Bell WorkBell WorkHow does a person from another country become a How does a person from another country become a citizen of the United States?citizen of the United States?

This Day in History:This Day in History:

November 18, 1863- Abraham Lincoln travels to Gettysburg, Pennsylvania to November 18, 1863- Abraham Lincoln travels to Gettysburg, Pennsylvania to deliver a speech at the commemoration of the Gettysburg Battlefield four deliver a speech at the commemoration of the Gettysburg Battlefield four months after the bloodiest battle of the Civil War.months after the bloodiest battle of the Civil War.

November 18, 1883- American and Canadian railroads begin using four time November 18, 1883- American and Canadian railroads begin using four time zones to prevent confusion on the railway lines. zones to prevent confusion on the railway lines.

November 18, 1916- The bloody four month long Battle of the Somme ends. November 18, 1916- The bloody four month long Battle of the Somme ends.

November 18, 1978- Jim Jones leads hundreds of his followers in a mass November 18, 1978- Jim Jones leads hundreds of his followers in a mass suicide at Jonestown. suicide at Jonestown.

Bill of RightsBill of Rights

Bill of RightsBill of Rights

James MadisonJames Madison promised that a bill of promised that a bill of rights would be added to the Constitution. rights would be added to the Constitution.

States ratified ten amendments, called the States ratified ten amendments, called the Bill of Rights.Bill of Rights.

Protection of individual liberties is Protection of individual liberties is important in a democracy because of important in a democracy because of majority rulemajority rule..

Freedom of Religion

Freedom of Assembly

The government cannot support or interfere with the practice of religion, support one religion over another, or establish an official religion.

11stst Amendment Amendment

Freedom of Speech and of the Press

Americans have the right to express their own ideas and to hear the ideas of others.

Americans have freedom of assembly, or of holding meetings.

Americans have the right to petition, or make a request of the government; this right allows Americans to show dissatisfaction with laws or to suggest new laws.

Right to Petition

Colonial RightsColonial Rights

Second AmendmentSecond Amendment deals with state militias deals with state militias and the right to bear arms and the right to bear arms

Third AmendmentThird Amendment prevents the military from prevents the military from forcing citizens to house soldiersforcing citizens to house soldiers

Fourth AmendmentFourth Amendment protects Americans from protects Americans from unreasonable search and seizureunreasonable search and seizure

Authorities must get a Authorities must get a search warrant search warrant to search to search or seize property, except in emergency or seize property, except in emergency situations.situations.

Rights of the AccusedRights of the Accused

Guarantees the government cannot punish anyone without Guarantees the government cannot punish anyone without due due processprocess of law—meaning the law must be fairly applied. of law—meaning the law must be fairly applied.

A grand jury decides if there is enough evidence to A grand jury decides if there is enough evidence to indictindict a person; a person; a court cannot try a person for a serious crime without an a court cannot try a person for a serious crime without an indictment.indictment.

This amendment protects people from having to testify at their own This amendment protects people from having to testify at their own trial.trial.

Anyone found not guilty cannot face Anyone found not guilty cannot face double jeopardydouble jeopardy—be tried —be tried again for the same crime.again for the same crime.

No one can have property taken without No one can have property taken without due processdue process of law, except of law, except in cases of in cases of eminent domaineminent domain..

Eminent domainEminent domain is the power to take personal property to benefit is the power to take personal property to benefit the public.the public.

66thth, 7, 7thth, and 8, and 8thth Amendments Amendments

Sixth

• Right to a speedy, public trial by jury.

• Right to know charges and hear witnesses.

• Right to impel witnesses to appear.

• Right to an attorney.

Seventh

• Right of trial by jury in civil cases—cases where harm has occurred but not necessarily the breaking of the law.

Eighth

• Allows for bail, a set amount of money that defendants promise to pay the court if they fail to appear at the proper time.

• Bans “cruel and unusual punishments.”

Balance of PowerBalance of Power

Ninth and Tenth Amendments give general Ninth and Tenth Amendments give general protection for other rights not addressed by the protection for other rights not addressed by the first eight.first eight.

Ninth Amendment says that the rights listed in Ninth Amendment says that the rights listed in the Constitution are not the only rights citizens the Constitution are not the only rights citizens have.have.

Tenth Amendment states that any powers not Tenth Amendment states that any powers not delegated to the federal government nor delegated to the federal government nor prohibited by the Constitution belong to the prohibited by the Constitution belong to the states and the people.states and the people.

The Constitution The Constitution A Living DocumentA Living Document

Read the through the Amendments, not Read the through the Amendments, not including the Bill of Rights, pick an including the Bill of Rights, pick an Amendment that you would like to learn Amendment that you would like to learn more about. more about.

Research what lead to that amendment Research what lead to that amendment being proposed. Explain the importance of being proposed. Explain the importance of that amendment. How has it affected that amendment. How has it affected society in the United States?society in the United States?