
Fermentation
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The Link Reaction Links glycolosis to the
Kreb’s Cycle Pyruvic acid (3C) is turned
into Acetyl CoA (2C) The extra carbon is
chopped off and released as CO2
Produces 2 NADH
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Stage 2: The Kreb’s Cycle(Requires O2)
Acetyl CoA is used to make citric acid (6 C) Citric Acid is then broken down to release
energy, which is used to make the products of the Kreb’s cycle
Kreb’s Cycle produces: 2 ATP 6 NADH, 2 FADH2 (electron carriers) 4 CO2 (remember, these numbers are from starting with 1
glucose molecule)
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Stage 3: Electron Transport Chain At this point, most of the energy from the
glucose molecule is in the electrons THE NADH’S and FADH2’S
NADH and FADH2 release their electrons! The electrons release energy as they move
down the ETC 32 ATP are produced as they move down the
ETC Electrons are ‘caught’ by oxygen molecules at
the end of ETC
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ETC Cont’d… When the electrons join the oxygen, it forms
H2O Oxygen acts as the final “electron acceptor” in the
chain This is why oxygen is necessary for aerobic
respiration. Otherwise, electrons would get clogged in a “traffic jam”
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Aerobic Respiration Totals! In total, Aerobic Respiration Makes: 36 ATP FROM 1 GLUCOSE
(2 ATP from glycolysis) (2 ATP from Krebs) (32 ATP from ETC)
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Bellringer What is the formula for photosynthesis? What is the formula for Aerobic
Respiration? Is this a cycle? Why do we need to breathe?
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Bellringer Would you say we are “advanced” or
“complicated” as a species? What allows us this level of complexity?
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Anaerobic Respiration
When oxygen is not present after glycolysis, anaerobic respiration occurs
this only produces 2 ATP per glucose
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Anaerobic Respiration Has two stages: Stage 1: glycolysis (2 ATP) Stage 2: fermentation (0 ATP)Two types of Fermentation: Lactic Acid Fermentation: 1 glucose ---> 2 pyruvates ---> lactic acid Happens in animals When muscle cells can’t get enough oxygen to keep
up with our exercise needs, lactic acid is produced This causes muscle to ache
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Alcohol fermentation ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATION: 1 glucose ---> 2 pyruvates ---> ethanol and CO2
Happens in fungi or bacteria Produces ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide
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Poisons and how they work! Rotenone, cyanide, and carbon
monoxide block parts of the electron transport chain
Oligomycin blocks the passage of H+ through ATP synthase
Uncouplers such as DNP destroy the H+ gradient by making the membrane leaky to H+
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Carbs, fats, and Carbs, fats, and proteins can all proteins can all be catabolized be catabolized through the same through the same pathways (they pathways (they may just enter the may just enter the pathway at pathway at different sites)different sites)
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Bellringer What is your hypothesis in this lab? What content from this class led you to come
up with that hypothesis?
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Bellringer Give me a brief summary of what happens in
photosynthesis Give me a brief summary of what happens in
respiration What kind of respiration do we do?