Bell WorkBell Work What does the spoils system mean?What does the spoils system mean?

This Day in History:This Day in History:February 3, 1924- Former President Woodrow Wilson dies at the age of 67.February 3, 1924- Former President Woodrow Wilson dies at the age of 67.February 3, 1959- Rising American rock stars Buddy Holly, Ritchie Valens and February 3, 1959- Rising American rock stars Buddy Holly, Ritchie Valens and

J.P. "The Big Bopper" Richardson are killed when their plane crashes J.P. "The Big Bopper" Richardson are killed when their plane crashes in Iowa. Known as the “Day the Music Died.” in Iowa. Known as the “Day the Music Died.”

February 3, 2005- Alberto Gonzales becomes the first Hispanic Attorney February 3, 2005- Alberto Gonzales becomes the first Hispanic Attorney General.General.

The Age of JacksonThe Age of JacksonNullification Crisis/Bank WarNullification Crisis/Bank War

Changing AmericaChanging America

America changed fast in the early 1800s.America changed fast in the early 1800s. Large-scale factories replaced workshops in Large-scale factories replaced workshops in

the North.the North. Family farms gave way to cotton plantations Family farms gave way to cotton plantations

in the South.in the South.

Many ordinary Americans believed the wealthy Many ordinary Americans believed the wealthy were tightening their grip on power in the United were tightening their grip on power in the United States.States.

Small farmers, frontier settlers, and slaveholders Small farmers, frontier settlers, and slaveholders backed Andrew Jackson in the election of 1828.backed Andrew Jackson in the election of 1828.

Voting ReformsVoting Reforms

• Democracy spread in the early 1800s as more people became active in politics.

• Many states lowered or eliminated the property ownership requirement for men to be eligible to vote.

• Political parties held nominating conventions, which allowed party members, not just leaders, to select candidates.

• The period of expanding democracy in the 1820s and 1830s was called Jacksonian democracy.

Jackson and AdamsJackson and Adams

Jackson vs. Adams in 1828Jackson vs. Adams in 1828

Democratic Party arose from Jackson’s supporters.

Backers of President John Quincy Adams called National Republicans.

Jackson defeated Adams, winning a record number of popular votes.

Jacksonian DemocracyJacksonian Democracy

• Supporters saw Jackson victory as win for common people.

• Jackson rewarded political backers with government jobs, called spoils system, from “to the victor belong the spoils of the enemy.”

• Jackson relied on an informal group of trusted advisers who met sometimes in White House kitchen.

Tariff of AbominationsTariff of Abominations

In 1827, northern manufacturers had In 1827, northern manufacturers had demanded a tariff on imported wool goods.demanded a tariff on imported wool goods.

Southerners opposed a tariff because it Southerners opposed a tariff because it would hurt their economy.would hurt their economy.

Congress passed a high tariff on imports Congress passed a high tariff on imports before Jackson became president.before Jackson became president.

Nullification CrisisNullification Crisis

The question of an individual state’s right to The question of an individual state’s right to disregard a law passed by Congress was at the disregard a law passed by Congress was at the heart of a growing conflict over tariffs.heart of a growing conflict over tariffs.

Vice President John C. Calhoun supported the Vice President John C. Calhoun supported the SouthSouth Advanced Advanced states’ rights doctrinestates’ rights doctrine States’ power greater than federal power States’ power greater than federal power

because states had formed national because states had formed national governmentgovernment

States could nullify, or reject, law judged States could nullify, or reject, law judged unconstitutionalunconstitutional

States’ Rights DebateStates’ Rights Debate

Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions of 1798-99 were early discussions on states’ rights.

Daniel Webster argued that the United States was one nation, not a pact among independent states.

Jackson opposed nullification, but was worried about the southern economy.

South Carolina enacted Nullification Act to void tariffs so Congress then passed another lower-tariff compromise.

Reading QuizReading Quiz

Chapter 12.2Chapter 12.2

Page 330-335Page 330-335

Bell WorkBell Work

Explain the details of the Nullification Crisis.Explain the details of the Nullification Crisis.

This Day in History:This Day in History:

February 13, 1920- The League of Nations recognizes perpetual Swiss February 13, 1920- The League of Nations recognizes perpetual Swiss neutrality. neutrality.

February 13, 1861- The first military action to receive the Medal of Honor award February 13, 1861- The first military action to receive the Medal of Honor award takes place in the U.S.- Apache Conflict in southeastern Arizona. takes place in the U.S.- Apache Conflict in southeastern Arizona.

February 13, 1945- The Allies firebomb Dresden, Germany in the most February 13, 1945- The Allies firebomb Dresden, Germany in the most destructive bombing raid of the war, killing 135,000 people. destructive bombing raid of the war, killing 135,000 people.

Jackson and the BankJackson and the Bank Jackson did not always Jackson did not always

support federal power.support federal power. Opposed Second Bank of Opposed Second Bank of

the United States.the United States. Believed it Believed it

unconstitutional: only unconstitutional: only states should have states should have banking power.banking power.

In In McCulloch McCulloch v. v. MarylandMaryland,, Supreme Court ruled the Supreme Court ruled the national bank was national bank was constitutional.constitutional.

Jackson vetoed the renewal Jackson vetoed the renewal of the Bank’s charter in 1832.of the Bank’s charter in 1832.

The Bank WarThe Bank War

Jackson took funds out of the Bank and put Jackson took funds out of the Bank and put them in state banks.them in state banks.

State banks used funds to give credit to land State banks used funds to give credit to land buyers.buyers. Helped land expansion but caused inflation.Helped land expansion but caused inflation.

Jackson tried to slow inflation.Jackson tried to slow inflation. Ordered Americans to use only gold and Ordered Americans to use only gold and

silver to buy land.silver to buy land. Jackson’s banking and inflation policies opened Jackson’s banking and inflation policies opened

the door for economic troubles.the door for economic troubles.

Election of 1836 and 1840Election of 1836 and 1840

Jackson chose not to run again in 1836; Vice President Jackson chose not to run again in 1836; Vice President Martin Van Buren was nominated. Martin Van Buren was nominated.

Van Buren defeated four candidates nominated by the Van Buren defeated four candidates nominated by the new new Whig PartyWhig Party..

A severe economic depression called the A severe economic depression called the Panic of 1837 Panic of 1837 followed the election.followed the election.

People blamed Van Buren even though Jackson’s People blamed Van Buren even though Jackson’s economic policies had contributed to the panic.economic policies had contributed to the panic.

Van Buren was defeated in 1840 by Whig candidate Van Buren was defeated in 1840 by Whig candidate William Henry HarrisonWilliam Henry Harrison..

AssignmentAssignment

You need to complete test corrections. You need to complete test corrections.

Get out your bell work and chapter 10 Get out your bell work and chapter 10 vocabulary so I can come by and check it. vocabulary so I can come by and check it.

Read Chapter 10.2, Pages 326-331. Quiz Read Chapter 10.2, Pages 326-331. Quiz tomorrow. tomorrow.