Bell Work /13 - 3 minutes1. What are 4 ways sediments get into the ocean?

2. How do large quantities of coarser sediment end up on the ocean floor? (an event happens…)

3. Define sediment in your own words. (c.s.)

4. What is the average depth of sediment on the ocean floor? (ft & m)

5. List and describe the 3 types of sediment.

6. List 5 ways inorganic sediments are deposited.

7. Where are most inorganic sediments found?

8. What is “graded bedding”? What is it evidence of when it’s found in oceans? (c.s.) Where in the ocean are most of the sediments biogenic?

9. How do chemical deposits form?

10. What are nodules?

11. Give 2 reasons ocean sediments are studied.

12. What are 3 things that we can determine about the past by looking at ocean sediments?

Bell Work - 3 minutes1. What is graded bedding? What creates it?

2. How can boulders (sediment) get out into the deep ocean? (dif ans than prev question)

3. W5SAYWoS

Bell Work 10/15/13 - 3 minutes

• New Bell Work…Title it “10.3 Ocean Floor Sediments”

1. What is sediment? What’s it made of?

2. W5SAYW

Bell Work 10/16/13 - 3 minutes1. What are 3 difficulties facing organisms in

the deep ocean?

2. What are 3 adaptations the creatures have developed to overcome these difficulties?

3. What 2 chemicals are used to make food in chemosynthesis?

Return papers!Graph – Bill, Nate, Kasey

Joey, Tony, Lynzie, Cole, Kyle

Nevin, Chara, Steph

19.3 Reading Guide

Bell Work• Take your 19.3 reading guide out

Schedule• Turn in 20.3 Reading Guide if you haven’t • Review Sediment Questions

– Quiz tomorrow!• Finish Map & turn it in• Finish Notebook

– Update grades– Make sure all graded worksheets are completed– Take notebook sheet out & write name & date on it– Turn it in at the end of class if it’s ready to grade

• Study• Thursday – 20.1 RG• Friday - Notes

Due Tomorrow – 13 pts

• 10 definitions p. 483 (5 pts)

• 1-16 p. 484 1-8 complete sentences (4 pts)

9-16 just write letter & word of answer (4 pts)

The book is online. Check my website under “websites to visit” for the link, username, and password.

Bell Ringer – 1 minute1. Take everything off of your desk except for

a pen.

Version A

20. D

21. E

22. C

23. A

24. G

25. J

26. F

27. H

Version B

17. H

18. I

19. G

20. J

21. D

22. A

23. E

24. C

19.3 Ocean-Floor Sediments

Friday

Turned in reading guides, watched coral seas video

worked on ocean map

Monday

Video (Coral Seas or Deep Ocean)

Turn in late reading guides

Check quizzes & update grades

Finish map & organize notebooks (start checking maps)

Tuesday

Return reading guides (last chance to turn in!)

Take notes on Ocean Sediments

Deep Ocean Video & check maps (& notebooks)

Wednesday

Take notes on Ocean Sediments

Deep Ocean Video & check maps (& notebooks)

Thursday

Study

Friday

Quiz

Today you are going to…

take notes on three types of ocean sediments

So you can

identify wherey sediments come from & how they’re valuable

You’ll know you’ve got it when you

answer the questions at the end of the notes

Sediment

• material that has been deposited from water, ice, or wind

• On ocean floor, sediment is 400 m ( ) thick on average

• Why is the beach sandy?

• Why isn’t the beach muddy?

Ocean Sediments

• Inorganic sediments in the ocean are fairly well sorted by size

• Coarse gravel & sand close to shore

• Finer (smaller) particles are usually deposited a great distance from shore

• Sediments in deep-ocean basin are generally _________ than those found in shallow water

3 Types of Sediments

1. Inorganic Sediments – rock particles

2. Biogenic Sediments – made by organisms

3. Chemical Deposits – crystallize from ocean water

Sampling Ocean Floor Sediment

• 2 Techniques– Scoop

• easy!

– Core Sample• Preserves layers for study (an advatage)

Core SamplesTaking core samples is hard!

Wow that’s a lot of core samples!

Behold…the Core Sample!

1. Inorganic Sediments

• Rock particles

• Deposited on continental shelf & shore

• sometimes large quantities of these sediments slide down continental slopes to ocean floor below

• creates _____________________ currents (They’re sometimes caused by ______________________)

1. Inorganic Sediments• Rock particles• Deposited on continental shelf & shore• Go further when turbidity currents occur• Deposited by

– Rivers– Wave erosion – Wind blowing fine particles– Icebergs carrying rocks– Meteorite dust falling into ocean

Turbidity Currents!!!

