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bellringer
• 1. What are the pumping chambers of the heart called?
• 2. Why does blood get pumped to lungs?
• 3. What is the major organ of the excretory system? Why?
• 4. What system does the adrenal gland belong to?
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Ch 46 Circulatory and Respiratory System
46.1 Circulatory System
I. The Heart
A. cardiovascular system – blood, heart and blood vessels
B. lymphatic system –
lymph, lymph nodes
and lymph vessels
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Circulatory
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II. Heart – 4 chambers
A. septum – (wall) divides heart into left side (O2 rich)and right side (O2 poor)
B. atrium
1. upper chamber
2. two
3. receive blood
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C. ventricle
1. lower chamber
2. two
3. pump blood
D. valves
1. flaps of tissue that open in only one direction
2. 4 valves –
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E. Circulation in the heart – pg 9341. deoxgenated blood into right atrium2. to right ventricle3. to pulmonary arteries4. to lungs to get oxygen 5. oxygen rich blood to left atrium6. to left ventricle7. to aorta8. to all parts of body
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circulation
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F. Control of Heartbeat
1. muscle cells contract in waves
2. sinoatrial (SA) node (pacemaker)
a. in right atrium
b. controls contraction of entire heart
3. atrioventricular (AV) node
a. in septum between atria
b. control contraction of ventricles – from SA
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Nodes
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4. pulse – series of pressure waves within an artery caused by contractions of left ventricle
average 70-90 beats per min
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III. Blood Vessels
arteries arterioles capillaries venules veins
A. closed system – blood always contained in a vessel or the heart
B. Arteries and Blood Pressure
1. arteries – carry blood away from heart (aah)
2. blood pressure – force the blood exerts against the inside walls of
blood vessel
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a. 120/80 mm Hg – ex:
b. top number = systolic – when ventricle contracts
c. lower number = diastolic – when ventricle is relaxing
3. hypertension – high blood pressure (leading cause of death in most countries)
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C. Capillaries and Veins
1. arterioles – small arteries
2. capillaries
a. network of tiny vessels
b. very thin walls – for diffusion
3. venules – small veins
4. veins – carry blood to heart
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IV. Patterns of Circulation
A. Pulmonary Circulation
blood flow to and from lungs
B. Systematic circulation
blood flow to rest of body
1. coronary circulation – heart
2. hepatic circ – liver
3. renal circ - kidneys
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Bellringer 5/16
• 1. Where does deoxygenated blood come from when it goes to heart? What chamber of heart does it go to?
• 2. What vessel brings blood back to heart?
• 3. What part of blood carries oxygen?
• 4. What vessel is the oxygen diffused into the blood?
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V. Lymphatic System
A. lymph – excess fluid
B. lymph nodes
1. traps foreign things
2. store lymphocytes – white blood cells (defense)
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46.2 Blood
I. Composition of Blood
A. Plasma – liquid part
1. mostly water
2. metabolites, nutrients, wastes, salts,
proteins, etc
3. very important in transporting many things in body to cells
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B. Red Blood Cells (RBC) (erythrocytes)
1. transport oxygen
2. formed in red bone marrow
3. contain hemoglobin
a. binds to oxygen (and CO2)
b. gives red color
4. RBC lack nuclei
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C. White Blood Cells - leukocytes
1. defend body against disease
2. types of white blood cells
a. phagocyte – engulf invading microorganisms
b. one produces antibodies – proteins that help destroy invaders
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D. Platelets
1. help blood to clot
2. only part of cell and have no nucleus
3. hemophilia – disease when blood does not clot (missing a
protein)