• Underwater landslides on ocean floor, usually caused by earthquakes

• Can carry sediment 600 km (______ mi)

• Creates graded bedding

• Turbidity Current Video

Graded Bedding Video

2. Biogenic Sediments

• Produced by living creatures

• Many places almost all sediment is biogenic (deep ocean)

• Made of SiO2 & CaCO3 (both come from tiny critters: diatoms & radiolarians and fornaminiferns)

• Scientists look at them to see which critters were alive when

Bell Work 10/22/13 - 3 minutesTurn in reading guide!

1. What is the average thickness of sediment on the ocean floor?

2. What is graded bedding?

3. Graded bedding means a ______________ has occurred, which means an ______________ probably occurred.

3. Chemical Deposits• Minerals dissolved in ocean water crystallize• Nodules!

– Lumps of manganese, nickel, copper, iron & other metals– Form when the metals dissolved in ocean water crystallize on the

surface of an object, such as tiny piece of bone– Take a million years to grow 1 cm (__inch)– Scattered on deep ocean floor– Usually too expensive to mine

• Will likely be mined in East Pacific

Ocean someday though!

You can see growth rings if you break them!

Why Study Sediment?• Geologists study core samples layer by layer.

1.History is recorded in ocean bottom sedimentsa. Ash from volcanic eruptions sinks and forms a

layer

b. Earthquakes are recorded as turbidity currents create graded bedding

c. shells of the organisms living there sink and form their layers. a. Help scientists determine history life on Earth &

Earth's climate

Tiny Critters in Ocean Floor Sediment Sample!

Behold…the Core Sample!

Why Study Sediment?

2. Look for resources (oil and gas)

• certain species of foraminifera live during the periods of oil and gas production – scientist can tell if it might be worth drilling

in an area of the ocean bottom by looking at the core samples

Bell Work 10/23/13 - 3 minutes

1. What are 4 things that we can determine about the past by looking at core samples of ocean sediments?

http://www.microscope-microscope.org/applications/sand/microscopic-sand.htm

End!

.

Rewards!Icecream!

Doughnutz

Skittles! (taste the rainbow)

Carmel apples (only if you pay for them)

Bucket of reeses peanut butter cups!

Celebration!

Essay1. What are 4 things (4) that we can determine by

looking at ocean sediments? Explain in detail how each can be determined (4). Include an intro and concluding sentence. (1)

2. Describe at least 4 conditions in deep ocean that make it difficult for critters (2)? List at least 4 ways critter adapt (2). What is the base of food chain in deep ocean? (2 things/places) Explain the hydrothermal vents & cold seeps (underwater lakes). (2) Include an intro and concluding sentence. (1)

Essay

1. Describe at least 4 conditions in deep ocean that make it difficult for critters (2)? List at least 4 ways critter adapt (2). What is the base of food chain in deep ocean? (2 things/places) Explain the hydrothermal vents & cold seeps (underwater lakes). (2) Include an intro and concluding sentence. (1)

Volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, and climate are three things that can be determined by studying core samples. When a volcano erupts, wind spreads the ash for hundreds of miles, and it eventually forms a layer of ash on the ocean floor. A layer of ash in the core sample tells scientists that a volcano erupted. Earthquakes cause turbidity currents, which are underwater landslides. The bigger sediment particles settle out first, which creates a layer of graded bedding. When scientists see this, they know an earthquake occurred. Some ocean organisms are only live in certain climates. When these organisms die, they sink to the bottom of the ocean, creating a layer that tells scientists about the climate of that time period.

Deep Ocean Video

In twilight zone & midnight zone• Conditions/Problems

• Starfish are benthos, meaning they just stay on the bottom. They don’t travel easily. I’ll show you an awesome video!– Very little light or completely dark!

• Big eyes!

• Bioluminescence help see

– Nowhere to hide• Fish are transparent or red (red looks black down there)• Use bioluminescence to escape! (confuse predators)• Use bioluminescence as camouflage

– No plants on bottom to eat, Very little food• Use bioluminescence as lure

• Chemosynthesis!!! Bacteria make food from methane and sulfur dioxide

– Hard to find mate • Bioluminescence to communicate

• Latch on for life!

• Travel in herds

• Use scent to find each other

– Cold!