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II. Blood Types
A. determined by antigens (proteins in blood) – A and B
B. blood types
A, B, AB, O
C. Rh factor – another protein (+/-)
D. Universal donor?
E. Universal receiver ?
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Bellringer 5/17
1. What is the largest artery in human body?
2. What chamber of heart pumps blood to the lungs?
3. What vessels allows diffusion of gases and nutrients?
4. What component of blood carries oxygen?
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46. 3 Respiratory System
I. Respiration
A. external resp – exchange of gases between atmosphere and blood
B. internal resp – exchange of gases between blood and cells
II. Lungs (p 947)
A. external resp
B. why would left lung be smaller than right side?
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C. Path of Air
1. mouth or nose
2. nasal cavity - lined with cilia to filter
3. pharynx – back of mouth
- epiglottis – cartilage flap covering trachea when you swallow food
4. trachea* (windpipe)
- larynx – voicebox
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5. Bronchi – branch to each lung
6. Bronchioles – smaller tubes
7. Alveoli
a. tiny air sacs
b. gas is exchanged here
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III. Gas Exchange and Transport
A. between alveoli in lungs and blood in capillaries
B. Read p 948-9
- diffusion
C. Transport of O2
- in RBC in hemoglobin (on iron)
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IV. Mechanism of Breathing (p 949)
A. Inspiration – taking air into lungs
1. diaphragm contracts (moves down)
2. lungs expand in size (more space)
B. Expiration – releasing air from lungs
1. diaphragm relaxes (moves up)
2. lungs decrease in size
C. rate of breathing controlled by brain
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Videos
Circulatory system - overview
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D3ZDJgFDdk0
Beating heart = 15 sechttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iX6HnUyzgQ0&feature=related
Circulationhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PgI80Ue-AMo&feature=related
Pacemaker
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tWWZKGN9h74
Circulatory sys – ties with resp
http://videos.howstuffworks.com/hsw/25408-human-body-the-circulatory-system-video.htm
Heart anatomy – details about valves
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H04d3rJCLCE&feature=related
Lymphatic system
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cB5kYMmkEto&eurl=http%3A%2F%2Fvideo%2Egoogle%2Ecom%2Fvideosearch%3Fq%3Dlymphatic%2520system%26rls%3Dcom%2Emicrosoft%3Aen%2Dus%26oe%3DUTF%2D8%26startIndex%3D%26st&feature=player_embedded
Blood components (15 min +) good detail
http://videos.howstuffworks.com/hsw/19706-blood-comparing-bloods-constituent-parts-video.htm
Blood – shorter overview
http://videos.howstuffworks.com/hsw/25405-human-body-blood-video.htm
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Lung surgery
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HH-NmeWeJts
Oxygen transport – nice combo of circu and resp and importance of hemoglobin
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WXOBJEXxNEo&feature=related
Respiratory sys
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bwXvqSqAgKc
Diaphragm
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hp-gCvW8PRY&feature=related
Bill Nye – part 1 heart and circ – basic overview
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sg3iYuQa1e0
Bill Nye – part 2 heart and blood
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zzCacPmIkZ8&feature=related
Bill Nye – part 3 – more silly
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XoZS0H3sHkk&feature=related
Bill Nye – part 1 of Resp sys
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EbqDt9mvlZU&feature=related
Respiration – good overview – gas exchange
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DoSTehS7iq8
Respiration – shows air flow from nares – to alveoli - good
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HiT621PrrO0&feature=related
Diaphragm
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hp-gCvW8PRY&feature=related
Lungs breathing – live
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hp-gCvW8PRY&feature=related
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Lungs expanding – person in lab blowing into lungs
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=obgjV93XWjk&feature=related
Mechanics of breathing
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gYSIWceGMxY&feature=related
Trachea and epiglottis (4 min)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l2r5Do9Ureo&feature=related
Overview of respiration
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uxlYm26m1m4&feature=related
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Bellringer 5/21• A person with type B blood can received type ______
blood.• a. AB b. AB or B c. O or B d. A • 2. The pulmonary circulation loop carries blood to the • a. kidneys b. intestines c. heart d. lungs• 3. The structure that prevents food and liquid from
entering the trachea• a. pharynx b. larynx c. alveolus d. epiglottis
4. Oxygenated blood is returned to the ________ side of heart to be pumped to the ______.
• a. left, body b. left, lungs c. right, body d. right, lungs
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5. Carries oxygen in blood.
A.White blood cells b. platelets c. hemoglobin d. capillaries
6. Air passage way that has cartilage rings in it for support:•a. Trachea b. alveoli c. mouth d. arterioles
7. A man goes out for a run, Identify the main reason the runners heart rate increased.
a. The runner’s cells need to increased cell devision
b. The athlete’s blood pressure needs to increase
c. His cells need more O2 and get rid of more CO2
d. The runner needs more blood
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8. In the lungs, is carbon dioxide more concentrated in the alveoli or in the blood. Explain.